Explanation of terms 1 Yuanjiao Expressway 2 Nantongpu Railway 3 Beijing Harbin High speed Railway 4

1. Yuanjiao Expressway is a highway connecting Yuanyang County and Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, which was opened to traffic in 2002 and was formerly known as Zhengjiaojin Expressway. Due to the good quality, it has not been overhauled for up to 10 years.

2. Tongpu Railway is a north-south railway trunk line running through the central part of Shanxi Province. From Datong, Shanxi Province through Shuozhou, Yuanping, Xinzhou, Taiyuan, Jinzhong, Pingyao, Jiexiu, Linfen, Houma, Yuncheng to the south of Puzhou Town Fenglingdu. With a total length of 865 kilometers, it is bounded by Taiyuan Station and is divided into North Tongpu Railway and South Tongpu Railway.

The 513-kilometer section of Nantongpu was started in May 1933 and completed in December 1935. The 351-kilometer section of Beitongpu was started in November 1933 and completed in 1939. In August 1951, the Tongpu Railway was reopened to traffic.

3. Beijing-Harbin Passenger Dedicated Line, also known as Beijing-Harbin High-speed Railway, Beijing-Harbin Passenger Dedicated (referred to as Beijing-Harbin Passenger Dedicated Line) is a high-speed railway passenger dedicated line under construction in China, and it is also the "one vertical" in the "four vertical and four horizontal" passenger dedicated lines planned by China's medium and long-term railway network. The line starts from Beijing, passes through Hebei Province, Liaoning Province, Jilin Province, and ends in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province. It also includes the Shenyang-Dalian high-speed line, the Chaoling liaison line, the Chifeng branch line and the Tongliao branch line.

4. "Exploration and Discovery" is a large-scale documentary program of humanities, history and physical geography in the history of Chinese television. The column tells the stories of history, geography and culture mainly in China by documentary techniques, explores the magical mysteries of the natural world, excavates the little-known details and fates of characters behind historical events, and shows the grandeur of Chinese civilization.

5, Wang Xiaoya, born on January 22, 1968 in Zhaojue County, Sichuan Province, female host in Chinese mainland, graduated from the Department of Economics of Sichuan University. In 1997, he hosted the agricultural program "Golden Land" on ** TV station. In 1998, he won the first place in the national economic program outstanding host with the "Economic Half Hour" he hosted.

In 2000, he hosted the puzzle and answer program "Happy Dictionary". In 2005, she was awarded the title of "2004 China's Top Ten Economic Women of the Year". In 2007, he won the title of Top Ten Program Hosts of ** TV Station.

In 2010, he hosted the TV public welfare program "The First Lesson of School". In 2015, he hosted the life service program "Home for Dinner" on the financial channel.

Explanation of terms: 1Yuqi Expressway, also known as Longcheng Expressway, starts from Yuci Longbai, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province and connects with the Shanxi section of the National Expressway G20 Qingyin Expressway Taijiu Expressway, and connects with the Shanxi section of the National Expressway G55 Erguang Expressway on the way to the Taichang Expressway, and ends in Qixian County Zhaocheng and Universiade Expressway are interconnected, which is the central part of Shanxi.

The differences between high-speed rail and subway are as follows:

1. 70% of the high-speed railway base is a viaduct, and the subway is generally underground, and the construction work surface is different, one is constructed on the ground and one is constructed underground, which is affected by the light, which greatly increases the difficulty of underground construction.

2. The construction process and process are different.

High-speed rail is generally a ballastless track bed, with the first track bed construction, followed by track laying operations.

The subway first assembles the rail row on the ground, uses gantry cranes and other machinery to transport the construction site, and carries out the first binding of steel bars, erection of rail rows, rough adjustment, fine adjustment, pouring and other one-time molding.

3. The running speed is also different.

High-speed rail is generally not higher than 350km h.

The metro is not higher than 80km h.

4. The passenger situation is different.

High-speed rail mainly acts between two cities.

The subway is used in a city, greatly reducing the burden of car transportation.

There is no difference, the difference is that the intercity railway is shuttled in the cities of the province, there are more stations, the speed can not be driven 300km h, and the toll is naturally cheaper than the railway, and the high-speed rail is mainly inter-provincial to and fro, and the toll is relatively expensive and fast!

The concept of classification of railways is different. Intercity railway refers to the railway that mainly serves the passenger flow of neighboring cities.

It can be a general-speed railway or a high-speed railway, and high-speed rail is used more in large urban agglomerations. High-speed rail is divided according to the difference in railway speed standards. High-speed trains can travel at high speeds, while ordinary railways can only allow trains to travel at medium and low speeds.

It's like a highway and a normal highway.

High-speed railway, referred to as high-speed rail, produced by China's Tangshan rail passenger car **** a maximum speed of more than 350km h train, generally eight cars, operating generally head and tail docking, this kind of train called China high-speed railway train, with the letter CRH to dedicate, and all CRH trains named Harmony, so high-speed railway refers to a kind of railway that is specially operated by a train with a speed of more than 350km h.

The differences are as follows:

1. Light rail and subway only serve the interior of the city and belong to a type of railway system in urban rail transit. Now urban rail transit trains can be divided into three types: A, B, and C, corresponding to the train width of 3 meters, meters, and meters. All rail transit routes that choose A-type or B-type trains are called subways, and 5 8-card marshalling trains are used; The rail transit route that uses C-type trains is called light rail, and 2 4-card trains are used.

The maximum speed of the LRT is 120 kilometers per hour. The maximum speed of the metro is generally not more than 80 kilometers per hour.

2. High-speed railway, referred to as high-speed rail, is a means of transportation that runs between different cities, and the train operating speed is more than 200km h, and the maximum speed is 350km h.

3. Among the light rail, subway, and high-speed rail, the cost of the subway is the highest.

Light rail and high-speed rail are actually the difference between tracks. The track of high-speed rail is more suitable for ultra-high-speed driving, and the difference between the cars is not big, in fact, the high-speed rail is also EMU, and the light rail is on the ground and the subway is underground.

Light rail is an important form of urban rail construction, and it is also the most rapidly developing form of rail transit in the world today. The weight and passenger capacity of the light rail locomotive are smaller than that of ordinary trains, and the weight of the rails used is light, only 50kg per meter, so it is called "light rail". Urban light rail has the advantages of large capacity, fast speed, low pollution, low energy consumption, punctual operation and high safety.

Urban light rail, underground railways, urban railways and other forms of rail transit constitute the urban rapid rail transit system. It can effectively alleviate the tension between the population and transportation resources, cars and transportation facilities. As an effective carrier to improve the status quo of urban transportation, light rail has become an important choice for modern metropolises.

It greatly facilitates the travel of passengers and enables residents to enjoy a higher quality of life. Light rail is also more in line with the standards of green transportation, and the construction of large-scale municipal supporting facilities where the track extends is more conducive to comprehensive environmental management.

Subway is a form of railway transportation, which refers to the urban rail transit system that mainly runs underground, that is, the abbreviation of "underground railway" or "subway" (subway, tube, underground); Many of these systems may be converted to at-grade or elevated roads outside the city centre in order to fit the built environment and to consider the cost of construction and operation. The subway is an urban rail transit system (METRO) that covers all kinds of underground and above-ground right-of-way exclusive, high-density, high-volume urban rail transit system (METRO), which is called "rapid transit" by the Taiwan subway.

High-speed rail, the full name of high-speed railway, has different regulations in different countries and times. In 1962, the International Union of Railways (UIC), one of Europe's earliest organizations, designated the old railway with a speed of 200 kilometers per hour and the new railway with a speed of 250 300 kilometers per hour as high-speed rail. At present, most of the new high-speed railways in various countries have set the maximum speed at 250 350 kilometers per hour.

The 1985 Geneva Agreement made new provisions: the speed of the new passenger and freight co-linear high-speed railway is more than 250 kilometers per hour, and the speed of the new passenger dedicated high-speed railway is more than 350 kilometers per hour. The definition of the State Railway Administration of China is:

New passenger dedicated railways designed to run EMU trains of 250 kilometers per hour (including reservations) and above, with an initial operating speed of not less than 200 kilometers and hours.

The track of the high-speed rail is more suitable for ultra-high-speed driving, and the difference between the car is not big, in fact, the high-speed rail capacity of the car is also an EMU, and the light rail is on the ground and the subway is underground.

EMUs generally refer to self-powered rail vehicles, which are different from trailers. The EMU and the trailer together constitute the EMU, which is divided into general EMU and high-speed EMU, the former is marked D, with a speed of 160 kilometers per hour and above, which is a fast rail grade, and the latter is marked with a speed of more than 250 kilometers per hour, which is a high-speed rail grade. In China, trains with speeds of up to 250 km/h or more are considered high-speed trains.

Subway is a form of railway transportation, and there are two understandings of the word: it refers to the urban rail transit system that mainly runs underground, that is, the abbreviation of "subway" or "subway" (subway, tube, underground); Many of these systems may be converted to at-grade or elevated roads outside the city centre in order to fit the built environment and to consider the cost of construction and operation.

The "light rail" in urban rail transit corresponds to the "subway", and the trams and guide rail rubber-tyred trains in the urban public transportation system are completely different from the urban rail transit light rail trains, so they do not belong to the light rail system. The light rail in urban rail transit refers to the train running on the international standard double track with a track gauge of 1435 mm, and the train operation uses an automatic signaling system.

Metro: In large cities, tunnels are mainly built underground, tracks are laid, and passengers are transported by electric trains.

System; High-speed rail: high-speed railway, referred to as "high-speed rail", refers to a railway system that achieves an operating rate of more than 200 kilometers per hour by transforming the original line (linearization and track gauge standardization), or specially building a new "high-speed new line" to achieve an operating rate of more than 250 kilometers per hour. In addition to the train reaching a certain speed standard in the operation of high-speed railway, vehicles, rails, and operations need to be upgraded.

Light rail: In large cities, tunnels are mainly built underground, and tracks are laid, and the tracks are divided into light and heavy tracks, but now the quality of the tracks has improved, and they all meet the standard requirements of heavy tracks.

The EMU is divided according to the driving mode of the train, and each (some two) carriages have a power system of the train set called EMU.

High-speed trains usually use EMUs, which cannot reach that high speed by the locomotive drive.

The light rail is on the ground, the subway is underground, and high-speed rail means high-speed rail.

Distinguish by axle load.

Light rail (copy light rail train), axle load less than 13 tons, generally use C-type car, the maximum formation of 4 cars, 1-30,000 passengers per hour; The maximum speed is generally not more than 70km h;

The subway is a medium-sized rail train, with an axle weight of more than 13 tons, generally using A-type or B-type cars, 6-8 car formations, and a passenger volume of 3-70,000 people per hour; The maximum speed is generally 80-100km h;

The high-speed rail is a heavy-duty rail train with an axle load of 16 tons and a maximum design speed of 200-400km/h.

Strictly speaking, the EMU is a type of train, and the high-speed rail is a type of railway line.

The Ministry of Railways currently defines that EMU refers to railway lines with a speed of 200 kilometers per hour; High-speed rail refers to railway lines with a speed of 300 kilometers per hour.

EMU refers to the type of train. It is a unique name in China, which is different from the previous ordinary trains. Under normal circumstances, ordinary trains are pulled by locomotives, and the carriages themselves are not powered; The EMU car itself has power, and when it runs, not only the locomotive drives, but also the car "runs on its own", so that the power can be dispersed and the running speed will be faster.

At the same time, compared with ordinary trains, the vibration and noise of EMUs are on the low side. Therefore, the bullet train is a train type that is different from ordinary trains.

At present, in China, there are different models of bullet trains, such as CRH1, CRH2, CRH3, CHR5, CRH6, CRH380 (there is no CRH4, because "4" is a homonym for "death", which is considered unlucky; There are small divisions under each model, such as CRH1A, CRH1B, etc.; CRH6 has not yet been officially put into operation), the Chinese name is Harmony, and the English name is CRH, which is the abbreviation of "China Railways Highspeed". In fact, whether it is on China's "high-speed rail line" or on the so-called "bullet train line", the cars run are all EMUs, the difference is that the models are different: CRH1, CRH2 (except CRH2C), CHR5 The three models are all 200 km level, designed to operate at 200km h, and the maximum operating speed is 250km h; CRH2C, CRH3 and CRH380 are 300 km and are designed to operate at a speed of about 350 km h and a maximum of 380 km h.

Therefore, the EMU refers to the type of car, while the high-speed rail is the type of railway line, and strictly speaking, the two are not the same concept. However, in China, bullet trains and high-speed railways refer to different types of railway lines.

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