What determines that a substance can be transparent?

No matter how solid a substance is, if you look at it from the inside of the atom, it is actually empty. Because inside the atom, the volume of the nucleus and the electron together is less than 1/1000000000 of the volume of the atom. Moreover, there is no evidence that atomic nuclei and electrons cannot be passed through by photons!

So, transparency is normal!

To understand this complex question, we must first ask the following question: Why are some substances opaque?

For opaque substances, we can divide them into four main categories:

1. Opacity due to the blocking effect of free electrons: This is the reason for the opacity of metals.

2. Opacity caused by substances that can absorb light: the excitation energy of the electrons of the molecules of such substances is relatively low, just in the visible range, and the molecules often have the structure of benzene ring, benzoquinone, benzidine or other conjugated systems, which can reduce the excitation energy of electrons, so that electrons are prone to transition and absorb the energy of photons. In this way, the light is absorbed.

3. Opacity caused by the destruction of the structure of the transparent substance. For example, glass is transparent, while glass powder is opaque; Ice is transparent, whereas ice is opaque when it is smashed. If a substance does not conform to its structural characteristics, then it can pass light, but if it has a lot of small voids in its structure, then it is white.

This is the reason why white objects are opaque.

The result of a mixture of causes. The opacity of many objects in reality is caused by this.

If there are no free electrons in the structure of a substance, there are no easily excited electrons, and the structure of the substance is very compact, and there are no many pores and other conditions. That matter can pass through photons, i.e. it is transparent.

The internal structure of the molecule determines the transparency of the substance, the internal structure changes, and the color and transparency of the substance also change.

If there is air between the molecules, if there is an air bubble, it will refract light, so it looks opaque, and if you remove all the air between the ceramics, the ceramics will also be transparent. It's amazing, isn't it?

The color of a transparent body is determined by the light that passes through it. When light hits the surface of a transparent body, its color depends on what color it can pass through. In addition, colored transparent bodies can only absorb other colored light by passing through the natural light.

For example, yellow glass can only transmit yellow light, and absorb other colors of light, making the room warm. Blue glass can only transmit blue light and absorb other colors of light, giving the room a cool color.

Through long-term observation of light, it was discovered that the light that hits the ground along the gaps in the leaves of the dense forest forms ray-like beams, as does the daylight that enters the house through a small window. A large number of observational facts have led to the realization that light travels in a straight line. In order to prove this property of light, about 2,450 years ago, Mo Zhai, an outstanding scientist in China, and his students completed the world's first experiment on the inverted image of small holes, and discovered and explained the principle of inverted images of small holes.

Although he is not talking about imaging but about shadowing, the principle is the same.

A small hole was made in the wall of the sunrise of a dark hut, and the person stood outside the room facing the hole, and an upside-down figure appeared on the opposite wall of the room. Why this strange phenomenon? The Mohists explained that the light travels in a straight line through the small holes like an arrow, and the human head covers the light above, and the shadow is below, and the human foot covers the light below, and the shadow is on the top, forming an inverted shadow.

This is the first scientific explanation of the linear propagation of light.

The color of a transparent object is determined by the color light it transmits.

Shade dye detection term. The degree of deviation between the color of the dye-to-be stain and the color of the standard dye macro stain under the condition of consistent staining depth. Including differences in hue, lightness, and saturation.

Their colors are red, green, and blue, respectively. These three colors are not only the main colors obtained after the decomposition of white light, but also the main components of mixed color light, and can match the spectral response range of retinal cells of the human eye, which is in line with the visual physiological effects of the human eye. These three colors are mixed in different proportions, and almost all colors in nature can be obtained, and the mixed color gamut is the largest.

Moreover, these three colors are independent, and one of the primary colors cannot be quietly mixed with other primary colors, so we call red, green, and blue the three primary colors of color and light.

Neutral Mix:

Refers to a color mixture that neither increases nor decreases in the blended colors. Neutral blending mainly includes disc rotation blending and spatial visual blending.

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue-violet and other pigments are applied to the disc in equal amounts, and the rotation is light blue. Magenta, yellow, and cyan, or red and green, yellow and blue, orange and blue, etc., can be painted in a light gray color as long as the proportions are appropriate.

On the color wheel, red and yellow are turned into orange, blue and yellow are turned into green, and red and blue are turned into purple.

Standing on the railway, you can see the two rails in front of you stretching into the distance and finally disappearing into the horizon. If the two rails have their own colors, after a certain distance, after a certain distance and "unity", the two colors will also be combined into a new color. The unity of form is called the perspective reduction of form, and the unity of color is called the return of slag as the spatial visual mixing of color.