How to calculate the error in the horizontal angle of a round in civil engineering surveying

Calculated using the Bessel formula, calculate it firstAverageis 39°40 42 , and then calculate the correction number, respectively, the sum of the squares of the correction number divided by (5-1), and then square it is .

1. When there is no true value: calculate the middle error of the observation value according to the horizontal angle observation value of the five rounds.

Count: m= ([ (5-1)).

2. When there is a true value: calculate the middle error meter of the observation value according to the horizontal angle observation value of the five rounds: m= ([ 5].

Error analysis. According to Article 209 of the Coal Mine Measurement Regulations, the actual data accumulated and analyzed by the mine shall be used in principle for the errors in the error prediction.

Now, according to the angle closure difference of the same kind of measurement wire in our mining area, the error m in the underground angle measurement is obtained, and the relevant error analysis is carried out to propose the error in the underground angle measurement suitable for the mine (area), and how to improve the measurement accuracy of the underground theodolite in the future.

The above content refers to: Encyclopedia - Error in Angle Measurement.

Observe 2 points on the left side of the disk and write down the degrees, and then observe on the right side of the disk and write down the degrees. Then the difference between the two rounds is the error. Generally, it is not allowed to exceed 20 seconds. In less than 20 seconds, add and divide by 2 to get the angle of 2 points.

The difference between the measurement angle value of the left and right sides of the disk is less than 40 seconds within the tolerance range of error.

The lower half of the test ring: connect the first test ring, rotate the objective lens of the instrument 180°, then rotate the alignment part, align with point B, read out the horizontal angle, and then rotate the alignment part counterclockwise, align with point A, read out the horizontal angle, and the horizontal angle between the two is subtracted from the horizontal angle of point BIt follows that the instrument for measuring the horizontal angle should meet the following conditions: (1) there is a horizontally placed disc with a scale of 0 360 ° clockwise.

Mark; (2) the center of the disc is on the plumb line of the apex o of the corner; (3) There is a telescope that can be aimed at the target, and the telescope can rotate not only in the horizontal plane, but also in the vertical plane.

The first half of the measurement: Align a with the left disc of the instrument. There are several sets of observations, each with its own self-consistent accuracy and mill accuracy obtained from the conditions to be met. In this paper, we assume that the observational error follows a normal distribution.

and in the case of independent of each other, ANOVA is used.

principle, deriving the accidental error of traverse and triangulation angle observations.

and the Systematic Error Formula. It was verified using experimental data from engineering survey wires. Using the data observed at a certain location using second-order triangulation, it is found that the ratio of the goniometric system to the accidental median error is about:

1. The methods for reducing the systematic error of goniometric measurement in triangulation are discussed.

According to the examination of the observation error of the horizontal angle in triangulation, various statistical inspection methods should be used to check whether there is a systematic error in the guess value of the horizontal angle observation. The test results show that in general, the horizontal angle observation error of the second-class integrated network is mainly an accidental error, and the systematic error is not significant. At the same time, several methods for calculating triangulation direction (or angle) errors are discussed.

Electronic theodolite and total station.

It overcomes many errors in optical theodolite angle measurement.

However, at present, the horizontal angle observation with electronic theodolite still needs to follow the operating procedures of the optical latitude and longitude blind obscuration instrument.

Because there is no operating procedure for electronic theodolite. Through the analysis of a large number of experimental data, the relationship between the angular measurement accuracy of the electronic theodolite and the number to be measured is found, and the operating procedures of the optical theodolite are compared, so as to determine the measured number of horizontal angle observations of different levels of electronic theodolite. Using this conclusion, we can give full play to the advantages of the electronic theodolite, save operation time, and improve the performance of the electronic theodolite.

The backdrop is an observation unit composed of a single observation according to factors such as the instrument and the normal beam wheel observation strip mu. The difference can be measured by the difference between the value of the upper half of the return angle and the value of the second half of the return angle.

Connect the first test ring first, now align with point B, read out the horizontal angle, and then rotate the first needle against the time to align with a to ignite the number of suspicions, read out the horizontal angle, and calculate the difference between the two horizontal angles.

It is necessary to know how many seconds are the difference between the two angular values of the upper and lower half of the measurement, so that you can determine the difference in angles, and then you can understand the error.

The error in the observation of the flat angle of the water and potatoes is m= (5-1)), and the measurement is the subject of surveying and mapping science and technology, and the observation unit composed of a number of single observations is uniformly specified according to the different factors such as instruments and observation conditions.

A positive or forward measurement and an inverted or reverse measurement are called a rounding.

When the reverse method is used, the equipment needs to carry out paired positive mirror or forward and reverse mirror or reverse measurement of the target, and in order to facilitate understanding, a positive mirror or forward measurement and a reverse mirror or reverse measurement are called a rounding.

The error in the backtest angle of a test = 9 2 =

Error in the semi-rounded direction = 9 2 (1 2) = 18