On Alcoholism Question 10, on Alcoholism Questions

Symptoms of chronic alcoholism.

Long-term heavy drinking can cause chronic alcoholism, which damages every organ system of the human body, mainly in the digestive and nervous systems, and has greater damage to the liver and brain. Nausea, vomiting, and drinking a small amount of alcohol in the morning can make the symptoms clear, which is a special manifestation of chronic alcoholism. Alcoholics have a high incidence of gastritis and peptic ulcer, and can also cause fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis and pancreatitis.

The effect on nervous system function is mainly manifested as drug withdrawal syndrome (manifested by tremors, hallucinations, epilepsy, and delirium states), and can also cause polyneuritis. In more severe cases, they curse (drunk) without any memory. People with chronic alcoholism should be made aware of the health risks of alcohol consumption and helped to quit drinking; Give a high-protein diet, multivitamins and folic acid; The drug ** is often averse **, which makes the patient have a sense of aversion and fear of alcohol, and is unwilling to drink again; The drug should be used for several months or half a year, and commonly used drugs such as domestic disulfur and antebus, the latter is highly toxic and can cause nausea, vomiting, hypotension and even death.

What should I do if I get alcoholism?

Most people can enjoy an occasional glass of wine for dinner or over a beer with friends. But for others, one drink becomes two, it becomes four - they can't stop drinking.

Not everyone who is an alcoholic is considered an alcoholic. People who regularly drink enough to affect family or work responsibilities, as well as people who drink in ways that put them in dangerous situations (e.g., sitting behind the wheel of a car while drunk) are said to be alcoholics. Despite the fact that they use alcohol in unhealthy ways, people who suffer from alcohol abuse do not necessarily develop a physical dependence on alcohol.

On the other hand, alcoholics suffer from chronic diseases. They are physically dependent on alcohol. They feel the need to drink, almost like most people feel the need to eat.

Once an alcoholic starts drinking, they can't stop. They develop a tolerance to alcohol and need more and more drinks to feel the same effect. When an alcoholic person tries to reduce or stop drinking, he or she experiences withdrawal symptoms

Sweating, nausea, tremors, anxiety, and delirium tremens (seeing images, shaking violently, confusion).

According to the results of the 2001-2002 National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Diseases (NESARC), more than 17 million Americans abused alcohol or binge drinking. Alcoholism affects men more than women: about 10% of men, compared to 3% to 5% of women, become alcoholics in their lifetime.

Men who drink 14 or more drinks per week and women who drink more than 7 drinks per week are at risk of binge drinking. Alcoholism is more prevalent in younger people (18-44 years) than in older people.

Alcoholism is a condition that many male friends will encounter. In fact, some people don't know where to do it, and in this way, it often delays our best time. This is due to our lack of understanding of the causes and principles of alcoholism.

Let's talk about it specifically.

About one-fifth of the alcohol enters the stomach and is absorbed by the stomach and the rest in the small intestine. It can enter the bloodstream five minutes after drinking. 90% of alcohol is metabolized in the liver into acetaldehyde acetic acid, which produces carbon dioxide and water, which are converted into heat or stored as fat.

It can metabolize 15 ml of alcohol per hour. 10% is excreted from the lungs and kidneys in the form of prototypes.

Alcohol is slowly oxidized and excreted in the human body, and after being absorbed, it accumulates in the blood and tissues (the concentration of alcohol in brain tissue is 10 times that of blood alcohol). In general, the half-life of alcohol degradation in the body is greater than 6 hours.

85% of a person's alcohol consumption is determined by nature, and 15% is changed by training. Alcohol is absorbed in the body's digestive tract and metabolized mainly in the liver. Under physiological conditions, it is metabolized to acetaldehyde by ethanol dehydrogenase, which is then converted into acetyl-CoA by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which is further converted to acetate, and finally generated carbon dioxide and water through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and excreted from the body.

The rate of alcohol metabolism varies from person to person, people with fast alcohol metabolism and slow acetaldehyde metabolism, among the 100 people with the worst alcohol consumption, people belong to this type, one cup of stomach, they will feel uncomfortable, three glasses of stomach, may be unconscious. Those who blush when they drink alcohol are due to the slow metabolism of acetaldehyde. People who metabolize alcohol slowly and acetaldehyde quickly are just the opposite of people who are appealing, and they have the best amount of alcohol.

Alcoholism refers to the accumulation of acetaldehyde in the liver and into the blood circulation, causing dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting, severe impairment of consciousness, and coma. Therefore, the main thing is to promote the excretion of toxic substances, intravenous fluids are needed, and people who are unconscious and comatose need to use the wakefulness promoter naloxone. Only nausea and vomiting, dizziness can use hangover elixir oral liquid.

Refers to a large amount of alcohol (ethanol) or alcohol-containing substances into the body, and then ethanol into the liver under the action of enzymes into acetaldehyde, due to the lack of enzymes in the liver to convert acetaldehyde into acetic acid, resulting in acetaldehyde accumulation in the liver, and into the blood circulation, thereby causing dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting, severe consciousness disorders, coma.

When the concentration of alcohol in the blood is reached, the person begins to get drunk, and when it is reached, various abilities are reduced, the nerves of the brain are paralyzed, and there is a loss of self-control in feelings and actions. The initial phenomenon is high-level nervous palsy, weak moral concepts, and people who used to be silent also talk nonsense and become irritable. Then there was a slurred speech, no coherentness, and a further faltering step.

But now you can still go home. When the concentration of alcohol is reached in the blood, it is life-threatening. You can get drunk to death when you reach it.

Drinking one liter of whisky every hour can be achieved by the concentration of alcohol in the blood.

Everyone knows that the lowest alcohol content is beer, only. Japanese sake is 16%, whiskey and brandy are 35-45%, Russian vodka and French mugwort are 50-70%.

Alcoholism is generally divided into two types: one is acute intoxication with excessive alcohol consumption at one time, and the other is chronic intoxication with long-term drinking. The two causes of poisoning are different, and acute poisoning refers to excessive drinking at one time, regardless of whether or not they have drinking experience in the past.

For example, when children are not at home, they secretly drink a large glass of wine and cause poisoning, which is called acute poisoning. Some people are already drunk, but they still continue to drink, so they get more and more drunk, repeatedly boasting about the amount of Australia, and drinking more, and finally laughing and gaffeing, forming acute poisoning.

When acute poisoning is in a mild stage, there may be vomiting and difficulty urinating. To prevent acute poisoning, do not drink heavily and do not force a toast.

Chronic poisoning is poisoning caused by drinking a small amount of alcohol at one time, but by drinking multiple times in a row. Drinking alcohol from morning to night every day makes the cells in the body feel like they are soaked in alcohol. At this time, not only do I talk and walk, but as soon as I stop drinking, I will have finger tremors, I can't write properly, and I can't even speak clearly.

Physiologically speaking, the harm of alcohol to the human body is, first of all, the liver.

When the liquor enters the human body, 20% is absorbed by the stomach wall and 80% is absorbed by the duodenum, but no matter which channel it takes, the absorbed liquor must be metabolized in the liver to turn harmful into non-toxic.

There are two metabolic enzymes in the liver, ethanol dehydrogenase oxidizes alcohol to acetaldehyde, and acetaldehyde is more toxic than alcohol, so it is necessary to rely on acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to oxidize it to harmless acetic acid, so that the liver completes the detoxification process of alcohol.

Recent studies have shown that the activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase is genetically affected, such as its reduced activity and loss of catalytic ability, unable to decompose acetaldehyde, resulting in the accumulation of acetaldehyde content in the liver, causing toxic hepatitis, fatty liver and cirrhosis.

In Western countries, 20-25% of cirrhosis is caused by alcohol. The low activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, due to the influence of heredity, accounts for about 40-50% of the ChinesePeople can't afford to drink no matter what.

Answer]: A Alcoholism refers to the abnormal state of body function that occurs after the patient drinks a large amount of alcohol (ethanol) at one time, which is the most serious damage to the nervous system and liver, and is divided into the period of excitement and remorse, ataxia and lethargy. In alcoholism, when the blood ethanol concentration reaches 33 mmol l, there will be symptoms of uncoordinated muscle movements, clumsy movements, slurred speech, nystagmus, blurred vision, diplopia, and unstable gait, and obvious ataxia.