The basic types of hydropower plant buildings, what are the types of hydropower stations

1. Ground type:

1. Riverbed workshop: It is built side by side with other buildings such as retaining dams and drainage buildings, and the plant itself also plays a role in retaining water. It is suitable for low water head and large single machine capacity.

The factories of Gezhouba Water Conservancy Hub, Fuchunjiang Hydropower Station, Xijin Hydropower Station and Dahua Hydropower Station are all riverbed plants.

In addition, the gate pier type plant and the drain type plant are also special forms of riverbed type plant.

2. Workshop behind the dam: Located on the downstream side of the water retainer, the water for power generation is introduced into the plant by the pressure pipeline through the dam body. The plant itself does not play a role in retaining water.

It is suitable for medium and high water heads, and the single capacity is large. Danjiangkou Hydropower Station and Panjiakou Hydropower Station adopt this form of workshop.

3. Overflow workshop: Located in the concrete below the overflow dam, the water flows through the top of the plant. It is suitable for the situation that the river valley is narrow, the flood discharge volume is large, the number of units is large, and there is no suitable location to arrange the plant. The Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station adopts an overflow plant.

4. Pick-over-type workshop: Located below the overflow dam, the high-speed water flow crosses the top of the plant and falls into the downstream riverbed during flood discharge. It is suitable for building a high dam in a canyon with a high head and a large flow. The Wujiangdu Hydropower Station plant adopts this method.

5. Dam type workshop: the plant is arranged inside the concrete gravity dam or arch dam, and the pressure pipe enters the plant through the dam body. It is suitable for building a dam in a canyon, and it is not easy to arrange a hydropower plant and an overflow dam on the axis of the dam.

The Youjiang Hydropower Station in Jiangxi Province and the Fengtan Hydropower Station in Hunan Province both adopt the layout of the dam type factory building.

Features: The plant is located downstream of the barrage, immediately after the dam, and is structurally separated from the dam with a permanent seam, and the power generation water is introduced into the plant by the high-pressure pipeline in the dam.

Sometimes, in order to solve the contradiction between the layout of the drainage building and the layout of the factory building, the plant can be arranged into the following types:

Overflow plant. The roof of the plant is used as a spillway to become an overflow plant behind the dam.

Dam type workshop. The plant was moved into the empty stomach of the overflow dam. The factory is located in the riverbed and becomes part of the water-retaining structure.

2) According to the device mode of the main shaft of the unit: vertical unit plant and horizontal unit plant.

Conventional hydropower stations that use the hydropower of rivers and lakes.

A pumped storage power station that uses electric energy at low power load times to pump water to the upper reservoir and then releases water to the lower reservoir to generate power during the peak power load period.

A tidal power station that uses marine tidal energy to generate electricity.

A wave energy power station that uses ocean wave energy to generate electricity.

2. According to the regulation method of natural runoff, it can be divided into: run-of-river hydropower stations with no reservoir or very small reservoirs, and storage hydropower stations with certain regulation capacity of reservoirs.

3. According to the regulation cycle of hydropower station reservoirs, it is divided into multi-year regulation hydropower station, annual regulation hydropower station, weekly regulation hydropower station and daily regulation hydropower station.

4. According to the power generation head, it is divided into high-head hydropower station, medium-head hydropower station and low-head hydropower station.

5. According to the installed capacity, it is divided into large, medium and small hydropower stations.

6. According to the formation mode of the power generation head, the disturbance chamber is divided into: the dam type hydropower station with the dam concentration head, the water diversion type hydropower station with the water diversion system to concentrate the water head, and the mixed hydropower station with the dam and the water diversion system jointly concentrating the water head.

7. According to the nature of the water source, it can be divided into dam hydropower station, Shilongba hydropower station, pumped storage power station and tidal power station.

1. Dam type hydropower station.

2. Riverbed hydropower station.

3. The water diversion and burning hydropower station are bi.

4. Energy storage hydropower station.

5. Tidal power station.

6. Siphon water trail photographing power station.

Summary. Hydropower stations divide the land into the following categories according to the factory building and living area: 1

Production area: The land that includes the plant, equipment, machinery and other production facilities of the hydropower station, as well as the water turbines, generators, transformers and other equipment used for power generation. 2.

Living quarters: including houses, dormitories, canteens, medical facilities, etc., which provide housing and living for staff. 4.

Environmental protection area: including sewage treatment plants, garbage treatment plants, environmental monitoring stations and other environmental protection facilities. These classifications help to plan and manage the land use of hydropower stations, ensuring that the functions of each area are rationally allocated and used to improve the efficiency and safety of hydropower stations.

I'm still a little confused, can you be more detailed?

Hydropower stations divide the land into the following categories according to the factory building and living area: 1Production area:

It includes land for the production of wild bending facilities such as plants, equipment, and machinery for hydropower plants, as well as equipment such as water turbines, generators, and transformers for power generation. 2.Auxiliary area:

This includes housing, dormitories, canteens, medical facilities, etc., which provide housing and living for staff. 4.Environmental Protection Zone:

Including sewage treatment plants, garbage treatment plants, environmental monitoring stations and other environmental protection facilities. These classifications help to plan and manage the land use of hydropower stations, and ensure that the functions of each area are rationally allocated and used to improve the efficiency and safety of hydropower stations.

According to China's current "Water Conservancy and Hydropower Hub Project Classification and Design Standards", hydropower stations can be divided into three main types: large hydropower stations, medium-sized hydropower stations and small hydropower stations according to the scale of power generation. A power station with a capacity of more than 250,000 kilowatts is called a large hydropower station; Among them, more than 750,000 kilowatts are large I type, and between 250,000 and 750,000 kilowatts are 20,000 kilowatts, which are called medium and large type. The power station with a capacity of 250,000 kilowatts is called a medium-sized hydropower station.

The capacity of the power station is less than 10,000 kilowatts, which is called small power station in case of 250,000 kilowatts, and the following 10,000 kilowatts are called small type.

Extension: A hydropower station is a comprehensive engineering facility that converts water energy into electrical energy, also known as a hydropower plant. It includes a series of hydropower station buildings and various hydropower station equipment installed for the production of electricity from hydropower.

The drop of the concentrated natural water flow of these buildings is used to form a water head, collect and regulate the flow of natural water flow, and transmit it to the water turbine, which converts the concentrated water energy into electrical energy through the joint operation of the water wheel infiltration turbine and the generator, and then feeds the electric energy into the power grid through transformers, switch stations and transmission lines. In addition to the buildings required for power generation, some Congxin hydropower stations often have other buildings that serve the purpose of comprehensive utilization such as flood control, irrigation, shipping, timber and fish. The complex of these buildings is called a hydroelectric dam or water hub.

Summary. It shall not be installed in Class A and B workshops or adjacent to each other, and shall not be installed in the dangerous area of ** gas and dust environment; The 10kV and below substation and distribution station for Class A and B factories can be built next to the plant when a firewall without doors and windows is adopted. When the distribution station of the Class B plant really needs to open the window on the firewall, it should use the Class A fireproof window that cannot be opened.

Hello. Can you find it.

There are several conditions that should be followed when the substation and distribution are set up in the plant.

It shall not be installed in Class A and B workshops or adjacent to each other, and shall not be installed in the dangerous area of ** gas and dust environment; The 10kV and below substation and distribution station for Class A and B factories can be built next to the plant when a firewall without doors and windows is adopted. When the distribution station of the Class B plant really needs to open the window on the firewall, it should use the Class A fireproof window that cannot be opened.

Is a substation a factory?

A substation doesn't have to be a factory building.

Some of the substations are renovated from plants.

But at present, there are very few.

All are built independently.

Main plant: Arrange the main power equipment (hydro-generator set) and various auxiliary equipment of the hydropower station, and set up the assembly yard (installation room).

Sub-plant: arranging control equipment, electrical equipment and auxiliary equipment, is the room for the operation, control, monitoring, communication, test, management and work of the hydropower station.

Main transformer yard: The place where the main transformer is installed. The power generated by the hydropower station is boosted by the main transformer and then sent to the user through the transmission line.

High-voltage switch station: a place where equipment such as high-voltage switches, high-voltage busbars and protective measures are installed, from which high-voltage transmission lines are sent to users.

In addition, there are water intakes, tailways and traffic roads in the factory hub.

The main plant, auxiliary plant, main transformer yard, high-voltage switchstation and plant traffic of the hydropower station constitute the hub building of the hydropower station plant, which is generally called the plant hub. The mechanical and hydraulic structures in the hydropower plant are divided into five major systems.

Water flow system. Hydraulic turbines and their inlet and outlet equipment, including pressure pipes, inlet valves in front of hydraulic turbines, volutes, turbines, tailpipes and tailgate gates, etc.

Current system. That is, the electrical primary circuit system, including the generator and its lead-out wire, bus, generator voltage distribution equipment, main transformer and high-voltage switch station, etc.

Electrical control equipment systems. That is, the electrical secondary circuit system, including the side panel, excitation equipment system, control room, various control and operation equipment such as various transformers, meters, relays, control cables, automatic and telecontrol devices, communication and dispatching equipment and other DC systems.

Machinery control equipment systems. Including the speed control equipment of the hydraulic turbine, such as the relay and the operation cabinet, the control equipment of the accident valve, and other operation control equipment such as gates, pressure reducing valves, trash racks, etc.

Ancillary equipment systems. Including installation, overhaul, maintenance, operation of the necessary electrical and mechanical auxiliary equipment, such as plant power system (plant transformer, plant power distribution device, direct current system), oil system, gas system, water system, lifting equipment, all kinds of electrical and mechanical repair room, laboratory, tool room, ventilation and heating equipment, etc. Planar:

Main engine room + installation room.

Main engine room: The hydro-generator set and auxiliary equipment are arranged in the main engine room, which is the main place for operation and management;

Installation room: It is the site used for unloading, unpacking, assembly and maintenance of mechanical and electrical equipment of hydropower station.

Vertical surface: superstructure + substructure (bounded by the floor surface of the generator floor).

Superstructure: Basically similar to the industrial plant, it is basically a plate, beam, column structure system;

Substructure: Large-volume concrete structure, arranged with overflow system, is the foundation of the plant.

1. Dam type hydropower station.

2. Riverbed hydropower station.

3. Diversion hydropower station.

4. Energy storage hydropower station.

5. Tidal power station.

6. Siphon hydropower station.

According to the location of the turbine and the dam: behind the dam, above the dam, diversion, cascade power station. According to the axial position of the turbine: vertical, horizontal. There are also pumped storage power stations. There is no information, just memory, just for reference.