Can anyone tell me about the history and evolution of housework, and who has studied this?

You're not good at that.

When the family emerges as an organization of society, that is, when the problem of housework arises, it can be inferred that it conforms to the needs of social evolution and is also logical.

At least, in China first it was a matrilineal clan.

Later it was the patrilineal clan. Let's talk about these two big ones first, the matrilineal clan must be a woman who controls the power of the family and controls the family's economy, and the man is the auxiliary of the economy, and it is estimated that there will be a lot of housework. Later, it was a patrilineal clan and experienced a slave society, a feudal society, and a socialist society.

In the first two societies, men are the holders of the power of the family, and women are the main body of housework, which is also the embodiment of China's thousands of years of thinking of "men are outside, women are inside"! After liberation, it was socialism, men and women were equal, as if housework was basically done by both men and women; In the present, it seems that the status of women is higher, and men do more housework

It is estimated that in the short term in the future, the low position of women in China will be higher for these reasons: first, the ratio of men and women.

It's 116 100, it's a serious disorder, women are more precious, the unmarried will try to behave in order to win their wives, and the married will also work hard to keep their wives; Second, ** is fueling the fire, and the current TV series are all showing savage girlfriends.

Savage wives and men are little sheep, which will affect the imitation of men and women in life; Third, many men on TV, especially young men, have become very neutral, and some are even very girly, lacking the temperament of a man, and will be in a low position of being dominated; Fourth, hehe, brother is thinking.

Primitive period: men and women divided equally; Feudal period: female protagonist inside, male protagonist outside; Modern: In most of the male protagonists, feminism is on the rise, and the male compatriots are working hard.

The Mid-Autumn Festival originated from the worship of celestial phenomena and evolved from the autumn and evening moon festivals in ancient times. The Mid-Autumn Festival was popularized in the Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty was a period of economic and cultural exchanges and integration between the north and south of China.

According to records, in the Han Dynasty, on the day of the Mid-Autumn Festival or the beginning of autumn, the elderly were respected, the elderly, and the male coarse cake was given. There are also written records of the Mid-Autumn Festival moon appreciation in the Jin Dynasty, but it is not very common, and the Mid-Autumn Festival moon viewing custom is not very popular in the north during the Jin Dynasty.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become a common folk festival, and the 15th day of August in the lunar calendar is officially designated as the Mid-Autumn Festival. By the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Mid-Autumn Festival had become one of the main festivals of Chinese folk. Since 2008, Chinese mainland has made the Mid-Autumn Festival a statutory holiday, and if it coincides with Saturday and Sunday, it will be a day off on the following Monday.

The fifteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China, "the brightest moonlight of the year, when thousands of miles of people enjoy it together". The Mid-Autumn Festival is named because it coincides with the half of the three autumns, and is also called the reunion festival or the moon night, the mid-autumn festival, the August festival, etc. According to expert research, among the three traditional Chinese festivals - Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival is the latest.

However, like other traditional festivals, the Mid-Autumn Festival has a long history, which can be traced back to ancient moon worship customs and autumn rituals.

According to the records of "Zhou Li", the Zhou Dynasty had the activities of "Mid-Autumn Festival Night Greeting the Cold" and "Autumn Equinox and Moon (Moon Worship)"; In the middle of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, it is the time of the autumn grain harvest, and people hold a series of ceremonies and celebrations in order to thank the gods for their protection, called "autumn newspaper". In the Mid-Autumn Festival, the temperature is already cool, the sky is high and cool, and the moon is bright in the middle of the sky, which is the best season to watch the moon. As a result, the moon festival was gradually replaced by moon viewing, and the color of the festival gradually faded, but the festival continued and was given a new meaning.

In the evolution of the Mid-Autumn Festival, ancient rituals and customs were combined with many myths and legends and many other elements of traditional Chinese culture to form an important festival with rich connotations. Among them, the most famous is a series of myths around the Moon Palace, such as Chang'e Running to the Moon, Wu Gang Cutting Gui, Tang Ming Emperor Visiting the Moon Palace, etc., which give the Moon Palace a mysterious and gorgeous halo like colorful neon, making it full of romance. In the Tang Dynasty, the custom of enjoying the moon and drinking in the Mid-Autumn Festival has been quite popular.

From the many poems that have been handed down to describe the Mid-Autumn Festival, it can be seen that myths such as Chang'e running to the moon were associated with the Mid-Autumn Festival moon viewing at that time. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival may have become a fixed festival. However, at that time, the Mid-Autumn Festival seemed to be mainly based on moon viewing and playing with the moon, and it was not widely popular among the people.

The formal formation of the Mid-Autumn Festival, especially among the people, should be a matter of the Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, August 15 was officially designated as the Mid-Autumn Festival, and there was a festival food of "small cakes such as chewing the moon, and there are crisps and syrup", and festival activities such as moon appreciation, moon cakes, laurel appreciation, and tide watching became a common practice. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Mid-Autumn Festival began to be as famous as New Year's Day, becoming the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival.

Every Mid-Autumn Festival, each family should set up a "moonlight position", prepare melons and fruits moon cakes, "worship to the moon", the moon cakes must be round, melons and fruits cut into lotus-like tooth petals. Market ** moonshine paper, painted with patterns such as the moon god and the jade rabbit pounding medicine. After the moon sacrifice, the moonshine paper is burned, and the fruit cakes are distributed to each member of the family.

The Mid-Autumn Festival is a day of family reunion, people give each other moon cakes to express good wishes, and many families also set up a banquet to enjoy the moon, a festival of grandeur.

Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Mid-Autumn Festival has increasingly occupied an important position in people's lives, not only throughout the country, but also in many ethnic minorities in China and Southeast Asia. On the basis of activities such as admiring the moon and eating moon cakes, various localities have gradually developed a variety of festivals such as "selling rabbits", "tree Mid-Autumn Festival", "fire dragon dance", "walking the moon", etc., making the Mid-Autumn Festival as a traditional festival in China have more cultural connotations and more charming.

In 1858, the American Smith made the world's first washing machine, the main part of which was a round barrel with a straight shaft with paddle-like leaves. The shaft is rotated by shaking the crank to which it is attached. In the same year, Smith obtained a patent for this washing machine.

The washing machine was not popularized because it was laborious and damaged to the clothes, but it marked the beginning of the use of machines for laundry.

The following year, a washing machine appeared in Germany that used a pestle as a stirrer, and when the pestle moved up and down, the wooden nails equipped with springs acted continuously on the clothes. At the end of the 19th century, the washing machine was developed again, with the handle to turn the octagonal laundry tank, the tank was filled with hot soapy water during washing, and after the clothes were washed, the clothes were squeezed dry by the rolling device.

The first electric washing machine was made in Chicago in 1910 by Fisher in the United States. But after this electric washing machine entered the market, it did not sell well. It was after the First World War that washing machines were really accepted.

In 1922, Snyder of the United States invented a stirring electric washing machine and mass-produced it in Iowa. The following year, a German manufacturer also produced a washing machine heated by a coal stove. This type of washing machine has a container with a small hole, and after the clothes are put in, the shaft connected to the container is driven by an electric motor, so that the container is constantly moving in a reverse direction.

The first automatic washing machine was introduced in 1937. It's one of a kind"Front-loaded"automatic washing machine. The washing tank is driven by a horizontal shaft, and the washing tank can hold 4000 grams of clothes.

The garment is constantly tumbling up and down in a tank filled with water to decontaminate and descale. In the 40s, the modern one appeared"Top-mounted"automatic washing machine.

I looked for something and don't know if it would work for you.

Classification of cross talk.

According to the number of actors, cross talk can be divided into: