Why do some Tang poems understand that the meaning of words is endless?

First of all, because of the blending of poetry scenes, if you understand the scenery and the feelings, you can understand the meaning.

For example, Du Fu's spring hope, "When I feel the tears, I hate the birds." The poet transferred the feelings of worrying about the country and the people to the flowers and birds. The dewy flowers seem to shed sad tears because they are worried about the fortunes of the country, and the birds that chirp among the branches seem to regret and be frightened when they see the people who have left the chaos.

If the poet expresses his emotions directly, it seems too flat and straightforward, but with the expression of the scene and the expression of the object, the reader can read without hindrance, and can also experience the subtle beauty. <>

Another example is Li Bai's "Silent Night Thoughts": look up at the bright moon and look down at your hometown. Associating homesickness with the full moon in the sky gives the emotion a concrete sustenance.

And this connection is caused by the characteristics of the moon, because no matter where you look up, you can see the moon, and the Mid-Autumn moon symbolizes reunion, so the reader can also feel homesick when he sees the moon, and can feel the poet's emotions and resonate. This is an example of the imagery of abstract feelings. <>

Second, we need to understand that the so-called understanding of words is also tempered, which is precisely the manifestation of superb poetic skills.

The so-called elephant is invisible, the sound is loud, the work is simple, it is easy to pile up words, and it is difficult to return to the basics. "The desert is lonely, the sun sets on the long river", the most common scenery, the simplest adjective, why is there a meaning when arranged? A closer look shows that this is not a simple accumulation of words, but an artistic process.

The desert is against the long river, and the lonely smoke is against the sunset, this is the rhetoric of the battle. Straight and circle, precisely geometric forms, can make up the picture, so we can imagine this scene out of thin air. There are paintings in poems, and there are poems in paintings, which is this kind of realm, which is beyond the reach of ordinary people.

Of course, the artistry of Tang poetry is not based on the standard of understanding as words, but the meaning of poetry is the goal to pursue.

Some Tang poems are as clear as words, why can they always make people feel infinitely meaningful? The logic of the subject seems to be: is the vernacular poetry relative to the infinite meaning?

Not necessarily. In fact, the ancient Chinese believed that simplicity and lack of decoration and meaningfulness are the embodiment of skill. Moreover, there is no necessary relationship between meaning and rhetoric.

In the Han Dynasty, for example, "Nineteen Ancient Poems" was mostly in the vernacular. Look at these sentences: Sijun makes people old, and the years are too late.

In the world of life, suddenly like a traveler. Life is like a sudden, and there is no gold and stone solidity in life. It is better to drink fine wine and be served with vegetarian food.

For the sake of being happy and timely, how can you stay in Laiz. Including Cao Cao's "Short Song Xing": Singing about wine, the geometry of life, such as morning dew, there is a lot of hardship in the past.

Including Cao Zhi's "Good Deeds": The coming day is a big disaster, dry mouth and dry lips, and today's happiness should be liked. It's all as clear as words, but it smells, right?

Because poetry didn't pay much attention to embellishment at the beginning. The innocent sentences in the Book of Songs, if you look closely, they are all chatting, but the text is broad. The so-called refining words and sentences, the real great master is Cao Zhi.

But there is a repetition of his attitude. Zhong Rong believes that Cao Zhi "starts and works a lot" ("high platform and many sad winds, the morning sun shines in the northern forest"), carefully refining words ("frightening wind and white sun", "Zhu Hua braving the green pool"), neat couplets ("diving fish leaping clear waves, good birds singing high branches"), tone harmony ("lonely souls soar to the old city, coffins send to Beijing"), and far-reaching conclusions ("go to Mo Fu Dao, sorrow makes people old"). Cao Zhi is consciously grooming, so Zhong Rong wants to say that Cao Zhi's appearance is "a good way to be a person".

But in the later era, it was a bit back to simplicity, and I felt that Tao Yuanming was better with less embellishment. The mountain weather is good, and the birds are returning. For example, Wang Fuzhi of the Qing Dynasty thought that from the perspective of returning to simplicity, Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing" was excellent, but Zhong Rong thought that "the rate is as contemptuous as an occasional language", which is too vulgar and not good.

I just want to prove that the meaning of good poetry is not necessarily proportional to the rhetoric. For example, "Nineteen Ancient Poems", such as Tao Yuanming, such as Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing", are all simple and meaningful good poems.

The so-called rhetoric is proportional to the meaning, and the emphasis on the words is luxuriant, which is the view of Zhong Rong's period, and it was not popular later. Therefore, there is no necessary connection between the vernacular and the meaning. <>

Hanshan Temple outside the city of Gusu, the bell rings in the middle of the night to the passenger ship. Simply sketch the scene, and the picture, sound, and situation are all there. Lanxi three days of peach blossom rain, in the middle of the night carp to the beach.

The same is a situational description, picturesque. It's all very simple, what's so good about it? Picture sense, synaesthesia.

Withered vines and old trees, faint crows, small bridges and flowing water, ancient roads and westerly winds and thin horses. The sun is setting, and the heartbroken man is at the end of the world. - Tianjingsha "Ma Zhiyuan" Although it is a yuan song, this is a typical one.

In ancient Chinese poetry, there has always been this tradition: the display of objects and images, outlining the painting environment. Wang Wei's poems, "There are paintings in poems, and poems in paintings"?

Just because he is good at writing: "The desert is lonely, and the sun sets on the long river". "The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring stone is upstream".

Less discussion, less abstraction, more use of concrete nouns, and display a large number of images that can be used as symbols. <>

Chinese poetry, a technique of symbolic aesthetics, image arrangement, and creating a sense of picture to enhance meaning, may be insensitive to Chinese themselves, but it is very enlightening to Westerners. Ezra Pound likes to translate Chinese poetry. And his famous "Subway Platform" is actually the use of ancient Chinese poetry:

the apparition of these faces in the crowd；(These faces flash miraculously in the crowd; ）petals on a wet, black bough.(A few petals on wet black branches.) It's also about narrating the picture, rendering the picture, and that's it.

Therefore, Chinese poetry, calligraphy and painting are not separated, this is the truth. Chinese poetry itself is an aesthetic education, and its meaning often comes from the picture and the feelings evoked, so everyone likes to discuss the feeling of entering the scene, which is an experience and a feeling, and has no necessary relationship with rhetoric. <>

Where does the Jun family live? The concubine lived in Hengtang. Stop the boat and ask for a while, or I am afraid that it is a fellow villager. This is as clear as the words, the meaning is endless, and the Song people can't look at it.

Tang poetry is the quintessence of China, and it is also the crystallization of the wisdom and artistic power of the ancients. It has a magical power that can attract everyone's exploration of "beauty", and at the same time attract readers to think about life, country, and certain emotions. The characteristic of this kind of art is that the most ordinary scenery and the most straightforward words are finally condensed and the most profound emotions and truths are conveyed to the readers.

So how did Tang poetry achieve that the language is as clear as the words, but the meaning is endless? Personally, I think there are several reasons.

In Tang poetry, there are very few people who blindly discuss or lyricize alone, and basically use the form of borrowing scenery to lyric. Because the more vividly the scene is written, the more intense the discussion it arouses, so that the emotional tendencies expressed by the poet are more obvious, and finally the reader can resonate. Subtlety and restraint are not only Chinese etiquette, but also a common feature of artworks.

Therefore, in order to express emotions, poets will not express their hearts directly, but turn their heads to write scenes, the more vivid the scenes, the stronger the emotions contained in them, this is a unique art. The reason why Tang poetry is straightforward but full of meaning is also because it achieves a blend of scenes.

The reason why Tang poetry seems to have a lot of connotation is because it delves into the details of life. People often say that "art is better than life, but it is higher than life". In the process of writing scenes, Tang poems actively seek out various materials and images, use them to mobilize emotions, and then provoke discussions, so that the theme is naturally ready to come out, which makes people unsatisfied.

For example, "snow" often represents loneliness, which is a summary of life experience, and the poet applies it to artistic creation, and eventually becomes a special image of a bird.

Poetry creation often pays attention to the word "refining", which is another important reason why the language of Tang poetry is straightforward but profound, after all, if you write poems in the vernacular, the beauty of art will be gone, and if you write poems in obscure language, it will be completely separated from the reader. Therefore, the word "refining is nai wang" is a great test of the poet's creative skills, and many great poets in the Tang Dynasty were proficient in "refining" the word.

Because many Tang poems are made by the author in his spare time, but they have to pay attention to the rhythm when they make poems, and they also want to express their emotions.

Some Tang poems are made by some more introverted poets, who will not express their feelings in a literal sense, but need to read them continuously, and you will get affectionate meanings.

is because they imitated Li Bai's writing style, because Li Bai just felt that it was better to be simple and easy to understand. Li Bai was a poet immortal in the Tang Dynasty.

First of all, from the perspective of culture, we have to admit that the Chinese language is broad and profound. Ancient poems often have few words, and they have all kinds of styles and infinite meanings. However, it should be added that its far-reaching meaning is not only the unique charm of Tang poetry, but also reflects the charm of Chinese language and literature and Chinese culture for 5,000 years, including the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, modern and contemporary times, which also shows from the side why Chinese culture has a long history and is endless, because Chinese culture is not a single one.

1. A dead culture, but a living, vital culture.

Secondly, in terms of personal reading experience, there are tens of millions of Hamlets for every 10 million readers. Due to the differences in life experience, understanding, era, education and other aspects between each reading individual, and even between readers and poets, the reading experience, resonance and understanding of poetry are different, so the charm of poetry lies in the fact that you can find an angle that fits your soul to interpret it. Similarly, from the perspective of an individual's own reading development, with the growth of personal experience and knowledge, even if it is the same poem, there will be a sense of "reading often and always new".

Thirdly, from the professional perspective of literature, the use of various rhetorical devices by poets will also cause the polysemy of the poems. Take Li Shangyin, an influential poet in the late Tang Dynasty, for example, his poems are often characterized by polysemy, and their poetic meaning is ethereal and difficult to find, but it provides readers with a variety of interpretations. For example, we are familiar with "Untitled":

Jin Se gratuitously fifty strings, one string and one pillar Si Hua Nian. Zhuang Shengxiao dreams of butterflies, and hopes that the emperor will trust the cuckoo in spring. There are tears in the pearl of the sea and the moon, and the blue field is warm and the jade is smoking. This situation can be recalled, but it was already clear at the time. ”

There are no jerky words in the whole poem, and it can be said that everyone recited it at the time, but its meaning is difficult to find, and the debate about the theme of the last line of the poem has never ceased since ancient times. Li Shangyin is good at using spiritual imagery to depict artistic conception, he likes to use allusions, but he often uses allusions not because he wants to express the ancient meaning, but to use allusions to express feelings, and combine several seemingly unrelated images together to form a new artistic conception. Some poems seem simple, but they imply the poet's emotions.

Nowadays, people often have a mistake when reading literature, that is, they always can't wait to dig out its main idea, as if they have got all of it. Just like the reading comprehension questions in Chinese, they will always give people a given general idea and central idea of the paragraph. When it comes to literary appreciation, Wang Anyi also said:

I'm very afraid that others will analyze the works and deconstruct them with eighteen kinds of martial arts, and good works cannot be analyzed. One sand, one world, one poetry. Sometimes when we read a poem, we don't have to think about its meaning, because poetry itself is art, and good art is usually incomprehensible or even unsolvable.

Enjoy the hazy artistic conception brought to you by poetry, this charm itself is beautiful.

Language represents a way of thinking, and Chinese focuses on artistic conception, like ink painting.