What is a primitive society and how did people live in primitive societies?

It is a type of social organization in the theory of cultural anthropology, based on kinship relations, with a small population and an egalitarian distribution of economic life. Control over society is maintained by tradition and patriarchy, without customary law and power.

In a typical primitive society, there is no full-time leader. People of the same age and sex have the same social status. In the event of a dispute, mediation is conducted in accordance with traditional norms, which are generally observed.

There are primitive societies all over the world, in a variety of forms. Some were dominated by hunting and gathering economies, others by fishing, or by simple natural agriculture, and tribal organization was characteristic of some primitive societies, but not all of them. According to the theories of cultural evolutionists, some primitive societies have maintained an egalitarian nature, while others have gradually become hierarchical societies and have developed into chiefdoms, which are more complex in their form of organization.

1. Eat. In the beginning, primitive people did not know how to cultivate at all, they could only rely on the weather for food, and lived by hunting, fishing, and picking wild fruits in the mountains and forests. Later, I slowly learned to use fire, and then I began to eat cooked food.

2. Stay. At first, they could only live in the wild, but they were often affected by wild animals and the weather, so they moved to trees or caves. It wasn't until they learned how to use the tools that they slowly began to build a house, and their house was very simple, it was built with some thatch and trees, and it was all over the place

3. I wear it. In the beginning, it was a simple fabric woven from natural fibers to make clothes. Later, he learned to raise silkworms and use the silk spit out by silkworms to make clothes.

Make a fire with bricks and wood, and go out hunting.

In primitive societies, people lived by hunting.

The state of the productive forces in primitive society is that laborers with little production experience and labor skills, and a very low level of knowledge, use extremely rudimentary stone production tools for a long period of time, and take the processing and transformation of very limited natural objects as the object of labor.

The relations of production in primitive societies are: the means of production are collectively owned by the clan commune, the members of the clan form a primitive relationship of equality and mutual assistance in the common production and labor, and the members of the clan distribute consumer goods equally. The relations of production in primitive societies adapted to the extremely low productivity of the time, and for most of the time, promoted the slow development of the productive forces.

Primitive society. Ancient times refer to the long historical period from the emergence of humans to the formation of states (from about 1.7 million years ago to 2070 BC), that is, primitive societies. This era has gone through about two to three million years.

Matrilineal clans. Human society was born when Australopithecus came to live on the ground from trees and used stones and sticks as tools of labor. At first, people formed small groups of a few dozen people and lived a life of wool and blood.

The history of such groups is quite long, accounting for at least 99.7% of the time in human history. About 10,000 years ago, the organization of human society developed into collective clan communes based on blood relations. In the early days, clan members were related according to their mother's lineage, which was called a matrilineal clan.

Within the clan, the most prestigious person is democratically elected by the clan members to serve as the chief. During the matrilineal clan period, the five continents of the world were inhabited by humans. With the development of production, the labor status of men became more and more important, and kinship was determined by paternal blood, and patrilineal clans were born.

Later, the clan was replaced by a rural commune consisting of a group of families living in a certain area who were not necessarily related to each other.

Patrilineal clans. Primitive societies are societies without private property and exploitation, and at the same time societies with extremely low levels of production. The earliest humans used simple stone tools and wooden sticks to collect roots, stems, seeds, and fruits of plants, and hunted animals for food.

By the time of the clan communes, people had been able to drill holes in polished stone tools, attach wooden handles, make stone axes, stone hoes, and spears with pointed stones, and also invent fish hooks, fishing nets, artificial fire, and pottery. Advances in tools have led to a great improvement in living conditions. During the matrilineal clan period, people were able to build wooden houses and live a settled life, and later cultivated crops such as wheat, barley, rice, and corn, and domesticated and raised dogs, sheep, pigs, cows, donkeys, horses, etc., and primitive agriculture and animal husbandry were born.

During the patrilineal clan period, handicrafts also developed, and textiles, pottery making, oil extraction, and sake brewing became specialized industries. Residents of some areas began to master the technology of metal smelting. The development of production also brought about surplus products, resulting in the differentiation between the rich and the poor, and then the emergence of private ownership and classes, and the intensification of contradictions between various social groups.

These have led to the emergence of states. This was the end of primitive society.

Primitive humans created language and hieroglyphics in productive labor. Language and writing have also promoted the accumulation and expansion of human knowledge, and culture has also developed. Hominids have created the earliest paintings, ** and[1] dances.

Due to the limitations of one's own ability and understanding, totem worship, nature worship, and ancestor worship are intertwined to constitute a primitive religion. There were also priests in control of the theocracy in the upper echelons of the clan, who defended the already existing divide between rich and poor, hastening the disintegration of primitive society.