How to strengthen the centralization of power? What is totalitarianism?

The main measures to strengthen the centralization of power are:

1.Collect elite soldiers, hold the military power in the hands of **, do not let the place sit big, and cannot fight **.

2.The right to collect finance, most of the fiscal revenue will be collected, and only a small number of local finances will be left to the local government.

3.Gather outstanding talents for the best use.

Weaken local power and strengthen ** power.

Centralization refers to a leadership system in which the decision-making power of all affairs of an administrative organization is concentrated in the higher-level organization, and the lower-level organization is in a passive and controlled position, and everything is handled according to the orders of the superior or adhering to the instructions of the superior, and there is only the executive power but no decision-making power. Such as the ancient ** centralized system and the modern centralized system of party leaders. The centralization system and the decentralization system are distinguished by the degree of division of authority between the upper and lower levels of leadership.

Centralization is a form of organization in which the authority of enterprise operation and management is concentrated in the upper echelons of the enterprise. His characteristics are: 1. Most of the business decision-making power is concentrated in the hands of senior leaders. 2. There is more control over subordinates.

3. Unified operation. 4. Unified accounting. The advantages are:

1. It is conducive to centralized leadership and coordination of the activities of various departments. 2. It is conducive to the specialization of management work and improves the efficiency of management activities.

It is prominently manifested in the centralization of power, which is a political system in which state power is concentrated. In countries where this system is practiced, local governments at all levels are uniformly obeyed and implement their laws, decrees, policies, directives and orders. In capitalist countries, whether unitary or federal, political power is becoming more and more concentrated, and centralization tends to be strengthened.

Since the Qin and Han dynasties, China has always been a centralized country. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the unified leadership of the people, regional ethnic autonomy was implemented in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, and in general administrative areas, the principle of giving full play to local initiative and enthusiasm under the unified leadership of the People's Republic of China was also followed, which is the trend and direction of the development of China's centralized system.

Excessive centralization has brought various drawbacks, the main of which are as follows:

1. Reduce the quality of decision-making.

In a highly centralized organization, with the expansion of the scale of the organization, the top managers of the organization are far away from the grassroots level, and the problems that occur at the grassroots level are reported after layers of instructions and reports, which not only affects the correctness of decision-making, but also affects the timeliness of decision-making.

2. Reduce the adaptability of the organization.

Organizations in a dynamic environment must constantly adapt to changes in the environment. An overly centralized organization may make various departments lose the ability to adapt and self-adjust, thereby weakening the resilience of the organization as a whole.

3. It is not conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of subordinates.

Due to the high degree of centralization, almost all decision-making power is concentrated in the top management, and as a result, middle and lower managers become pure executors, who do not have any decision-making power, voice and autonomy. Over time, their motivation, creativity, and initiative will be eroded, their enthusiasm for work will be lost, and their level of concern for the organization will be diminished.

4. Hindering the exchange of information.

In a highly centralized organization, because there are multiple levels of management between the decision-making level, that is, the top management and the middle and lower level of the executive unit, the information transmission route is long, and there are many links, so the exchange of information is relatively difficult, making it difficult to convey the situation.

Centralization and decentralization are primarily relative concepts. Centralization refers to a certain degree of concentration of decision-making power at a higher level in an organizational system. in the management of the organization.

Centralization and decentralization are relative, and absolute centralization or absolute decentralization are impossible.

There are several criteria for measuring the degree of centralization or decentralization of an organization:

1. The number of decisions. The greater the number of decisions made at the lower levels of management in an organization, the greater the degree of decentralization; Conversely, the greater the number of decisions at the top, the higher the degree of centralization.

2. The scope of decision-making. The broader the scope of lower-level decision-making in an organization and the more functions involved, the higher the degree of decentralization. Conversely, the wider the scope of decision-making at the upper level and the more functions involved, the higher the degree of centralization.

3. The importance of decision-making. If the decisions made at the lower levels of the organization are more important and widespread, the higher the degree of decentralization; Conversely, if the decisions made by the subordinates are more minor and have less impact, the higher the degree of centralization.

4. The degree of control over decision-making. For decisions made at the lower levels of the organization, the lower the degree of review required by superiors, the higher the degree of decentralization; If the superior does not require the review of the subordinate's decision-making at all, the degree of decentralization is the greatest; If the decision has to be reported to the higher authorities immediately after the decision, the degree of decentralization is less; If decisions can only be made after consulting with superiors, there is less decentralization. Subordinates need to ask for instructions or notes when making decisions.

The fewer people, the greater the degree of decentralization.

First, the local important ** is appointed by **; Second, important laws and regulations are formulated by ** and promulgated for implementation throughout the country; Third, the finances of each local government are controlled by the first place.

1 Three Princes and Nine Secretaries. 2. Adopt the title of emperor. 3. Abolish the division of feudal counties and counties.

Disadvantages of excessive centralization:

Correctly handling the relationship between centralization and decentralization is crucial to the survival and development of an organization. Judging from the actual situation of domestic enterprises, there is a general tendency of many organizations to be overly centralized. Excessive centralization will bring a series of drawbacks, mainly manifested in:

Excessive centralization: 1) The quality of decision-making is low and the effectiveness is poor.

2) Poor adaptability.

3) The top management is caught up in affairs and it is difficult to concentrate on the big things.

4) Hindering the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of members.

A sign of decentralization.

The most fundamental indicator of the degree of centralization or decentralization of an organization is to see whether the various decision-making powers in the organization are centralized or decentralized. Specifically, the main indicators to judge the degree of centralization or decentralization of an organization are:

1) The number and type of decisions involved.

2) The degree of concentration of the whole process of slag decision-making.

and 3) the degree to which subordinate decisions are controlled.

The way to achieve decentralization.

Decentralization can be achieved in two ways: one is to change the institutional allocation of management authority by organizational design; The second is to promote the full empowerment of supervisors in their work. The former is a redesign of the power relationship in the organization, and it is an organizational change.

process; The latter is to systematically delegate decision-making power to middle and lower managers through the power delegation behavior of leaders at all levels in the operation of the organization, so that they can earnestly obtain the power stipulated by the organizational system.

The disadvantages of a high degree of centralization.

In the early stage of the establishment of an enterprise, due to the influence of factors such as cost and scale, it is generally signed by several major shareholders as small as the approval of expenses and the allocation of funds. But as the enterprise continues to grow and develop, this highly centralized management style shows its drawbacks:

First, in essence, it did not play the role of examination and approval. The mountain of reimbursement invoices piled up every day needs to be signed and approved by shareholders, and it is estimated that the boss does not have time to verify whether the expenses are reasonable one by one? Is the ticket genuine? Generally, the secretary is asked to stamp a seal, and this approval cannot play a supervisory role.

Second, the supervision department has lost its role. Because all the bills have the approval of the boss, although the financial department, the audit department and other supervisory agencies have objections to the reasonableness of the bills, they do not dare to put forward.

3. Middle-level cadres.

The power is out of control. Because the middle-level cadres knew about the above two kinds of scattered answers, they began to spend unscrupulously, but for the huge sales, the proportion of expenses is very small, and it cannot attract the attention of the management level.

The situation is out of control.

If you look at the example of our past feudal society, the social development of the good emperor and the garbage emperor when they were in power, it is easy to understand the disadvantages of excessive centralization.

Concentration of power is prone to mistakes.

The reason why the organizational design of the enterprise combines centralization and decentralization as a basic principle to guide the hierarchical design is as follows:

The combination of centralization and decentralization is the basic structural form to ensure that the two complement each other's strengths. There are advantages and disadvantages to the centralization and decentralization of enterprises, and only by combining them can we promote our own strengths and our own shortcomings. As far as centralization is concerned, it is conducive to unified leadership and command, and strengthen the control of middle and lower-level organizations, which is of great significance for implementing the business strategy of enterprises, rationally utilizing enterprise management resources, and improving the overall efficiency of enterprises, but centralization will also limit the initiative and creativity of middle and lower-level managers, increase the workload of senior leaders, and also affect the cultivation of overall management personnel.

The advantage of decentralization is that it can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of centralization, however, it is easy to produce a tendency to deviate from the overall goal of the enterprise, which makes it difficult to coordinate among the various decentralization units, and the result is detrimental to the improvement of the overall efficiency of the enterprise. Therefore, only by establishing a power structure that combines centralization and decentralization can enterprises make use of their strengths and complement each other's weaknesses and achieve good results that complement each other.