When was cement invented, and when was cement invented

In the middle of the 18th century, the world's first industrial nation, England, was rapidly rising, and maritime traffic was exceptionally busy. In 1774, engineer Smitton was commissioned to build a lighthouse in the English Channel to guide the navigation of passing ships.

This stumped Smilton. Bricklaying with lime mortar under water? As soon as the mortar sees the water, it becomes a thin field.

Sinking into the sea with stones? How can it withstand the impact of the waves? After countless experiments, he finally burned limestone, clay, sand, and iron slag with rice, crushed it, mixed it with water, and then injected it into the water, and the mixture was not diluted in the water, but became stronger and stronger.

In this way, he finally built the first beacon lighthouse in the English Channel.

Soon, a stonemason named Yasputin in England found the most suitable proportion of lime, clay, iron slag and other raw materials, and further perfected the method of producing this mixture. In 1824, Yasputin was granted a patent for this invention. Because the color and strength of this gum material after hardening are very similar to the stone produced in Portland, he named it "Portland Cement".

Since then, the name of this man-made stone, the peculiar stone, "cement", has been used.

In 1756, the English engineer JWhen studying the properties of certain limes to harden in water, Smiton found that to obtain hydraulic lime, limestone containing clay must be used for firing; The ideal composition of masonry mortar for underwater construction is hydraulic lime and volcanic ash.

This important discovery laid a theoretical foundation for the research and development of modern cement.

In 1796, the Englishman JParker fired a type of cement from marl, which has a brown appearance, much like a mixture of lime and volcanic ash from ancient Roman times, and named it Nightshade Cracked Roman Cement. Because it is made of natural marl as raw material and fired directly without ingredients, it is also known as natural cement.

It has good hydraulic hardness and fast setting characteristics, and is especially suitable for projects in contact with water.

In 1813, the French civil engineer Pico discovered that lime and clay were mixed three to one to make the cement of the canopy.

In 1824, Joseph Aspdin, an English construction worker, invented cement and patented Portland cement. He used limestone and clay as raw materials, combined in a certain proportion, calcined the mature material in a vertical kiln similar to burnt lime, and then grinded it to make cement. It was named Portland Cement because its hardened color was similar to the stone used for construction in Portland, England Island.

It has excellent architectural performance and is of epoch-making significance in the history of cement.

In 1907, Bée in France used bauxite from aluminum ore instead of clay and mixed limestone to make cement. Because this cement contains a large amount of alumina, it is called "bauxite cement".

In 1871, the construction of a cement plant began in Japan.

In 1877, Crampton of England invented the rotary furnace, which was reformed into a better rotary furnace by Lansom in 1885.

In 1889, near the Kaiping Coal Mine in Tangshan, Hebei Province, China, a Tangshan "Fine Cotton" Plant was set up to produce with vertical kilns. In 1906, on the basis of the plant, Qixin Ash Company was established, with an annual output of 40,000 tons of cement.

In 1893, Hideyuki Endo and Misada Utsumi invented Portland cement, which was not afraid of seawater.

In the 20th century, while continuously improving the performance of Portland cement, people successfully developed a number of cements suitable for special construction projects, such as high-alumina cement, special cement, etc. There are more than 100 types of cement in the world, and the annual output of cement in 2007 was about 2 billion tons. In 1952, China formulated the first national unified standard, which determined that cement production should be based on the principle of multiple varieties and multiple labels, and renamed Portland cement according to the main mineral composition it contained, and later changed to Portland cement.

In 2012, China's cement output reached 100 million tons, accounting for more than 50% of the world's output.

Cement was invented in 1824 when British construction worker Joseph Asputin invented cement and acquired Portland.

Patents for cement. He used limestone and clay as raw materials, combined according to a certain proportion, calcined the mature material in a vertical kiln similar to burnt lime, and then grinded it into cement by Mingqichang. Because the color of the hardened cement is the same as that of England.

The stone used for construction in Portland on the island is similar, and it has excellent performance in building hunger ridges, which is of epoch-making significance in the history of cement.

In 1824, the British engineer Aspdih obtained the first cement patent, marking the invention of cement. The invention of cement provided a material basis for the development of construction engineering.

It has developed from land engineering to underwater and underground engineering. Cement has a history of more than 100 years since its invention, and it has always been the most widely used and most used cementitious material.

Cementitious materials refer to materials that can cement bulk materials (such as sand, stone) or block materials (such as bricks, tiles, etc.) into a whole in construction projects.

Cement is in powder form, mixed with water, after physical and chemical process, it can be transformed from a plastic slurry into a hard stone, and can cement the bulk material into a whole, which is a good mineral cementitious material. Cement can not only be hardened in air, but also better hardened in water, maintain and develop strength, so cement is a hydraulic cementitious material, which can be used in aboveground, underground, and water engineering.

In order to meet the needs of different construction projects, the variety of cement has been increasing, and it has reached more than 200 kinds. Therefore, cement is often classified according to the characteristics of the following aspects.

1) According to the main hydraulic substance of cement: Portland cement (the main hydraulic substance is calcium silicate), aluminate cement (the main hydraulic substance is calcium aluminate), sulfoaluminate cement (the main hydraulic substance is calcium sulfoaluminate), etc. Because their hydraulics are different, their properties are also different, such as aluminate cement sets quickly.

High early strength, good heat resistance and sulfate corrosion resistance; Sulfoaluminate cement will expand in volume after hardening, etc.

2) According to the use of cement, it is divided into: general cement (used in general construction projects, mainly five kinds of cement of Portland), special cement (refers to cement suitable for special purposes, including dam cement, oil well cement, masonry cement, etc.), special cement (cement with a more prominent certain performance, such as expansion cement, low-heat cement, colored cement, white cement, etc.).

Among the many cement varieties, Portland cement is the most basic and most used type of cement, and this type of cement is also commonly used in interior decoration. In addition, white cement and colored cement were used in the decoration.

On October 21, 1824, the plasterer of Leeds, England, J. Aspaudine

aspdin) was awarded UK No. 5022".

Portland Cement" patent certificate, thus becoming the inventor of cement in one fell swoop.

The manufacturing method of "Portland cement" described in his patent certificate is: "limestone is pounded into a fine powder, mixed with a certain amount of clay, mixed with water, and then mixed into a slurry by hand or machinery." Put the slurry on a plate, heat and dry.

The dry material is beaten into blocks, and then loaded into a lime kiln for calcination until the carbon dioxide gas in the limestone completely escapes. After calcination, the calcined block is cooled and crushed to make cement. When using cement, a small amount of water is added and mixed into a mortar of appropriate consistency, which can be applied to a variety of different working occasions.

The color of the cement after hydration hardening is similar to the color of building stone in Portland, England, so it is called "Portland cement".

The history of the invention of Portland cement is difficult to describe, but it is believed that a British builder, J. Aspdin, obtained the patent in October 1824. He calcined the limestone into lime, mixed it with clay, added water to grind it into a fine slurry, dried it, crushed it into a certain particle size, and put it into a kiln for calcination; The calcined mixture is ground into a fine powder to form "cement". Asputin kept his production method very secretive, adding copper sulphate to the raw meal in a basin during feeding, in an attempt to create the illusion that the production process was related to the adulteration of salt admixtures.

His son W. Aspudin 1856

The history of cement can be traced back to the mixture of lime and volcanic ash used by the ancient Romans in their construction works.

In 1796, the Englishman JParker fired a brown cement from marl, called Roman cement or natural cement. In 1824 the Englishman Joseph Asputin

aspdin fired limestone and clay to make cement, which was hardened in a color similar to the stone used for construction in Portland, England Island, was named Portland Cement and was patented.

British engineer JSmitton.

Cement was invented by Joseph Asputin of England.

Its raw materials are mainly limestone and clay, and cement is a powdered water shadow cementitious material that can be cemented with sand, stone and other materials that can be hardened in air and in water.

The main components of cement are lime, sand and pebbles, and it is probably more than 5,000 years old.

Because the hardened cement is similar in color to the stone used in local buildings in Portland, it was named Portland Cement.

The cement used by the ancient Romans was made from a mixture of lime (non-hydro lime) and volcanic ash, and it was very strong and was used by humans for about 2,000 years.

Special cement: As the name suggests, it is the cement for designated purposes, including road Portland cement and G-grade oil well cement.

The origin of concrete can probably be traced back to ancient Rome in the 3rd century BC, when the ancient Romans accidentally discovered that natural volcanic ash was mixed into natural sand and limestone to form a mortar, which was very strong after hardening, and could be used as a filling material for masonry vaults and walls, which can be regarded as the origin of concrete - "natural concrete". In the remnants of ancient Rome, we can see the shadow of concrete.

This seems to have been invented abroad.

Cement was invented by Joseph Asputin of England, and Portland cement was also obtainedPatents

Cement: powdered hydraulic inorganic cementitious material. After adding water and stirring, it forms a slurry, which can be hardened in air or water, and can firmly glue sand, stone and other materials.

Knot together. Early lime and volcanic ash.

The mixture is very similar to modern lime pozzolan cement, and the concrete made of cemented crushed stone is not only strong after hardening, but also resistant to the erosion of fresh water or salt water.

For a long time, as an important cementitious material, it has been widely used in civil engineering, water conservancy, national defense and other projects.

The cement was invented by Joseph Asputin of England and was also patented for Portland cement.

Cement: powdered hydraulic inorganic cementitious material. After adding water and stirring, it forms a slurry, which can be hardened in air or water, and can firmly cement sand, stone and other materials together.

The mixture of early lime and pozzolana was similar to that of modern lime pozzolana cement, and the concrete made from cemented crushed stone was not only strong when hardened, but also resistant to the erosion of fresh or salt water.

For a long time, as an important cementitious material, it has been widely used in civil construction, water conservancy, national defense and other projects.