Describe the physiological and psychological responses of the body when a major stressful event occu

When a major stressful event occurs, the body may experience a range of physical and psychological responses. Physiologically, there may be predominantly excitatory to the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system, leading to shock symptoms such as increased vascular permeability, decreased blood concentration, and decreased body temperature. At the same time, it may also cause an adaptive response to increased secretion of adrenal corticosteroids, which increases the body's metabolic rate and weakens the inflammatory and immune responses.

In terms of psychology, there may be positive psychological reactions, such as increased arousal level of the cerebral cortex, emotional tension and hyperactivity, clear consciousness, concentration, clear thinking, quick response, decisive action, etc., as well as negative psychological reactions, such as excessive anxiety, nervousness, lack of consciousness, reduced level of awareness, large mood swings, confusion in thinking, etc. These responses are closely related to people's physical and mental health.

See Acute Stress and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

PTSD).

Cognitive factors. Cognitive elements refer to many aspects of a person's psyche, such as opinions, beliefs, values, attitudes, etc., and can also be the appearance or reproduction of a certain behavior, or even the expectation of future events. In psychological stress response, cognitive factors are the core influencing factors in all situations.

Cognitive dissonance occurs when an individual perceives a contradiction between two cognitive factors. Cognitive dissonance can cause a psychological tension or discomfort, and the individual will try to remove this tension in order to regain a state of equilibrium; The greater the intensity of the dissonance between cognitive factors, the stronger the motivation to reduce or remove the dissonance.

Stress psychological response refers to an aspect of the stress response. It can be broadly divided into emotional responses, self-defense responses, and behavioral responses. The most common emotional response is anxiety, as well as anger, guilt, fear, depression, learned helplessness, etc.

When individuals cope with stress, they have an adaptive tendency to consciously or unconsciously relieve their troubles and alleviate their inner uneasiness in order to restore emotional balance and stability, that is, self-psychological defense response.

When the body is in a state of intense stress, the activity of the sympathetic and adrenal medullary systems is often significantly enhanced. In some cases, some individuals may experience a relative increase in parasympathetic activity, such as a decrease in heart rate, a decrease in cardiac output and blood pressure, a decrease in blood glucose, and even shock. In a state of psychological stress, the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex axis activity is enhanced, while inhibiting glucose consumption, thereby increasing blood glucose levels.

Sometimes mineralocorticoids are also increased, causing an increase in blood volume. Research in psychoneuroimmunology has shown that the brain, as a coordinator between the environment and the immune system, plays an important role in regulating the body's immune defense against various stressors.

Stress-induced sympathetic and adrenal system excitation may be accompanied by the release of catecholamines and opioids that act on lymphocyte receptors.

Answer]: A The most prominent response to stress is the neuro-endocrine response. The main manifestations are the excitability of the adrenomedullary system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system.

We are happy to answer for you that the physiological response to psychological stress mainly involves neural mechanisms, endocrine mechanisms and immune mechanisms. Nervous mechanism: Stress activates the nervous system of the brain, which causes physiological responses such as muscle contraction, increased heart rate, and increased blood pressure.

Endocrine mechanism: Psychological stress activates the brain's endocrine system, which releases a large amount of adrenaline, cortisol and other hormones, which in turn affects the body's metabolism. Immune Mechanisms:

Psychological stress activates the brain's immune system, which affects the body's immune function and makes the body more susceptible to external factors such as viruses and bacteria.

The physiological response to stress is found in the "fight or flight" response exhibited by animals in the face of an emergency, a mechanism involving the inhibition of assimilative (parasympathetic) function and the activation of alienated (sympathetic) function.

The combination of these two processes ensures the energy needs of animals in the event of an emergency, thus proposing the physiological principle of the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system to "slow down and help the emergency" in response to upheaval, which is followed by all kinds of visceral and physical activity changes associated with it. The neuroendocrine consequences of psychological stress vary from person to person, and are related to the situation, social role, and status in the group. The key parts and detailed mechanisms of how "conceptual" psychosocial factors are transformed into "material" physiological responses are not fully understood.

However, existing physiological research has accumulated a lot of data in the fields of brain and behavior, psychology, nerves, endocrinology, and immunity.

The psychological stress caused by emergencies is roughly reflected in three aspects: abnormal emotional responses, abnormal physiological responses, and abnormal behaviors. These three will not only transform each other in the process of stress development, but also interact with each other, influence each other, and then have a coupling effect.

Depending on the strength of the coupling, the consequences will be different. Abnormal emotional and psychological reactions can trigger abnormal physical or behavioral reactions, which in turn can worsen psychological stress.

Excessive physiological, emotional, and behavioral reactions are mainly reflected in the following three aspects: (1) Abnormal emotional reactions: anxiety, fear, sadness, anger, depression, etc., and loss of the ability to be happy and love. (2) Raw.

Abnormal physical reactions: palpitation, wheezing, nausea, muscle twitches, headache, dizziness, body aches, tiredness, insomnia. (3) Abnormal behavior: subconscious movements, restlessness, stiff behavior, overeating, aggression, compulsion, etc.

Abnormal behavior.

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Oh What role does a stressful event play on the state of mind (+) A + Secondary + B + Key + C + Dominating + D + Deterministic.

Hello, I have seen your question and am sorting out the answer, please wait for a while Emotional Reaction Tong Dan Yuan Some people have found through research that stress makes people's emotions develop in a low or high state. When the mood is low, the person's facial expression is cold, the sense of humor is reduced or disappears, and there are often feelings of melancholy, hopelessness, depression, and depression. When the mood is high, the mood is particularly excited, or excited, or irritable

Type A personality is like potatoes"The psychological and behavioral characteristics of people are: (1) Eating fatty meat, smoking, and lack of exercise. (2) Agile movements and explosive speech.

3) Impatient personality, never willing to queue up, often walking in the forest, likes to take shortcuts, straightforward, and impatient. (4) Ambitious hands, competition.