Who is the author of Qiushui and who is Zhuangzi

Autumn Water is a long story in the Zhuangzi, with the first two characters as the title, and the center is to discuss how people should understand external objects. The whole article consists of two parts. The first part is about the conversation between the sea god of the North Sea and the river god, and the questions and answers are completed in one go, forming the main body of this article.

This long dialogue can be divided into seven fragments according to the content of the questions and answers, the latter part writes six fables, each of which is self-contained and unrelated, and there is no structural relationship with the dialogue between the sea god and the river god in the previous part, which emphasizes the complexity of understanding things, that is, the relativity of things themselves and the variability of cognitive processes, and points out the difficulty of cognition and accurate judgment. However, the article overemphasizes the uncertainties of the change of things, and fails to reveal the dialectical relationship between the relative and the absolute in the cognitive process, which can easily lead to agnosticism, so in the end it can only follow the self-transformation of things and return to inaction, which is of course negative. [

Zhuangzi, the name Zhou, the word Zixiu, the Taoist patriarch, the name Nanhua Zhenren, one of the four real people of Taoism, Han nationality, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period of the Song and Mongolian people, China's Warring States period famous thinkers, philosophers, writers, one of the main founders of Taoism. Zhuangzi's ancestors were born from the Chu family, and later due to the civil strife in the Chu State due to Wu Qi's change of law, the ancestors moved to the Song State to avoid the sins of Yizong. Zhuangzi only worked as a local lacquer garden official in his life, and because he advocated freedom, he should not be hired by the king of Chuwei of the same sect.

The inheritor and developer of Lao Tzu's thought. Later generations called him and Lao Tzu "Lao Zhuang". Their philosophical ideology is respected as "Lao Zhuang Philosophy" by the intellectual academic circles.

His representative works include "Zhuangzi" and famous works such as "Getaway" and "Theory of Things".

The author of Qiushui is Zhuangzi, Zhuangzi is a Taoist ancestor of the Song Kingdom and Mengren during the Warring States Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, called Nanhua Zhenren, and is one of the four real people of Taoism.

Original text: When the autumn water arrives, hundreds of rivers irrigate the river; The stream is so big, and there is no debate between the two Zhuzhu cliffs.

So Yan Hebo was happy and took the beauty of the world as his own.

Go east along the river, and as for the North Sea, look east and see the water.

So Yan Hebo began to turn his face, looked at the ocean and sighed: "There is a wild saying: 'Hearing the Tao of a hundred, I think that I am not the one who is ruo.'"

I mean, too. And I have tasted the smell of Shao Zhongni, and the righteous who is light on Boyi, I have believed in the beginning, and now I see the difficulty of the son and the poor, and I am not the door of the son. I have long seen and smiled in the generous house.

Translation: The autumn flood rises with the season, and thousands of rivers flow into the Yellow River, and the direct water flows unimpeded, and even cattle and horses cannot be distinguished between the banks and the sandbar in the water.

Under these circumstances, Hebo was happy to be satisfied, believing that all the beauty of the world was gathered in his place.

He followed the current to the east, came to the north sea, and looked eastward, but could not see the end of the sea.

At this time, Hebo changed his original expression of contentment, and sighed in the face of the sea god: "There is a saying, 'When you hear many truths, you think that no one can compare with yourself', which is a person like me." Besides, I have heard that some people think that Confucius's knowledge is shallow and that Boyi's morality is insignificant, and I didn't believe it at first; Now I see the vastness of you, and if I had not come to you, it would have been dangerous, and I would have been forever ridiculed by the learned.

Zhuangzi Qiushui original text

When the autumn water arrives, hundreds of rivers irrigate the river. The flow is so big, between the two Zhu cliffs, there are no cattle and horses. So, Hebo was happy and happy, and he took the beauty of the world as his own. Go east with the current, as far as the North Sea. Look to the east, but not the water.

So, Hebo began to turn his face, looked at the ocean and sighed: "There is a wild saying: 'Hear the Tao of a hundred, think that Mo has been ruo', I also say."

And I have tasted the smell of Shao Zhongni, and the righteous who is light on Boyi, I have believed in the beginning, and now I see the difficulty of the son and the poor, and I am not the door of the son. I have long seen and smiled in the generous house. ”

Translation of Zhuangzi Qiushui:

In autumn, the torrents come in according to the season, and the water of many large rivers flows into the Yellow River, and the river is wide and turbulent, and even cattle and horses cannot be distinguished between the two banks and the sandbar in the water. So the river god rejoiced and thought that all the good things in the world were gathered in him. The river god followed the flow of water to the east, came to the north sea, and looked eastward, but could not see the end of the sea.

So the river god changed his previous complacent face, and he looked up at the sea god and sighed: "There is a saying that 'after hearing a hundred truths, you think that there is no one in the world who can compare with yourself', which is a person like me."

And I've heard that Kong Qiu knows too little and that Boyi's high righteousness is not worth paying attention to'words, at first I couldn't believe it; Now that I have seen with my own eyes that you are so vast and boundless, if it were not for the fact that I had come to your door, it would have been really dangerous, and I would have been laughed at forever by those who have been extremely cultivated. ”

Appreciation of Zhuangzi's "Autumn Water":

Autumn Water is another long story in the Zhuangzi, which uses the first two words as the title of the article, and the center is to discuss how people should understand external objects. The full text of Song Ran can be divided into seven parts, and here is the first one, which writes that the river god is small but thinks he is big, and compares the sea god with a big but small one, which illustrates the relativity of knowing things. It also shows that human beings' understanding of themselves is seriously limited, and people should be aware of their own insignificance and the limitations of their understanding.

The protagonist is Hebo. Zhuangzi Qiushui is selected from "Zhuangzi Outer Chapter", "Autumn Water" chapter. Zhuang Zi Yuqiao Lao, surname Zhuang, name Zhou, word Zixiu (also said Zimu), Song Guomeng.

He was a famous thinker, philosopher, and writer in the middle of the Warring States period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

He founded Zhuangxue, an important philosophical school in China, and was one of the main representatives of the Taoist school during the Warring States Period after the elimination of the key of Lao Tzu.

Zhuangzi's style:Zhuangzi's imagination is extremely rich, and his language is free and flexible, and he can explain some subtle and indescribable philosophies in a fascinating way. His works have been called "the philosophy of literature, the literature of philosophy".

It is rumored that he tasted seclusion in Nanhua Mountain, so Tang Xuanzong Tianbao Chu, edicted Zhuang Zhou as a real person in Nanhua, and called his book "Zhuangzi Qingsheng" as "Nanhua Zhenjing".

Only the Zhuangzi is divided into three parts: the inner chapter, the outer chapter, and the miscellaneous chapter, which was written by Zhuangzi and his successors.