How to measure blood pressure correctly? How is blood pressure measured?

Pay attention to the correct measurement of blood pressure:Choose the right time and environment and measure the right upper arm.

1. Choose the right time and environment

In normal people, blood pressure fluctuates throughout the day, with blood pressure being lowest when sleeping and remaining stable when sitting quietly. Nervousness, smoking, talking and drinking coffee can raise blood pressure, and it can drop after eating, exercising, and reading quietly. Therefore, in order to measure blood pressure accurately, you should not take medication and eat one hour before the blood pressure measurement, do not smoke, drink coffee or tea within 30 minutes before the measurement, and urinate in advance to avoid holding urine, as a full bladder will increase blood pressure.

Before measuring blood pressure, it is advisable to sit quietly in a room with a moderate temperature for 5 minutes, and measure the same upper limb at the same time in a quiet state, so that it is more accurate to adjust the drug.

2. Measure the right upper arm

Regardless of whether they are male or female, and whether they have hypertension or not, blood pressure in the right upper arm is generally measured, because the standard of blood pressure is also formulated based on the blood pressure results of the right upper arm, and most of them are measured in the right upper arm. During the measurement, relax the palm of the hand upwards naturally, place the lower part of the wristband of the blood pressure monitor on the storage box or cushion, and make the wrist strap position the same height as the heart, not too high or too low.

If the right side has suffered from vascular malformation, Takayasu's arteritis, hemiplegia, or the left side is higher than the right side, it is recommended to measure the left side, and the high side measurement is the result. People who measure blood pressure for the first time can choose to measure the blood pressure of both the left and right upper arms to obtain accurate blood pressure.

There are two ways to measure blood pressure.

1.Mercury sphygmomanometer measurementBefore the measurement: Do not smoke, drink beverages such as strong tea or coffee for about 30 minutes, and sit in a chair and rest for at least 5 minutes in a resting state

Mercury sphygmomanometer measurement requires the examinee to take a sitting position, stretch out the right arm, palm up, and the heart at the same level, tie the blood pressure cuff to about 2 3cm on the right elbow striae, elastic to be able to accommodate one finger, place the stethoscope at the brachial pulse, inflate the cuff while listening, until the sound can not be heard, then hit about 30mmHg, and then start to deflate, and then start to deflate, every second to burn the bell to release 2-3mmHg, the first sound is systolic blood pressure, the last sound is diastolic blood pressure.

2.Electronic sphygmomanometer measurementsThe electronic sphygmomanometer measurement method also requires the examinee to take a sitting position, check whether the electronic sphygmomanometer cuff connection is normal, the examinee takes a sitting position, stretches out the right arm, palm up, and the heart at the same level, and ties the sphygmomanometer cuff to about 2 3cm on the horizontal stripe of the right elbow, and it is appropriate to be elastic to accommodate one finger, and then press the start button, and the value displayed on the sphygmomanometer display screen is the measured blood pressure and heart rate value.

In short, the measurement of blood pressure needs to be operated in the correct way, and if the results of multiple measurements are abnormal, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time.

Blood pressure measurement requires the following:

1. The measurer should rest quietly for more than 5 minutes before measuring blood pressure, which is done to reduce the impact of tension or activity on blood pressure.

2. The arm of the test subject should be at the same level as the right atrium and abducted at 45°.

3. Choose the appropriate cuff according to the fat and thin of the person being tested, usually the length of the cuff on the sphygmomanometer is mostly 12-14cm, the middle of the cuff should be aligned with the brachial artery, the lower edge of the cuff should be 2-3cm above the elbow fossa, and the cuff can not be tied too tightly or too loosely, otherwise it may affect the results of blood pressure measurement.

After the cuff binding is over, if you are using an electronic sphygmomanometer at this time, you only need to turn on the switch and wait for the blood pressure measurement result. If you are using a mercury column sphygmomanometer, you need to place the stethoscope on the brachial artery of the elbow without touching the cuff or under the cuff to pump air into the cuff. When the brachial pulse disappears, then inject air into the cuff, raise the mercury column by about 20mmHg, and slowly deflate, when the stethoscope hears the first sound, the corresponding value on the mercury column is systolic blood pressure.

With slow deflation, when the stethoscope hears the sound suddenly disappears, the corresponding value on the mercury column is the diastolic blood pressure, so that the systolic and diastolic blood pressure are measured.

(1) Keep quiet indoors, and the room temperature is best kept at about 20.

2) Before the measurement, the subject should be relaxed, preferably rest for 20-30 minutes, empty the bladder, refrain from alcohol, coffee and strong tea, and stop smoking.

3) The patient can sit or lie down with their feet flat and their elbows and forearms comfortably placed approximately parallel to their heart.

4) Open the sphygmomanometer box, place it in a stable place near the patient's limb, and make the mercury column vertical to the zero point.

5) Ask the patient to take off the sleeve to expose the upper right arm, if the sleeve is thin and wide, it can be rolled up to the armpit.

6) When wrapping the sphygmomanometer cuff, squeeze out the air in the cuff first, and then wrap it around the elbow joint of the right upper arm 2 3cm, not too loose or too tight. After feeling the brachial artery beating on the inside of the cubital fossa, the stethoscope is placed on the brachial artery and the pressure is measured.

7) Close the valve on the balloon and observe the height of the mercury column by keeping the measurer's gaze at the scale on the mercury column. Rapid inflation, after the radial pulse disappears, then add 4kPa (30mmHg) to stop inflation, slightly open the valve, so that the mercury slowly drops, when the first pulse beats is heard, it is high pressure, that is, systolic blood pressure. Continue to deflate slightly, the mercury slowly drops to a certain point on the mercury column, and when the sound suddenly weakens or disappears, it is low pressure, that is, diastolic blood pressure.

8) After the first measurement is completed, it should be completely deflated, wait at least one minute, and repeat the measurement again, taking the average of the two times as the obtained blood pressure value. In addition, if you want to determine whether you have high blood pressure, it is best to measure it at different times, and it is generally believed that at least 3 occasional blood pressure measurements on different days can be determined as high blood pressure.

9) Arrange the cuff and stethoscope, and restore the mercury column to zero and close it for reuse. Precautions: When pumping, see if the cuff is bulging out from the side, and if it is bulging, it should be re-tightened to avoid errors; For patients with cerebrovascular accident hemiplegia, the upper limb should be measured on the healthy side, because the blood vessels of the affected limb may be abnormal, resulting in inaccurate blood pressure measurement; The blood pressure of the left and right upper limbs should be measured separately according to the condition of the newly diagnosed patients for control.

Generally speaking, there are three ways to measure blood pressure, one is measured by a doctor in the hospital, one is measured at home, and the other is 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Among them, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (blood pressure is measured every 15-30 minutes and continuously monitored for 24 hours) is the most accurate, because people's blood pressure is not fixed in 24 hours a day, but fluctuates up and down in a certain range, and is affected by a variety of external factors.

The accuracy of our own blood pressure measurement at home is between that measured by a doctor and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. And after the experience of countless patients, there is no obvious difference between the blood pressure we measure at home and the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, as long as your measurement method is okay and the instrument is not problematic, then the measurement results will be more accurate.

How to measure blood pressure correctly at home?

1. Prepare an electronic sphygmomanometer with high accuracy and strong convenience that is based on national standards;

2. Have your family wrap a hollow rubber sleeve around the subject's upper arm. One end of this leather sleeve is connected to the pressure gauge with a rubber tube, and the other end is connected to a rubber air bag;

3. The family members repeatedly squeezed the rubber air bag and injected air into the rubber sleeve to flatten the arteries in the upper arm, temporarily stop the flow of blood, and then slowly lower the blood pressure;

4. In this process, the pressure recorded when the blood begins to flow and a sound occurs is systolic blood pressure, that is, high pressure;

5. Then continue to release the air in the sleeve, continue to listen to the sound of blood flow, and when the sound is not heard, the recorded pressure is diastolic blood pressure, that is, low pressure.

Criteria for judging hypertension: Due to fluctuations in blood pressure, the traditional method of judging hypertension in China is to measure it three times in a row, with an interval of one month each time. If the systolic blood pressure is 139mmHg at 130mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is 89mmHg at 85mmHg, it is critical hypertension; If the systolic blood pressure is 140mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is 90mmHg, it is hypertension.

What should I pay attention to before measuring my blood pressure?

1. Measurement time.

Blood pressure should be measured in the morning after waking up, before waking up, or before going to bed at night. Because our blood pressure usually starts to drop 2 hours before bedtime and starts to rise 2 hours after waking up, the values measured in the morning and evening are the most valuable.

2. External environment.

The environment in which blood pressure is measured should be quiet and the temperature should be appropriate, which is a necessary environmental requirement, otherwise the measurement results will not be prepared.

3. Dietary taboos.

Rest for at least 5 minutes before the measurement, do not smoke, drink, strong tea and coffee, do not eat too much, and it is best to empty your urine half an hour before the measurement.

4. Measure posture.

It is best to sit while measuring, and pay attention to the relaxation of the muscles of the whole body. It is best to measure the right upper arm, taking care to roll up the sleeve when measuring, not letting the sleeve squeeze into the cuff for measurement, and at the same time keeping the elbow and heart at the same level.

5. Emotional control.

Blood pressure should be measured to avoid emotions such as nervousness, anxiety, and agitation, as they may cause fluctuations in blood pressure values.

The person should not smoke, drink beverages such as strong tea or coffee, and empty the bladder for 30 minutes before the blood pressure is measured. You should sit in a chair with a backrest in a quiet environment for at least 5 minutes to relax your whole body.

1.The direct measurement method is percutaneous puncture to send the catheter from the peripheral artery to the aorta, and the end of the catheter is connected to the monitoring manometry system, which automatically displays the blood pressure value. This method is an invasive method and is only suitable for critical and difficult cases.

2.The indirect measurement method, i.e., the cuff compression method, is measured with a sphygmomanometer. There are mercury column type blood pressure monitors, spring type and electronic blood pressure monitors, and the mercury type is commonly used in clinics or hospitals.