Ancient Egypt, the excellent achievement of the civilization of the two river basins is urgent help

The solar calendar of ancient Egypt and the current Gregorian calendar were developed on this basis.

The cuneiform script of the Two Rivers Valley (ancient Babylon) and the various alphabets (Greek, English, Persian, Arabic, etc.) used in the West today were developed from cuneiform.

1. It's all next to the big river.

2. They are all civilizations based on agriculture.

3. Civilization is relatively early.

Egypt, under the influence of Mesopotamian civilization, also created writing, I hope it can help you

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The reasons why modern European scholars began to write about Western civilization from ancient Egypt and the Lianghe Valley are: the truly glorious period of ancient Greek civilization was the classical Greek period, that is, the short period of 300 years from 600 BC to 300 BC. The so-called source of Western civilization refers to the classical Greek civilization.

While other civilizations were seeking to understand the world through mystical religions, the ancient Greek civilization was seeking to establish a world in which man was at the center. In the ancient Greek civilization, man had a very high status, did not prostrate at the feet of the gods, and man was confident, optimistic, and <> his own master

Modern European scholars began to write about the causes of Western civilization from ancient Egypt and the valley of the two rivers.

Modern European scholars began to write about the causes of Western civilization from ancient Egypt and the valley of the two rivers.

Dear, I'm glad to answer your <>

Modern European scholars began to write about Western civilization from ancient Egypt and the valley of the two rivers for the following reasons: the truly brilliant period of ancient Greek civilization was the classical Greek period, that is, from 600 BC to 300 BC, which was a short period of 300 years. The so-called source of Western civilization refers to the classical Greek civilization.

While other civilizations were seeking to understand the world through mystical religions, the ancient Greek civilization was seeking to establish a world in which man was at the center. In the ancient Greek civilization, man had a very high status, did not prostrate at the feet of the gods, and man was a self-confident and optimistic sedan chair, and was his own master <>

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The West is a human-centered world, and this special delay and celebration is inherited from ancient Greece. The human-centered ancient Greece provided the template, direction, and spiritual home for the West in later generations. In other words, from ancient Greece and Rome, through the Middle Ages, to modern times, the West has come full circle, and has returned to the human-centered world of disturbance.

The ideals of Dante, Petrarch, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and others in the Renaissance were to take the West out of the god-centered world of the Middle Ages and into the new human-centered world <>

Summary. Astronomy and MathematicsAgricultural production in ancient Egypt required the exact date of the Nile flooding, so it was important to determine the seasons according to the celestial phenomena, and astronomical knowledge was constantly accumulated and enriched. The ancient Egyptians created the earliest solar calendar in human history in 2787 BC.

The method was to set the day when Sirius and the Sun rose on the horizon at the same time (when the Nile began to overflow) as the beginning of the year, with three seasons of the year for 12 months of 30 days, plus five year-end festivals for a total of 365 days in the year. This calendar, which has a difference of only 1 4 days per year, is the original basis for today's universal Gregorian calendar. Since the Nile had to be re-measured and demarcated after the annual flooding, the work of the ancient Egyptians from year to year enabled the ancient Egyptians to do more practical exercises in geometry and to accumulate a great deal of mathematical knowledge than any other people of the time.

The construction of water conservancy facilities and the construction of temples and pyramids enabled the application of this mathematical knowledge and further enriched and developed. The ancient Egyptians used decimal notation, which calculated the area of rectangles, triangles, trapezoids, and circles, as well as the volume of regular cylinders and square-headed cones. The pi they use.

In terms of algebra, the ancient Egyptians were able to solve the sum of unary equations.

1. Ancient Egypt, ancient India, and ancient two river basins as an example, briefly describe their scientific and technological achievements.

Astronomy and MathematicsAgricultural production in ancient Egypt required the exact date of the Nile's flooding, so it was important to determine the seasons based on celestial phenomena, and astronomical knowledge was constantly accumulated and enriched. The ancient Egyptians created the earliest solar calendar in human history in 2787 BC. The method was to set the day when Sirius and the Sun rose on the horizon at the same time (when the Nile began to overflow) as the beginning of the year, and for a total of 12 months of 30 days in each month, plus 5 days of festivals at the end of the year, for a total of 365 days in the year.

This calendar, which has a difference of only 1 4 days per year, is the original basis for today's universal Gregorian calendar. Since the Nile had to be re-measured and demarcated after the annual flooding, the work of the ancient Egyptians from year to year enabled the ancient Egyptians to do more practical exercises in geometry and to accumulate a great deal of mathematical knowledge than any other people of the time. The construction of water conservancy facilities and the construction of temples and pyramids made this mathematical knowledge applied and further enriched and developed.

The ancient Egyptians used decimal notation, which calculated the area of rectangles, triangles, trapezoids, and circles, as well as the volume of regular cylinders and square-headed cones. The pi they use. In terms of algebra, the ancient Egyptians were able to solve the sum of unary equations.

Anatomy and Pharmacy.

Handicraft technology.

Building technology. Hieroglyph.

Papyrus. Cuneiform.

Code of Hammurabi.

There are also Arabic numerals.

It is the product of the ancient Egyptian civilization and the civilization of the two rivers, and it is the civilization of the second generation of Zen trembling.

a.Korean civilization.

b.Yellow River Civilization.

c.Chinese civilization.

d.Greek civilization.

Correct answer: d

There are several reasons why modern European scholars began to write about Western civilization or extinction from ancient Egypt and the valley of the Two Rivers:

1.Interest in History: European scholars began to develop a keen interest in history in the 18th and 19th centuries, and they wanted to learn more about the origins and development of human civilization.

Ancient Egypt and the Two Rivers Valley were among the earliest human civilizations, so they attracted the attention of European scholars.

2.The development of the discipline: European scholars began to study history as an independent discipline, also known as historiography.

They believe that the study of ancient civilizations can provide a lot of inspiration for this emerging discipline and can help them better understand some of the problems of modern society.

3.Impact on the colonies: European countries colonized Africa and Asia on a large scale during the 18th and 19th centuries, which also contributed to their understanding of the history and culture of these regions.

Many European scholars believe that only by understanding the history and culture of these regions can one better grasp the administration of the colonies.

In general, modern European scholars have written about Western civilization from ancient Egypt and the Two Rivers Valley to a combination of factors, including interest in history, the development of the discipline, and the influence of colonies.

Ancient Egyptian civilization: refers to the history of the Tasa culture from the first falls of the Nile to the delta region from 5000 BC to the conquest of Egypt by the Asars and Xunrab in 641 AD. Ancient Egyptian culture is one of the four major civilizations of mankind and one of the sources of Arab culture.

Civilization of the Two Rivers: The earliest creators were the Sumerians from the eastern mountains around 4000 BC. They made pottery, invented writing, and according to archaeological data, it was in the stage of the disintegration of primitive societies.

In 3000 BC, the Sumerians founded a city-state. In the 24th century BCE, it was destroyed by the kingdom of Akamaibid. The Civilization of the Two Rivers Valley is also known as the Mesopotamian Civilization, the Sumehule Civilization, or the Civilization of the Two Rivers.

It refers to the civilization developed in the fertile crescent between the two river basins, and is the earliest civilization in West Asia.

Kneeling and begging: the common characteristics of the social civilizations of ancient Egypt, the two river basins, and ancient India?

1 is the same great river civilization, Egypt is the Nile, the two river basins are the Tigris and Euphrates, India is the Indus River and the Ganges 2 established a powerful state, Egypt established the Egyptian Empire during the New Kingdom period to compete with the Hittites for hegemony in Syria and Palestine, the representative figure is the Tsukan Thutmose III, the two river basins are the Akkad Kingdom, the ancient Babylonian Kingdom, the Neo-Babylonian Kingdom, the representative figures Sargon I, Hammurabi, India is the Mauryan Empire, the Kushan Empire, the Gupta Empire, the Ring Sun Empire, the representative figure Ashoka, Moon Protector King, Super Sun King 3 religion has a high status, forming a priestly class. The priests of Egypt had a very high status, mastering the work of sacrifices, clerical work, and the two rivers in the Sumerian era or the Akkadian era, the priest's use of Sun Liang should not be underestimated, and often formed a restriction on the king (Lugar), the Brahmins in India, whose status was theoretically higher than that of the Kshatriyas, were mainly responsible for the interpretation of the Vedas, the Sanskrit books, the forest books, and the Upanishads.4 represented the characteristics of oriental culture, and the cave liquid corresponding to the Greek and Roman in Western Europe was mystic, The cultural model of faith rather than reason5 was invaded by foreign peoples, Egypt was the Hyksos, Assyria, Neo-Babylonian, Persian, Alexandria, Roman, Arab; The two rivers were the maritime peoples, the Hittites of Asia Minor, Persia of Iran, Alexandria, Rome, Parthia; India is a nomadic tribe of Alexander, Muslim, Central Asia.

Two River Basins: The development of civilization has been interrupted many times. Because the development of civilization is based on the active nature of commerce, attaches great importance to the law, and attaches great importance to protecting the interests of merchants, the residents of the two river basins have a gloomy outlook on life, only care about the present, and do not have hope for the blessings and misfortunes of life.

Ancient Egypt: Civilization development was relatively continuous. Emphasizing ethics, religion is polytheistic, and social justice is emphasized, and the Egyptians' outlook on life is natural, believing that people can live forever and rise from the dead, so they focus on preparing for future life.

Ancient India: Religious, diverse, inclusive and regional. Ancient Indian civilization was developed and enriched in the process of constantly absorbing foreign cultures, so the history was scattered.

There was no uniform language alphabet, no pure Indian ethnicity, no public memorabilia or displays like the ancient or the two river valleys, and a strict caste system was developed.

Ancient Greece: Ancient Greek civilization developed from a high starting point, and developed and prospered on the basis of learning and learning from the heritage of oriental civilization; Ancient Greece did not have a religious power with great political power and interference in secular life. The religion of ancient Greece advocated the homogeneity of gods and man; The political basis for the development of civilization was the city-state republic of slavery.

Written Egyptian script consists of ideograms, phonetic symbols.

and the limited symbol tripartite.

Ideograms are the use of graphics to express the meaning of words, characterized by a close relationship between graphics and word meanings. For example:

Comparison Table of Ancient Egyptian Scripts.

Draw a wavy line to represent water, and draw a five-pointed star" to represent the concept of "star".

Phonetic symbols are used to express the pronunciation of words and obtain sound values. For example, when the image of an owl is used as a musical note, the meaning of "owl" is lost when the [m] sound is pronounced.

The pictorial symbol for the latch represents the sound, while the other symbol for the hillside is used to represent the [k] sound.

A qualifier is a new purely ideographic symbol added to the phonetic sign and placed at the end of the word to indicate which category the word belongs to. The qualifier itself is not pronounced. For example:

In hieroglyphs, the words "ploughstick" and "vulture" have exactly the same notes, consisting of two consonants, pronounced hbThe way to distinguish the meaning of the word is to add the qualifying symbols for "plowstick" and "crested vulture" after hb.

Ideograms, phonetic symbols, and qualifiers can be combined to form a complete sentence.

The script used in ancient Rome was like this, the ancient Romans were ruled by the Etruscans, and the writing inherited the Etruscan script, and on this basis, borrowed from the Greek script, and finally formed the Latin alphabet, which is very close to the modern Latin script.

The ancient Indian script is more complicated, ** than the Brahmi script, but the ** Brahmi script has not yet been determined, and it is said that it comes from the Phoenician script. The current Devanagari script, Tamil and other scripts are all ** in Brahmi script.

To understand the development of world writing, I recommend Mr. Zhou Youguang's book on the history of the development of world writing. Mr. Zhou is 107 years old and still alive, which I admire. Also, pay attention to the difference between words and language, beginners may confuse language and words.