What kind of language is Tungusic?

Manchu is Tungusic language, Tunguska is a general name, its place is now West Siberia, Manchu belongs to the Tungusic nation.

I only know the closest to Japanese (Japan).

Geographical distribution: Mongolia, Siberia, Manchuria.

The Manchu-Tungusic languages are spoken by a small population and are all minor languages.

Tungusic language family (Manchu-Tungusic language family).

Northern Tungusic branch (also known as Tungusic branch).

Evan Evan (Russia: Sakha, Kamchatka) Evenki Evenki (Tunguska) (EVN) (China: Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Russia: Evenki, Sakhalin, Mongolia).

Oroqen (ORH) (China: Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia) Nejidar.

Negidar (NEG) (Russia: Khabarovsk) is a Nantonggusi branch (also known as the Manchu branch).

South-East Nanai.

Nanai (Hezhe, Gordon) (GLD) (China: Heilongjiang, Russia: Ussuri, Sikhot).

Orok (OAA) (Russia: Sakhalin).

Ulich (ULC) (Russia: Khabarovsk)Uryu Orochi (OAC) (Russia: Khabarovsk)Urdian (UDE) (Russia:

Khabarovsk) Southwestern Jurchen (JUC) (China; extinct) Manchu (mnc) (China: Heilongjiang).

Xibe (SJO) (China: Xinjiang).

The Manchu-Tungusic language family has a rich vocabulary system and complex structure, and the vocabulary of different languages and their Changling dialects shows their own characteristics. At present, the lexical function and role of the Manchu-Tungusic languages have been weakened, and their own word-making function has also been degraded, replaced by an increasing number of loanwords from Chinese and other languages. In the case of the endangerment of Manchu-Tungusic languages, it is necessary to strengthen the rescue, protection and analysis of their vocabulary.

One. The Chinese Manchu-Tungus languages mainly include Manchu, Xibe, Evenki, Oroqen, Hezhe and their related dialects, the ancestors of these language speakers lived in the grassland pastoral areas, forest areas and the Sanjiang basin in Northeast China, and the language has words related to crops, agriculture and animal husbandry production and life, mountains, forests and grasslands, rivers and lakes, fishing and hunting production and life in temperate and cold zones, of which the cognate Naichang words reach 80%. Due to the different development processes of the Manchu-Tungusic peoples and the choice of different natural environments and production and lifestyles, the language has undergone different degrees of change.

For example, there are words related to agriculture and the court in Manchu, words related to agricultural production and life in Xibe, words related to grassland pastoral areas and animal husbandry production and life in Evenki, words related to mountains and forests and hunting in Oroqen, and words related to rivers and lakes and fishing and hunting production and life in Hezhe. Due to the different degrees of influence between the languages of various ethnic groups and the living pattern of large dispersion and small settlements, the Manchu-Tungusic languages have become endangered.

At present, there are less than 10,000 native speakers of the Manchu-Tungusic ethnic groups in China. Among them, there are about 10,000 native speakers of Xibe; There are about 20,000 native speakers of Evenki; The Oroqen native population is less than 100; There are less than 10 native speakers of both Hezhe and Manchu. These native speakers are proficient in Chinese and have varying degrees of proficiency in Mongolian, Daur, Uyghur and Kazakh.

Due to the sharp decrease in the number of speakers and the influence of the surrounding languages, the vocabulary of the Manchu-Tungusic languages has decreased, the grammatical expressions have been gradually lost, the number of loanwords has increased, and the loanword vocabulary system has been increasingly improved, all of which have destroyed the original lexical structure of the Manchu-Tungusic languages, and degraded the original vocabulary derivation and vocabulary creation system. The spoken Manchu, Hezhe, Oroqen and their dialects are particularly valuable, which can play an important role in the study of Manchu-Tungusic languages.

The Tungusic language family includes the following language branches:

Filthy Branch: This branch of the language is part of the ancient Tungusic language family, including Goguryeo, Buyeo, Filth, Dou Molou, etc., all of which have now disappeared.

Manchu branches: including the ancient Tatar and Jurchen languages (which have evolved into Manchu, Xibe, Hezhe, etc.), and modern Manchu, Xibe, Manchu, etc.

Ivoki branches: Evan Lamut, Oroqen, Evenki, Evenki, Sauron, Nekidar.

Nanai Branch: Hezhe Nanai, Ulich, Orook, Udegai, Orochi.

Before modern times, only the ancient Jurchen language, and later Manchu and Xibe languages really had a complete writing system in the Tungusic language family. After modern times, China and Russia officially used the Latin alphabet and the Cyrillic alphabet respectively to compile scripts for some unwritten Tungusic languages in their own countries, but due to various problems, the implementation effect was not satisfactory, and it was basically not used. Today, the total population of the Tungusic language group is not quite a few branches, but the number of people who still use the Tungusic language in the sedan chair is declining year by year, and the total number of people who use the Tungusic language in China, Russia, and Mongolia today is less than 400,000.

Some of these languages have been listed as globally endangered by UNESCO.

The Tungusic language family, or Tungusic language family, is a branch of the Altaic language family of the world linguistic classification.

The Tungusic language family (also known as the Manchu-Tungusic language family or Tunguska-Manchu language family) is one of the language families under the Altaic language family, which is divided into Manchu and Tungusic branches.

In China, the Zaoran-Evenki language does not have its own script, and is written in the Mongolian alphabet in pastoral areas, while there is no written form in agricultural and forest areas, and Chinese is commonly used. Linguistics research materials and teaching bedrock textbooks are based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) or a self-developed Latin alphabet transcription system. In Russia, from 1930 to 1931 the Evenki language was written in the Latin alphabet, and between 1936 and 1937 it was written in the Cyrillic character Boyan Yumu.