What was the world like in the 17th century?

The period from 1601 to 1700 is known as the 17th century. The 17th century was a century of colonialism. Before 1644 was the Ming Dynasty. After 1644, it was the Qing Dynasty.

After the emergence of capitalism in the century, the West opened up new routes.

Early colonial expansion developed rapidly by accumulating primitive capital, but the germination of Chinese capitalism emerged in the middle of the Ming Dynasty due to the natural economy.

and the obstruction of the policy of heavy agriculture and suppression of business, but did not develop, so that the transformation from a traditional agricultural country to a modern industrial country was not realized, so China fell behind.

Historically, China has fallen behind since the middle of the Ming Dynasty. This was due to Zheng He's voyage to the West.

Later, the Ming Dynasty pursued a policy of closing the country to the outside world. There are also the effects of China's own economic factors, such as the long-term dominance of the natural economy and the slow development of capitalism. On the other hand, it was in the prosperous Kangqian era of the Qing Dynasty.

After that, China's economic development entered a state of stagflation, and the national strength began to decline.

But in reality, China really lagged behind the West in the 19th century, around 1860, when China's gross national product.

It still ranks first in the world. Since then, China has been in a state of collapse. The world pattern of the 17th century is characteristic:

1 Europe is a stage of rapid accumulation of bloody, violent primitive capital, while Asia on the other side of the continent is indeed closed off from the rest of the world. 2 Europe is developing capitalism rapidly, and the anti-monarchy and anti-clerical movements have paved the way for the development of capitalism, while Asia is the continuous strengthening of royal power and control the changes in people's thinking. The germ of capitalism developed slowly.

3. The ideological and cultural development of Europe, especially the development of science and technology, advanced by leaps and bounds, which was the first industrial revolution in the future.

Infused with fresh energy. Asia, especially China, is only a staple of previous research.

The lack of innovation has led to the development of Chinese science and technology just standing still.

The old colonial empires of Spain and Portugal gradually weakened, the rising Dutch Empire began to become the largest colonial empire, and the British Empire gradually became stronger. The Ottoman Empire reached its peak at the end of the XVII century. After the Battle of Sekigahara, Japan was finally reunified and moved towards the road of seclusion and seclusion.

The Ming Dynasty of China fell in the mid-seventeenth century. The Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs and imposed a closed country and a maritime ban, so that China finally withdrew from the world stage.

1. Politics: The bourgeois representative democracy has been further developed. In 1832, the British parliament reformed, and the constitutional monarchy matured; In 1871, Germany established a constitutional monarchy; In 1875, the constitution of the Third French Republic was promulgated, and the republican form of government was finally established in France.

The workers' movement and the socialist movement arose.

2. Economy: Two industrial revolutions. From the first industrial revolution that began in Britain in 1765 to the end of the 18th century expanded to Western Europe and North America, large-scale machine production replaced manual operation, represented by the steam engine, and mankind entered the steam age.

The industrial bourgeoisie and the industrial proletariat were formed, and the workers' movement arose; The rise of modern cities has destroyed the natural environment;

The foreign powers expanded to the outside world, and the capitalist world system was basically formed. In the second industrial revolution, the invention and application of electricity was the main symbol, and mankind entered the electric age. The concentration of production and capital gives rise to monopolies; The Great Powers intensified their efforts to carve up the world and export capital, and the capitalist world market was finally formed.

3. Ideology and culture

Technology has developed further. Darwin, Einstein, Planck, etc. Realist literature became the dominant form of this period. Liberalism prevails and advocates freedom, free competition, and free business prudence.

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The Evolution of the World Pattern:

1.The beginning of capitalism (mid-17th century and early 19th century) 2The Consolidation and Development of Capitalism (Early 19th Century, Mid-19th Century) 3

Monopoly Spinal Capitalism (Imperialism) (Mid-19th and 20th Centuries) 4The United States and the Soviet Union Compete for Hegemony, Bipolar Pattern (1947-1991) 5Political multipolarity, economic globalization (after 1991).