How does hydroelectric power work? What is the principle of hydroelectric power?

The basic principle of hydropower generation is to use the water level difference to cooperate with the hydrogenerator to generate electricity, that is, to use the potential energy of water to convert the mechanical energy of the water wheel.

The generator is then driven by mechanical energy to obtain electricity. Scientists.

With the natural conditions of this water level difference, the effective use of fluid engineering and mechanical physics is carefully matched to achieve the highest power generation, so that people can use cheap and pollution-free electricity.

Advantages: Hydropower is an inexhaustible, renewable and clean energy.

However, in order to make effective use of natural water energy, it is necessary to build hydraulic structures that can concentrate the water flow difference and regulate the flow rate, such as dams and diversion pipe culverts. Therefore, the project investment is large and the construction period is long. However, hydropower generation has high efficiency, low power generation cost, fast start-up of the unit, and easy adjustment.

Due to the use of natural water flows, it is greatly affected by natural conditions. Hydropower is often an important part of the comprehensive utilization of water resources, and forms a comprehensive utilization system of water resources with shipping, aquaculture, irrigation, flood control and tourism.

Cons: 1 Due to terrain limitations, it is not possible to build too much capacity. The capacity of a single machine is about 300MW.

2. The construction period is long and the construction cost is high.

3. Because it is located in natural rivers or lakes and marshes, it is susceptible to feng shui disasters and affects other water conservancy projects. Electricity output is susceptible to weather, drought and rainfall.

4. It is not easy to increase the capacity after the factory is built.

5. Ecological damage: increased erosion of water below dams, changes in rivers and their impacts on flora and fauna, etc.

6. It is necessary to build dams and resettle, etc., and the investment in infrastructure construction is large.

7 Downstream fertile alluvial soils are reduced by scouring.

The fundamental principle of hydroelectric power is magnetic generation of electricity. Faraday, an English physicist, discovered the conditions and laws for the use of magnetic fields to generate electric current, and later invented generators, whether thermal power, hydroelectric power or wind power, all of which are generated by generators.

The working principle of the hydroelectric generator is to use the water level difference to continuously drive the water wheel to run, and the coil electromagnet of the rotating and fixed part of the magnetic pole generates alternating current, and then supplies electricity for work and life.

From the perspective of energy, the kinetic energy of the water flow is converted into electrical energy, and the mechanical energy does useful work.

The basic principle of hydroelectric power is to use water power (with a water head) to propel a hydraulic machine (Hydro turbinesTurn, turning water energy intoMechanical energyIf another machine (generator) is connected to the turbine and the turbine rotates, electricity can be generated, and the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. In order to convert hydropower into electricity, different types of hydropower plants need to be built.

The development and current situation of hydropower generation in China.

Going back to hydropower in our country, it actually came out very late. Back in 1882, Edison.

He built the world's first commercial hydroelectric power system through his own wisdom, but our country's hydropower was only established for the first time in 1912. More importantly, the Shilongba Hydropower Station built in Kunming, Yunnan Province at that time was entirely with the help of German technology, and our country only dispatched manpower to help and help.

Thermal power generation: Simply put, it uses coal to boil water and uses water vapor to drive steam turbines to generate electricity, and the energy utilization rate is extremely low. Hydroelectric power generation is the use of the mechanical energy of the flowing water to generate electricity, the flowing water pushes the turbine, so that the magnet windings of the generator rotate, produce a changing magnetic field, and the changing magnetic field then induces a current in the surrounding coil windings, so that the generator will send electricity.

In order to obtain a flow of water with greater energy to propel the turbine, the flow of water acting on the turbine must have a large potential energy. The faster the velocity and the greater the drop, the greater the potential energy of the flow, and the greater the kinetic energy obtained by the potential energy conversion at the downstream turbine. One can take advantage of the drop of a river or the drop of a natural waterfall to generate electricity.

IntroductionHydroelectric power system uses rivers, lakes and other rivers and lakes with potential energy to flow to low places, converts the potential energy contained in them into the kinetic energy of the hydro turbine, and then uses the hydro turbine as the driving force to drive the generator to generate electrical energy. Use water power (with a water head) to drive the hydraulic machinery (water turbine) to rotate, the water energy is converted into mechanical energy, if another machine (generator) is connected to the water turbine to rotate with the water turbine can send out electricity, then the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.

Hydroelectric power generation is generated by the flow of water at a high level through a water turbine to drive a generator.

Thermal power generation is the evaporation of water through fuel, and the water vapor produced drives a steam turbine to drive the generator to generate electricity.

Thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy, which then drives the generator. Specifically, the internal energy of water vapor is used to drive the sash to rotate, and the generator is to rotate. It is very similar to commercially available generators, but the way of generating heat energy is different.

The thermal Laoxiao power plant uses coal as fuel, coal is burned in the boiler, the water in the boiler is heated to generate steam, and then the steam with a certain temperature and pressure from the boiler enters the steam turbine through the main steam valve and the regulating steam valve, and flows through a series of ring-mounted nozzle grids and moving vane grids in turn to expand and do work, and converts its heat energy into mechanical energy that drives the rotor of the steam turbine to rotate, or drives the generator to generate electricity through the coupling.

The steam after expansion work is discharged from the exhaust part of the steam turbine, and the steam is discharged to the condenser to condense into water, and then sent to the heater, and sent to the boiler through the feed water to be heated into steam, and so on. That is, the thermal energy of steam is first converted into kinetic energy in the nozzle grid, and then this part of the kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy in the moving blade grid. The working principle is an energy conversion process, that is, thermal energy - kinetic energy - mechanical energy - electrical energy.

Eventually send the electricity out.

When the gravitational potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy, the turbine starts to rotate, and if we connect the generator to the turbine, the generator can start generating electricity. If we raise the water level to flush the turbine, we can see that the turbine speed increases. Therefore, it can be seen that the larger the water level difference, the greater the kinetic energy obtained by the water chain car turbine, and the higher the convertible electrical energy.

This is the basic principle of hydroelectric power.

The energy conversion process is: the gravitational potential energy of the upstream water is converted into the kinetic energy of the water flow, and the kinetic energy is transferred to the steam turbine when the water flow passes through the water turbine, and the water turbine drives the generator to rotate to convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy. Hence the process by which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.

Due to the different natural conditions of hydropower stations, the capacity and speed of hydro-generator units vary widely. Generally, small hydro generators and high-speed hydro generators driven by impact turbines mostly adopt horizontal shed residual structure, while large and medium-sized speed generators mostly use vertical junction failure structure. Since most hydropower stations are located far away from the city and usually need to supply power to the load through a long transmission line, the power system puts forward higher requirements for the operational stability of the hydro generator

Motor parameters need to be carefully selected; The moment of inertia of the rotor is required to be large. Therefore, the appearance of the hydro generator is different from that of the steam turbine generator, with a large rotor diameter and a short length. In addition to general power generation, it is especially suitable for peak shaving unit and accident standby unit.

The principle of hydroelectric power is to use the kinetic energy and potential energy of water to convert it into electrical energy.

Hydroelectric power is a system that uses rivers and lakes to flow water with potential energy at high places to low places, converts the potential energy contained in them into the kinetic energy of a hydro turbine, and then uses the hydro turbine as the driving force to drive the generator to generate electricity. If another machine (generator) is connected to the turbine and can generate electricity with the rotation of the turbine, then the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.

Hydropower is in a sense the process of converting the potential energy of water into mechanical energy and then into electrical energy. Because the power voltage emitted by the hydroelectric power plant is low, to be transmitted to the user who is far away, the voltage must be increased through the transformer, and then transmitted to the substation in the user concentration area by the empty transmission line, and finally reduced to the voltage suitable for household users and factory electrical equipment, and transmitted to each factory and household by the distribution line.

The main types of hydroelectric power

1. Diversion hydropower station: Diversion hydropower station is the use of artificial canals to lead the water flow to a place with a large drop between the water flow and the downstream river, where the power station is built indiscriminately and the water flow difference is used to generate electricity. This type of power station tends to have a small flow rate and a large height difference, and often uses an impact turbine to generate electricity.

2. Dam hydropower station: For example, Baihetan Hydropower Station is a dam-type hydropower station. It is a form of power generation that generates electricity by building dams to raise the water head and obtain the gravitational potential energy of the water body.

This kind of power station tends to have a lower head, but the flow rate is larger, and the impact turbine is often used to generate electricity.