How to process organic fertilizer from crop straw, and how to operate straw to turn into organic fer

1.Site selection The fertilizer making site should be selected in a leeward and sunny place with flat terrain and close to the water source, and can be made in the open air all year round.

2.Preparation of materials (take 1 ton of dry straw as an example) 1000 kg of crop straw. 20 kg of cake flour. Peanut cake, soybean cake, cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, etc., can be replaced by 10 kg of urea without cake flour. 1 kg of rapid fermentation culture.

3.Production method The crop straw (such as corn stalk) is crushed with a crusher or cut off with a straw machine, and the general length is 1 3 cm (wheat straw, straw, leaves, weeds, peanut seedlings, soybean straw, etc. can be directly used for fermentation, but the fermentation effect is better after crushing). The crushed or cut straw is watered and infiltrated with water, and the water content of the straw is generally controlled at about 70%.

Mix 20 kg of cake flour with 1 kg of fungus, and evenly sprinkle the cake flour mixed with bacteria on the surface of the straw poured with water. Stir it with a shovel and other tools, pile it into a long strip with a width of 2 meters, a height of meters, and an unlimited length, and cover it tightly with plastic sheeting.

4.Corruption process Warming stage: from room temperature to 50, it usually only takes one day.

High temperature phase: from 50 liters to 70 liters generally takes 2 days. Cooling Phase:

From the high temperature to below 50, generally about 10 days, at this time the straw fertilizer process is basically completed, and the fertilizer can be applied directly.

5.Signs of decay The straw turns brown or black-brown, soft and elastic when wet, and brittle and easy to break when dry. After decomposing, the pile collapses by 1 3 or 1 2 than when it was just piled.

6.Application method Straw fertilizer is generally used as base fertilizer and can be applied wet. Top dressing should be covered with soil.

Semi-rotted fertilizer is applied to crops with a long growth period, straw fertilizer with high maturity is applied to crops such as melons, fruits and vegetables with a short growth period, semi-rotted fertilizer is used for sandy land, and fertilizer with high maturity is best applied to clay soil. Straw fertilizer is very rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrients are relatively balanced, but also contains a variety of trace elements, is a variety of crops, all kinds of soil are suitable for the common fertilizer, with improve crop quality, increase the yield of significant effect.

Chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure and other livestock and poultry manure are used as raw materials, and the moisture is controlled at about 40%, containing about tons of raw materials, 5 kg of probiotic liquid, 2-3 kg of corn flour, mixed and crushed. Pile into a strip pile of 2 meters wide, high meters, and unlimited length, cover it with old sack pieces or straw curtains, and generally within 24 hours, the pile temperature can rise to about 50. Within 48 hours, the pile temperature can rise to more than 60, or even as high as more than 70, such a temperature in spring, summer and autumn generally 5-7 days can make all the raw materials in the pile rot, the stench disappears, and the pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs, grass seeds, etc. in the raw materials are all killed.

The fertilizer fermented by this method can be called ecological organic fertilizer, or pollution-free organic fertilizer, which can be directly used in crops, or can be slightly dried and sifted, and sold as commercial fertilizer.

Fermented by cow dung and straw in a 1:1 ratio

Straw mainly refers to the stems and leaves of seed crops, such as rice straw, corn stalks, wheat stalks, etc. Because straw has a high crude fiber content, low protein content, and low digestibility, it is generally treated when feeding. Its main purpose is to promote digestion, preserve nutrients and increase palatability.

The treatment methods of straw include physical treatment, chemical treatment and biological treatment.

1) Physical treatment.

Chopping, crumbling and crushing is one of the easiest and most important ways to process straw feed. Treatment increases feed intake and reduces feed waste during feeding. In addition, there are more commonly used methods such as soaking, granulation and briquetting.

2) Chemical treatment.

There are mainly alkalizing treatment and ammoniation treatment.

Alkalizing treatment: There are two treatment methods: sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide (lime water). However, the palatability of the straw treated by these two methods is poor, and it is not used much in production. Ammoniation treatment:

Urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia, liquid ammonia, etc. are commonly used as ammonia sources to treat straw. After treatment, it is necessary to wait for the ammonia (gas) to be dissipated before it can be used to feed cattle to prevent ammonia poisoning.

3) Biological treatment.

The essence of biological treatment is the treatment method that uses microorganisms, including silage, fermentation treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment.

Silage: Green straw is stored fresh to keep it green and juicy for a long time. This is a better way to maintain the nutrient content and palatability of straw.

Fermentation treatment: that is, through the action of beneficial microorganisms, soften the straw, improve palatability, and improve feed utilization.

Enzymatic hydrolysis treatment: It is to dissolve the cellulolytic enzyme in water and spray the straw to improve its digestibility.

At present, the widely used and effective straw treatment methods are silage and ammonia.

1. Use straw to make biogas; 2. Breeding; 3. Power generation; 4. Papermaking; 5. Make a medium for food.

Briquettes or pellets are preferred, and they are widely used as fuels.

First, the selection of fertilizer addresses.

Fertilizer making sites should be selected to be flat terrain, close to the downwind and sunny place of water resources, and can be made outdoors all year round.

2. Advance preparation of raw materials for fertilizer production (take one ton of dry straw as an example).

1) Crop straw 1000kg. (2) 20 kg of cake flour (bean cake, bean cake, cotton cake, rapeseed cake, etc.). (3) "Kende Green" No. 2 rapid fermentation agent 1kg.

3. Method: (1) Crop straw (such as corn straw): crushed with a crusher or disconnected with a straw machine, generally 1-3 cm in length (straw, wheat grass, fallen leaves, weeds, soybean straw, soybean straw, etc. can be immediately applied to alcohol, but the actual effect of alcohol after crushing is better).

2) Wet and infiltrate the tap water of the straw after crushing and disconnection, and the moisture content of the straw is generally around 70%. (3) Mix 20kg of cake flour with 1kg of fungus, and sprinkle the cake flour evenly on the surface of the straw watered with tap water. Use a shovel or other special tool to turn it over, arrange it into a strip with a width of 2 meters and a height of 2 meters, and cover it tightly with plastic film.

Fourth, the whole process of straw rotting.

1) Temperature raising: from room temperature to 50 generally only 1 day. (2) High temperature link:

From 50 -70 generally only 2 days. (3) Hypothermic link: from the high temperature to below 50, generally around 10 days, at this time the whole process of straw fertilizer is basically carried out, and the fertilizer can be used immediately.

Fifth, straw fertilizer and manure marking.

1) The straw turns dark brown or black-brown, and the wet leaves are soft and malleable when held by hand. Too brittle when dry and very easy to crush. (2) After combing, the pile body collapses by 1 3 or 1 2 than when it was just piled.

Sixth, the use of straw fertilizer:

1) Straw fertilizer is generally used as base fertilizer, which can be applied wet and cold. Fertilization should be done with soil. Semi-fermented fertilizer should be applied to crops with a long growth period, straw fertilizer with high fertilizer quality should be applied to crops such as fruits, vegetables, and vegetables with a short growth period, semi-fermented fertilizer should be used for sand, and fertilizer with improved fertilizer degree is applied to clay soil.

2) The soil organic matter in straw fertilizer is very rich and colorful, and the nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are relatively balanced. It also contains a variety of nutrients, and is a universal fertilizer suitable for all kinds of crops and various soil layers. All of them have obvious practical effects of improving product quality and increasing production volume.

The straw is crushed with a crusher, then soaked in tap water, the humidity should be grasped at about 70%, stirred evenly with cake powder and bacteria, made into strips, and then covered with plastic film, the temperature should be kept at about 50, and it can be used in 1 2 days.

To add the remaining animal manure to the straw, and then mix and ferment, you can choose cow dung or pig manure, the ratio is 1:1, and then add an appropriate amount of compost or starter culture, and the cornmeal is stirred evenly, about 10 days.

It can be carried out by fermentation, mixed in animal manure, or fermented according to the corresponding fermentation method.

Corn straw, rice straw, sugarcane tail leaves, wheat straw and other crop straws, as we all know, is a resource, can be used to grow edible fungi, as value-added feed, but because too much, a lot of straw is burned, discarded, not only does not get a good value-added, but also may lead to environmental pollution. Choose a corner of the field that is convenient for water to take, and dig it low by hand to make a ridge, which is as flat as the shore (to retain water). Rice straw is generally piled with 1 root per mu (barley and wheat 2 acres are piled with 1 root), and a pile of straw is about 500 kg, covering an area of 6 7 square meters.

The straw is stacked in layers, each layer is 40 cm, watered enough water (biogas slurry is better), so that the water content of the straw is 60% 70%, and sprinkled with decomposed fungus; Each pile can be stacked with 4 or 5 layers, about one person high, and is stacked in a barrel shape, and kilograms of decaying agents are required. The top of the stack is recessed to collect rainwater. Once the straw is stacked, cover it with film (punch holes in the depressions) to retain moisture and keep warm, and if it is too dry, water it from the top of the pile.

Generally, it can be fermented after 3 5 days of stacking, and after the pile enters the high-temperature fermentation period of 1 month, the pile can basically rot in 2 3 months (at the high temperature of the pile, 1 turn mowing, the outer layer of straw falls into the water and is filled, which is convenient for the fermentation of rotten straw), and when the next crop is planted, the rotten straw can be fully used as organic fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer input can be reduced. In order to make its appendages fast and fertilizer efficient, the following conditions should be met: when composting, it should be irrigated frequently, remember to wet and dry; Fecal urine should be added in moderation to reduce the C-N ratio; Timely turning to improve the internal environment, thereby promoting microbial activity; Do not leak at the bottom of the pit, and do not irrigate the pit surface in the rainy season to prevent nutrient loss.

The above is a detailed interpretation of the problem, I hope it will help you, if you have any questions, you can leave me a message in the comment area, you can comment with me, if there is something wrong, you can also interact with me more, if you like the author, you can also follow me, your like is the biggest help to me, thank you.

The straw needs to be burned, or the straw needs to be put into a fermentation tank for fermentation, which can also be used as organic fertilizer.

It is used to make organic fertilizer by incineration, or it is buried in the soil to rot, and it can also be exposed to the sun.

Pile up the discarded orange stalks, cover them in a plastic bag, mix some mushrooms, and ferment them in the sun.

The organic fertilizer made from straw not only avoids the harm of straw burning, but also the organic matter of straw organic fertilizer is very rich, and the nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are relatively balanced. It also contains a variety of trace elements, which are suitable for fruit trees, vegetables and various crops, which can improve quality and increase yield.

Materials: 1000kg of crop straw, 2 0 kg of dry sencha cake powder (peanut cake, soybean cake, cotton cake, rapeseed cake, etc.), a bottle of Yifuyuan straw rotting agent.

Crush the crop straw with a crusher or cut it off with a straw machine, the general length of 1 3cm is appropriate (wheat straw, straw, leaves, weeds, peanut seedlings, soybean straw, etc. can be directly used for fermentation, but the fermentation effect is better after crushing), the crushed or cut straw is drenched with water and eggplant, so that the water content of the straw is about 60-70%, mix 1 bottle of Yifuyuan straw rotting agent and 20kg cake powder, evenly sprinkle the cake powder on the straw, and then, use a shovel to turn over the straw and pile it into a width of 2 m and a height of m. Long stacks of unlimited lengths are tightly covered with plastic sheeting.

During the fermentation process, it is necessary to pay attention to avoiding rain, and if possible, a rain shelter can be set up above the pile, or covered with a layer of plastic film to prevent rain from getting wet. Properly turn the pile, the fermentation is more uniform and faster. Generally, the material will be fermented at natural temperature for two days, the internal temperature can reach more than 60, and the pile will begin to turn over in about 5 days.

After a few days, if the temperature exceeds 65, the pile can be turned again, generally 2 times, and the fermentation is completed after the temperature is kept relatively constant. At this time, the straw fertilizer process is basically completed, and the fertilizer can be applied directly.

The straw turns brown or black-brown, and when wet, it is soft and elastic to hold. It is brittle when it dries, easy to break, and the pile collapses 1 3 or 1 2 after it is decomposed than when it is just piled. Straw fertilizer is generally used as base fertilizer, which can be applied wetly, and should be covered with soil for top dressing.

Fermentation to make organic fertilizer is based on a certain aerobic fermentation, and the best fermentation method is semi-aerobic fermentation, or to properly control the air ingress to prevent excessive volatile fertilizer substances. Semi-rotted fertilizer should be applied to crops with a long growth period, straw fertilizer with high maturity should be applied to crops such as melons, fruits and vegetables with a short growth period, semi-rotted fertilizer should be used for sandy soils, and fertilizer with high maturity should be applied to clay soil.

Wood shredder.

At present, the way to make straw into organic fertilizer is actually very simple, only need to dilute it with rotting agent and water in a certain proportion, and then sow it on the straw to let the rotting agent decompose the straw on the spot, and the straw after being decomposed will be converted into organic fertilizer, this operation mode is relatively simple, and also reduces the cost of treating straw. However, in the process of operation, we should pay attention to the amount of decaying agent, and the rotting period of orange stem is relatively long, we must wait for the orange stem to be completely absorbed and digested by the land before planting new crops, otherwise it may affect the emergence rate of the next crop.

At present, if you want to make the land more fertile, the common operation is to return straw to the field, which is extremely effective, which can improve the soil and make it more productive. It can directly improve the physical properties of the soil, so that the soil has the ability to permeate water, breathe and retain fertilizer, and then the crops can increase the yield after planting. At the same time, there are some relatively low cost, that is, to apply some organic fertilizer, through manure, vomit fertilizer, chlorine fertilizer and other agricultural fertilizers with relatively high organic matter content, to improve the soil fertilizer has an obvious effect.

In addition, there are some areas that will vigorously promote the cultivation of grass and fertile fields to increase economic yield, improve the soil, and increase the productive capacity of the soil.

In some areas, because of the reason of desertion, many mountainous areas will be overgrown with weeds, there is the existence of straw, if you accidentally encounter an open fire, it will increase the hidden situation of the fire, and it will also seriously pollute the environment, will make some land has a very low organic matter content, there is no way to produce crops. In the past, the method of straw treatment would be chosen to be burned, but this method is extremely polluting to the atmosphere, and now our country has relevant laws and regulations prohibiting open burning of straw.

Finally, there will be a lot of straw in our country every year, and it is also extremely important to make good use of straw, others will use straw, grain bran, etc. to make charcoal to form an industry, and some may be used for transportation or agriculture.