Epistemic empiricism and dogmatism or left and right errors are essentially the same

Empiricism and dogmatism are two erroneous ways of thinking, which are fundamentally different from "left" and right-leaning errors.

Empiricism is a way of thinking that focuses only on personal experience and ignores theoretical knowledge. It attaches too much importance to perceptual experience and direct observation, while ignoring the guidance and role of theoretical knowledge. This way of thinking often leads to a lack of overall vision and in-depth thinking when solving practical problems, resulting in poor decision-making or inaccurate actions.

Dogmatism, on the other hand, is a way of thinking that blindly worships theoretical knowledge. It places too much emphasis on the importance of theoretical knowledge and ignores the role of practical experience and specific situations in problem solving. This way of thinking tends to make people mechanical and rigid, unable to respond flexibly to complex and changing realities.

The mistakes of "left" and "right" are manifested in the political sphere. Among them, "leftist" tendency refers to being too radical politically, going beyond objective reality, rushing for success, underestimating the enemy's strength and objective difficulties, and taking blind and adventurous actions. Right-leaning, on the other hand, refers to being too conservative politically, abandoning principles, and seeking compromise at the expense of the fundamental interests of the proletariat in order to achieve temporary peace.

Therefore, empiricism and dogmatism are substantially different from the errors of the "left" and the right. The former is a matter of thinking methods, while the latter is a matter of political stance and attitude.

Left. It refers to the tendency to pursue progress politically and sympathize with the working people. On the other hand, the "leftist" tendency in quotation marks refers to the tendency of political ideology to transcend objectivity, detach itself from the conditions of social reality, and fall into utopia, blind movement, and adventure.

Therefore, in order to express the derogatory meaning, quotation marks are added to the left character, that is, "left" leaning, to distinguish it from the real left. The "leftist" ideology is manifested in the eagerness to achieve results, the subjective exaggeration of revolutionary forces, the contempt for the enemy's strength and objective difficulties, and the adoption of blind and adventurous actions in revolution and construction. or to confuse two kinds of contradictions of different nature within the revolutionary organization and adopt a policy of brutal struggle and ruthless attack; Or implement the doctrine of closing the door on the issue of the Confederates and bring down everything. Politically and ideologically, understanding lags behind reality, and there is a tendency to change and advance with the changed objective situation, or even to go against the objective law of development.

Right-leaning thinking. If it is formed into a systematic and complete line and implemented in practice, it will become right-leaning opportunism.

Right-wing opportunism tends to abandon principles and sacrifice the proletariat in political struggles.

Seeking compromise for fundamental interests is also called right-leaning capitulationism.

EmpiricismThe difference with dogmatism is as follows:

1) The starting point of dogmatism is the individual words and conclusions in the books, etc., which do not take into account the actual situation, and are often manifested in not paying attention to the importance of practical experience.

2) The starting point of empirical answer: Oak Zhaoyi is narrow local experience, which is often manifested in not paying attention to the guiding role of theoretical knowledge.

The connection between empiricism and dogmatism:

1) The root cause of the two is the same. The essence is idealism.

Concrete performance in practical work.

2) The starting point of the two sedan chairs is the same. They all proceeded from subjectivity, detached from the local reality at that time, and were subjectivist in a one-size-fits-all manner and blindly commanded.

work and methods of thought.

3) The results are the same. are bound to bring losses and even failures to the work.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Empiricism.

Reference: Encyclopedia - Dogmatism.

EmpiricismWhen encountering things, I can always judge similar situations before, but I don't take into account the changes in the external environment and my own ability, and I still do it according to the original approach. Dogmatism, always follow a certain procedure to go and there is no flexibility.

Dogmatism is also known as "essentialism."

Subjectivism. a form of expression. The main characteristics are that they regard books and theories as dogmas, are rigid in thinking, proceed from definitions and formulas in everything, do not proceed from the realities of the world, oppose concrete analysis of specific situations, and deny that practice is the criterion for testing truth. Dogmatism despises practice and separates theory from practice, subjective and objective concrete historical unity.

It does not investigate and study specific things, but only rigidly applies ready-made principles and concepts to deal with the ideological style of problems. There is no controversy about what dogmatism is. In a fundamental sense, dogmatism is a rigid attitude.

Empiricism: If the mouse is placed on the left side of the electric guessing brain, we will guess that the person who uses the computer should be a left-handed person, which is judged by our experience.

Dogmatism: Some habits in schools, even if we know that test-oriented education is not good, but many schools still focus on test-oriented education, which is a bit dogmatic.

The principle of understanding the relationship with perceptual cognition and rational cognition:

1. Perceptual cognition and rational cognition are two different stages in the process of cognition, which are not only different from each other, but also dependent on each other. On the one hand, rational cognition depends on perceptual cognition; On the other hand, perceptual cognition has yet to develop into rational cognition. Perceptual cognition and rational cognition penetrate each other, perceptual cognition permeates rational cognition, and rational cognition permeates perceptual cognition.

It is therefore important to unify the two for guidance.

2. Separating the dialectical relationship between perceptual cognition and rational cognition will lead to the error of theoretical and empiricism. Theoretical overhaul of the importance of rational cognition, deny the role of perceptual cognition, and believe that rational cognition can be independent of perceptual cognition. The dogmatism and empiricism of practical work make similar mistakes to this kind of theory and empiricism.

Empiricist and dogmatic mistakes:

1. The root of error: subjectivism and empiricism start from perceptual experience and regard the special as the general; Dogmatism, on the other hand, proceeds from theories and books, and detaches itself from reality by copying book theories, or using the past to prove the present.

2. Perceptual cognition is local, superficial, temporary, and unreliable, and without the established objective object or objective condition (time and space), experience is obviously unable to analyze and solve all current practical problems. Mistaking local experience for universal truth. Dogmatism, on the other hand, does not take into account the specific conditions and conditions of reality, and holds that all theories are universally applicable, and that they deal with specific problems based on subjective imagination, theoretical reasoning, and subjective assumptions.

3. Dogmatism and empiricism are typically manifested in the following ways: dogmatists can empirically understand the theories in books according to their own experience, and turn them into empirical formulas and conclusions to guide practice; The empiricist can also understand and accept what is in the book from the level of perceptual experience, and the empirical understanding of the theory is combined with the perceptual experience that he already has, in this case, it will make people feel as if he is neither rejecting the theory nor detaching from reality. However, it is precisely from the subjective understanding that has been misinterpreted.

Dogmatism and empiricism are philosophical epistemological rather than political concepts. From an epistemological point of view, dogmatists exaggerate the role of book knowledge one-sidedly, despise perceptual experience, despise practice, and only see the universality of contradictions and ignore the particularity of contradictions. Empiricists one-sidedly exaggerate the role of perceptual experience, despise the general guiding role of scientific theories, regard partial experience as a universal truth, and deal with all problems beyond their own narrow experience.

Both of these epistemological errors run counter to the principle of the dialectical unity of perceptual and rational cognition, practice and theory, and the universality and particularity of contradictions, and thus both bring harm to the actual industrial and marketing base.

False] Splitting the dialectical relationship between perceptual and rational cognition will lead to errors in theoretical and empirical theory. Only theories exaggerate the importance of rational cognition, and whether it is resistant to the role of perceptual cognition, and believes that rational cognition can not depend on perceptual cognition. Dogmatism and empiricism in practical work make similar mistakes as this kind of theoretical and empiricism.

Therefore, the judgment of this question is wrong.

Dogmatism, exaggerating the role of books, despising perceptual experience, and treating Marxism.

As a rigid dogma, it makes a mistake similar to "only theory".

Empiricism, one-sided exaggeration of empiricism, despise scientific theories, and regard partial experience as universal truth, has made a mistake similar to "empiricism".

The two errors are idealism.

Metaphysics again.

P.S. Theory-only denies the importance of perceptual cognition, one-sidedly exaggerates the role of rational cognition, and believes that only rationality is reliable and does not depend on perceptual cognition.

Empiricism, which denies the importance of rational cognition, one-sidedly exaggerates the role of perceptual cognition, and believes that only perceptual cognition is reliable and does not have to rise to rational cognition.

PS: Why A?

Dogmatism

Fundamentally, dogmatism is a rigid attitude. Its external manifestations: either it uses a metaphysical point of view to treat a certain established spiritual product (a certain theory, opinion, doctrine or even a few words) rigidly; Either it is a realistic practice that uses some kind of established spiritual product to rigidly develop and change the rules and tailoring.

The spirit of the two manifestations is consistent: rigidity.

EmpiricismEmpiricism generally refers to a belief in the modern scientific method, the belief that theories should be based on observation of things, rather than intuition or superstition. That is, theoretical derivation through experimental research is preferable to pure logical reasoning. In contrast to empiricism is European rationalism.

The representative figure is Descartes, and according to rationalism, philosophy should arrive at conclusions through reflection and deductive reasoning. Empiricism is represented by Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Hobbes, Francis Bacon, John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume.

Empiricism is often used as an adjective with science (natural and social sciences) to denote judgment based on subjective assumptions, rather than through observation and experimentation.

What dogmatism and empiricism have in common: what they have in common is that they do not ask about the actual situation, do not proceed from reality, but proceed from subjectivity, and give one-size-fits-all and blind command everywhere. The common problem of the two is that their subjective understanding is divorced from the objective reality of the local area at that time, so they cannot do their work well.

Differences: 1. The starting point of dogmatism is the individual words and conclusions in the book; It does not investigate and study specific things, but only rigidly applies ready-made principles and concepts to deal with the ideological style of problems.

Dogmatism is also known as "essentialism." A manifestation of subjectivism. The main characteristics are that they regard books and theories as dogmas, are rigid in thinking, proceed from definitions and formulas in everything, do not proceed from reality, oppose concrete analysis of specific situations, and deny that practice is the criterion for testing truth.

Dogmatism despises practice and separates theory from practice, subjective and objective concrete historical unity. In the history of the Communist Party of China, dogmatism did not understand that the universal truth of Marxism must be integrated with China's specific practice, and this brought serious harm to revolution and construction.

2. The starting point of empiricism is narrow local experience.

Dogmatism, like stubbornly grasping things in books, empiricism is stubbornly recognizing one's own experience. To put it bluntly, one only believes in books, and the other only believes in himself.

The starting point of dogmatism is individual words and conclusions in books, and the starting point of empiricism is narrow local experience, understand?

Dogmatism believes only in book knowledge, empiricism only believes in one's own experience.

One according to the textbook, the other according to experience.