Why were the Southern Song Dynasty Zhao clan and the Jin State Wanyan clan treated differently in th

The main reason is that the Jin State was very cruel to Mongolia back then, so Mongolia will retaliate against the Jin State in this way. The mercy of the Zhao clan in the Song Dynasty was because of the cultural and political background at that time, the Mongolia at that time had been influenced by the Han culture for many years, and was no longer a nomadic people who only knew how to shout and kill, they had slowly learned the habits of the Central Plains people, and learned to use the Huairou policy to recruit peace to calm the people's hearts, so the treatment of the two parties was completely different.

Because the feelings of Mongolia towards the two countries were different, the Jin State was once a regime that enslaved Mongolia, while the Southern Song Dynasty was the object of Mongol aggression, so they were treated differently.

Because the Mongols wanted to win over the Southern Song Dynasty, and the contradictions between the Jin Kingdom and the Mongols were particularly deep.

The main reason is that the Song Dynasty had a better attitude towards Mongolia, but Cong Xian absolutely infiltrated Mongolia to destroy the Jin Dynasty, and the Jin people still wanted to resist, so Mongolia's attitude towards it was also different.

Mongolia's power in China's history is very great, and Mongolia has repeatedly invaded China's Central Plains. However, in the face of the powerful Song State, Mongolia could only adopt a relaxed political posture.

Because the attitude of the Jin people towards Mongolia was also very bad, and there were also manifestations of resistance, but the Song Dynasty showed a relatively mild attitude.

Because the Mongols and the Jin Kingdom are actually the same ancestor, it can be said that they are both companions, but the royal family of the Song Dynasty is Han people, which is different from the Mongols.

1. First of all, it is because Mongolia and Jin have a century-old feud; Historically, there was a deep hatred between the Mongols and the Jin dynasty. At the beginning of the Jin Kingdom, with its strong combat power, in just over ten years, it successively destroyed the Liao State and the Northern Song Dynasty, two old East Asian powers. However, even the Jin State, which swallowed Liao and destroyed the Song Dynasty, was unable to deal with them when they were facing the successive invasions of the Mongol tribes.

During the reign of Jin Xizong, he sent Jin Wushu, the number one general of the Jin State, to personally lead 80,000 elite soldiers into the grassland to conquer the Mongolian tribes. However, in the end, it was still in vain, and there were also heavy losses. So, if Ming didn't work, Jin Guo decided to play the rotten Hengyin.

After that, the Jin State changed its main attack strategy and adopted a "divide and rule" strategy against the Mongol tribes. Later, the Jin authorities simply bribed the Mongolian Tatar tribe and let them betray the Khan, which eventually led to the execution of the Khan by Jin Xizong nailed to the "wooden donkey". And this murdered Baba Khan is the ancestor of Genghis Khan!

Genghis Khan not only had a "family feud" with the Jin State, but also had a deep "national hatred". Because, in order to weaken the threat of the Mongol tribes to itself, the Jin State not only adopted a strategy of division, but also implemented a brutal strategy of "reducing Ding". During the reign of Jin Shizong, the Jin army went deep into the steppe every three years and brutally slaughtered the Mongolian people regardless of men, women and children.

Therefore, from Genghis Khan to the Mongolian people, everyone hated the Jin country. And this hatred is the primary reason why the Mongols wiped out their clans after the destruction of Jin. 2. Secondly, it is because from the Great Mongolian Kingdom to the Yuan Dynasty, the civilization level of the Mongols has increased; With the fall of the Jin Kingdom, the alliance between Song and Mongolia came to an end.

The Mongol cavalry soon aimed its troops at the Southern Song Dynasty. After that, the military and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty relied on the Jianghuai defense line and stubbornly resisted the Mongolian (Yuan) for more than 40 years. In 1258, during the Battle of Diaoyu City, the Song army wounded Möngke Khan with artillery, resulting in his death from his wounds.

The sudden death of Möngke Khan also quickly plunged the Mongol Empire into a fierce battle for the throne. In the end, the battle for the throne ended with Kublai Khan, who was heavily influenced by Han culture, defeating Ali Buge. Kublai Khan then combined the system of Han civilization, established the Yuan Dynasty as emperor, and established the Yuan Dynasty.

The Yuan Dynasty established by Kublai Khan was actually different from the original Mongol Empire founded by Genghis Khan. The nature of the Mongol Empire belonged to the steppe tribal empire of the steppe civilization, while the Yuan Dynasty was a Chinese-style feudal dynasty of agrarian civilization, and the degree of civilization has been greatly improved. Therefore, in the Yuan Dynasty's war to destroy the Song Dynasty, it was naturally much more civilized than the Mongol war to destroy the Jin.

The fall of the Southern Song Dynasty was during the reign of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty. Yuan Shizu himself very much agreed with the Confucian culture of the Confucianism, so in the process of destroying the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty in the Yuan Shizu era naturally had to follow the rules of Confucianism, at least in form, treat the Southern Song Dynasty clan well. Kyungpei.

Although the Song Dynasty was a very prosperous dynasty, it was relatively weak in terms of military strength, but the Jin State was also a minority regime with very strong military strength.

Why did the Mongols have such a different attitude towards the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty? It is roughly divided into two points:1The vicissitudes of the Mongols. 2.The Mongols and the Jin Dynasty were blind and resentful.

In ancient times, the Jurchen people did not attach importance to their surnames, and all took their tribal names as surnames. For example, many people in the Wanyan Department have the surname Wanyan, and most of the people in the Yehe Department have the surname Yehe. Nurhachi's distant ancestor's surname was Jiagu, and he was a distant branch of the Aixin (old Jurchen "press out of the Tiger Tribe") tribe.

So one of them was named Jueluo. Then the surname of the tribe was Aixin (Manchu: aisin, the meaning of gold) and because it was a distant branch, it was named Jueluo (Manchu goro or gioro, the meaning of the distant branch).

Then he called Aixin Jueluo Nurhachi. His son, Emperor Taiji, founded the Qing Dynasty, imitated the Han system, abolished the distinction between the distant branches and the great sects, and made Aixin Jueluo a surname. Due to the detailed division of the distant branch clans of the Jurchen clan in ancient times, many surnames appeared in the division of Jueluo:

Ilgen Jueluo, Ayan Jueluo, Shushu Jueluo, Ge Liang Jueluo, Xilin Jueluo, Tongyan Jueluo, Hulun (Hulun) Jueluo, Jiamuhu Jueluo, Aha Jueluo, Ilala Jueluo, Chala Jueluo, etc. The first two (three) characters of Zhujue Luo are place names or identities, and the last two characters are surnames. In the early days of Aixinjue Luo's rule in the Central Plains, the descendants were not named according to their generations, and the Han people began to use the method of naming them according to their generations during the Kangxi period.

In the early years of Kangxi, several princes had successively named after the words "inheritance", "protection" and "long", and Kangxi used the word "Yin" in 20 years, among which the name of Yongzheng, the son of Emperor Kangxi, was Yinzhen, and the grandchildren used "Hong", and the great-grandchildren used "Yong". During the Qianlong period, according to a poem written by him, it was decided that future generations should use "Yong", "Mian", "Yi", and "Zai". Daoguang set "Pu", "Yu", "Heng", "Qi", Xianfeng set "Tao", "Min", "Increase", "Qi".

In 1938, while revising the genealogy of Aixinjue Luo, Pu Yi added 12 words, "Respect for Kairui, Xiying Yuansheng, and Zhengzhao Maoxiang".

Wanyan is a Jurchen tribe. And the Manchu Qing Dynasty's Aixin Jueluo claimed to be the descendants of the Wanyan clan and finally unified the Jurchen clan in the name of the Jurchens, and he was really a slave with three surnames, and the master of the Manchu clan in the world should be the Wanyan clan not Aixin Jueluo!

The Jurchen is not more than 10,000, and more than 10,000 are invincible! The totem of their nation is Haidongqing.

A nation, not a surname.

The Jin people of the Song Dynasty are now the Manchus of China, the Jin Dynasty is a feudal dynasty established by the Jurchen people in Chinese history, a total of ten emperors, enjoy the country for one hundred and twenty years, in 1115, Wanyan Agu unified the Jurchen tribes, and expelled the rule of the Khitan, and established the Jin Dynasty.

In 1615, Nurhachi, the leader of the Jurchens in Jianzhou, called Khan the founding of the country in Hetuala, on the bank of the Erdao River in Xinbin County, and the country was called "Dajin", and it was known as Houjin in history. In 1635, Huang Taiji was changed to Manchu, and in 1644, the Qing Dynasty established by the Manchus entered the Central Plains, becoming the second dynasty in Chinese history to unify ethnic minorities.

Culture. The Manchus have their own language, script. The Manchu language belongs to the Manchu-Tungusic branch of the Altaic language family.

The Manchu script was created at the end of the 16th century. In the Song and Jin dynasties, the Jurchens had their own scripts, and the early Jurchen scripts were syllabic scripts born from Chinese characters, but they have been lost for a long time.

At the end of the 16th century, after Nurhachi unified the northeastern provinces, he spelled the Manchu pronunciation in the Mongolian alphabet, and the shape was minyu into a new script, called "Old Manchu". During the Huang Taiji period, circles were added to the borrowed Mongolian alphabet to distinguish phonetics, which was called circled Manchu or "new Manchu".

As an official language, Manchu was used for a long time in the Qing Dynasty, and once became a widely used language throughout the country, leaving a large number of archival materials, and becoming a treasure in the treasure house of the Chinese nation's cultural heritage. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu language was gradually abandoned, and the Manchus basically used the northern dialect of Chinese, only the banner people and the flag book**, and the Manchu language must still be used on some specific occasions.

By the 80s of the 20th century, the Manchu language had disappeared, except for a few elderly people of the Xibe ethnic group in the northeast and Xinjiang, who could still use the Manchu language. However, as a language that was once widely spoken, Manchu has left a deep imprint on the Chinese dialects in many places. Today, there are still a large number of Manchu phonetics and vocabulary in the Chinese language in various parts of Northeast China and in Beijing and other places.

The descendants of the garrison banner people who stayed all over the country mostly spoke the northern dialects mixed with local pronunciation, forming "dialect islands" one by one.

There are traces of nonsense. Wanyan, surname.

Anyone with the surname Wanyan is dressed as a Pei Jurchen tribe, that is, a Manchu people.

From 1115 to 1234 AD, the Jurchen Wanyan Min (Aguta) and the Ten Emperors of the lineage established the Jin Dynasty in the northeast, which lasted for 120 years.

Therefore, Wanyan is the surname of the Jin Dynasty. According to historical records, there are more than 100 kinds of Jurchen surnames, divided into the surname of the white number and the surname of the black number, the Jurchens advocate white, and white is precious, therefore, the surname of the white number belongs to the surname of the nobility is much more noble than the surname of the black number, and the Wanyan family name is the royal surname, so it has become the most noble surname among the white surnames, ranking first among the white names. Wan Yan is in Jurchen language"Wang"It means that the king of emperors.

According to the "Chronicles of the Great Jin Kingdom" written by Yuwen Maozhao of the Song Dynasty, when Aguta was the emperor and founded the country, he took the advice of Yang Pu, a Bohai scholar"With Wang as the surname, Man as the name, and the country name Dajin".The pronunciation of Wanyan, with Chinese characters"Wang"The pronunciation of the words is similar, therefore"Finished"It is very likely that it is the Jurchen language"Wang"transliteration of . Since the Jin Dynasty, the Wanyan Jurchens, the descendants of the Jin clan who moved and moved due to the war, settled in family clusters and became local noble clans in the following areas

Feidong in Anhui, Quanzhou in Fujian, Changhua in Taiwan, Jingchuan in Gansu.

Since the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchens who have not returned to the East have mostly retained their own ethnic differences.

At present, the Wan, Yuan, and Sticky surnames in Anhui, Fujian, and Taiwan have been verified to be descendants of the Wanyan clan of the Jurchen clan of the Jin Dynasty.

After the fall of the Jin Dynasty, Wanyan Shouxiang returned to the east, and his descendants were recognized by the Later Jin (Qing) and included in the Yellow Banner Manchuria. Today, Wanyan's family or only more Han surnames are changed to Wang or Wang. Historical Figures:

There are famous people in the Wanyan family, and they have emerged in an endless stream for a hundred years. Wan Yanwei. Wanyan Linqing and so on.

The Jin people of the Song Dynasty were the ancestors of the modern Manchus, and they had an antagonistic relationship with the Mongols in the past.

1. Relationship with the Manchus:

A Jurchen tribe that first appeared in the 7th century. The Jurchen people in the literature of the Yuan Dynasty have other names such as Nuzhi, Shui Dada, My Savage, Beggar Fans, and Guwei.

In Mongolian, the Jurchen is called Aletan, and it is called the Golden Emperor Altan Khan, which was originally the ethnic name of all Jurchens. In the first year of Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (1403), Emperor Zhu Di of the Ming Dynasty sent people to the Heilongjiang and Ussuri River valleys to appease the Jurchen people.

Jurchen, the original work "Zhu Li Zhen", also known as "Zhu Li Tuote", "Master Er Che Ti", "Master Er Tu Ti", "Clumsy Ercha Gang", Manchu called "Zhu Shen", "Zhu Shen". In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the Central Plains people called them Tatars, Tatars, Northern Soldiers, etc., and their armies were called captives.

On October 13, the ninth year of Jin Tiancong (1635), Huang Taiji issued an order to change the name of the clan to Jurchen to Manchuria, and from then on, the name of Manchuria officially appeared.

2. Relationship with the Mongolian people:

The national oppression and economic plundering of the Jurchens forced them to rebel many times. During the reign of Yuan Shizu, "Nuzhi" and Shui Dada took advantage of Naiyan's rebellion to "connect" with Naiyan and rebelled against the rule of the Mongol aristocracy. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there were Jurchens living in Liaodong who locked the fire slaves and rebelled, claiming to be the "descendants of the Great Jin", although they were suppressed by the Mongol nobles, but they impacted the rule of the Yuan Dynasty and accelerated the demise of the Yuan Dynasty.