Why didn t the Southern Song Dynasty take Jin as orthodoxy?

A dynasty is not orthodox.

In addition to being related to the strength of the country and the size of the territory, it is also related to its own culture, that is, soft power. Although it was larger and more powerful than Jin, it was originally developed as a tribal alliance of slave owners, and there was no cultural inheritance, just a flash in the pan. And the Southern Song Dynasty.

Inherit the Northern Song Dynasty. Orthodoxy, culturally, economically, and politically, is a continuation of successive Han dynasties, and later the Southern Song and Jin dynasties.

Regardless of the two sides, Jin did not have absolute certainty to eliminate the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty did not have enough strength to eliminate Jin. Therefore, in the case of similar strength and territory, the Southern Song Dynasty, which inherited the advanced culture, was orthodox.

1. There is not much difference in the territory and strength of the two countries. The founder of the Southern Song Dynasty was King Kang.

Zhao Gou still belongs to the Zhao family in blood, and Zhao Gou is called Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty.

And Song Qinzong has been taken away by the Jin people, and the heir has not been designated, according to the relationship between the dynasties of our country, it has a certain legitimacy. In addition, the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty was originally the territory of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the social system and political structure had hardly changed, only the monarch had changed, simply put, it was a change of monarch and a change of capital, and the monarch essentially belonged to the Zhao family, so it was logical for the Southern Song Dynasty to inherit the orthodox status of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Although the territory of the Jin Dynasty was larger, it was a shame in Jingkang.

Later, the Jin Dynasty weakened, and the strength of the two countries was not much different, and finally it was jointly eliminated by the Mongol and Song dynasties, so the rise of the Jin Dynasty was only temporary.

Second, the continuation of culture and the strength of soft power are stronger. Jin Jurchen tribe.

There is no cultural continuity, and in the early days, it was still a backward slave ownership system, so it could only be regarded as a rookie both economically and culturally, and there was no deep cultural precipitation. The Southern Song Dynasty inherited the traditional Han culture.

And also developed a new culture, the Southern Song Dynasty Song poetry and Tang poetry at the same time, scientific and technological strength has also been steadily improved, papermaking.

Printing and gunpowder were widely used. From the perspective of cultural precipitation, it is obvious that the Southern Song Dynasty is more orthodox.

Dongliao said: At that time, the Mongolian, Southern Song Dynasty, and Eastern Liao Red Jacket Army destroyed Jin together. It is also regarded as the destruction of the Liao Dynasty. Qi Erman said: My Western Liao is almost the same as the destruction of Jin. You Jin is gone, and the Khitan regime in Western Liao is still there after me.

Yidi's monarchy is not as good as the summer's nothingness.

Because culture represents China.

Because the Jin people did not have a cultural continuity, in the early days, they were still backward slave owners, so they could only be regarded as a rookie both economically and culturally, and there was no deep cultural precipitation.

Because there was a feud between the Jin State and the Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty wished to destroy the Jin State directly.

Since ancient times, the Central Plains have been orthodox with Han people, and the Jin people are only a minority and cannot be called orthodox.

Why did the Qing Dynasty not respect the Jin Dynasty and take the Southern Song Dynasty as orthodoxy?

Whether the Manchus were direct descendants of the Jurchens of the Jin Dynasty is a big question mark, because after the Mongol Song Dynasty destroyed the Jin Dynasty, there were so many ethnic minorities in Northeast China, but none of the Jurchens reappeared. Isn't that doubtful? In my opinion, the Jurchens were a native minority in the Northeast, while the Manchus migrated to the Northeast after the Tunguska in Siberia, and they initially established themselves to find Andy for the powerful forces, and the Mongols were too conspicuous and were also lining up as strategic opponents, so it is necessary to look for a Jurchen ruler who is recognized, and once he enters his thigh to name the Jurchen, there is no need for a thigh, and the Manchus officially appear under the name of the Manchu Qing, which can explain your problem.

The predecessor of the <> Manchu was the Jurchen tribe, and from the beginning of Huang Taiji's entry into the customs, in order to cooperate with Wu Sangui's surrender, he helped the Ming Dynasty fight Li Zicheng. In order to prevent the Han people from saying that they are foreigners, and to help the Ming Dynasty fight, they can win over relations. Therefore, he changed the Jurchen to the Manchu and changed the name of the country after the Jin to the Qing Dynasty.

Because Daming is a fire attribute, Qing is a water attribute, and water can extinguish fires. History begins with Qin Shi Huang, which is water, and history begins with water and ends with water.

The Manchus had nothing to do with the Jurchens. After the fall of the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchens suffered blows from the Mongol Empire and the Southern Song Dynasty, and most of them perished or completely integrated into the Han Chinese. Only a handful remained in the Northeast.

The ancestors of the Manchus came from the Tunguska region of Russia. They entered northeastern China in the last years of the Ming Dynasty and integrated part of the Mongols and Liaodong Han to form the Manchus. Nurhachi's ancestors were Mongols.

The Manchus claimed to be the Houjin just to have a sense of historical existence, but in fact they were well aware that they were not descendants of the Jurchens. The Manchu dynasty respected the Southern Song Dynasty as much as the Manchu dynasty respected Confucius. They want to claim to be the rightful heir to China.

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Because the emperor of the Qing Dynasty at that time felt that the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty was very good, and felt that the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty was particularly dedicated, the Qing Dynasty did not respect the Jin Dynasty at that time, but respected the Southern Song Dynasty.

The Jin State during the Song Dynasty was established by the Wanyan Jurchens, and the Later Jin during the Ming Dynasty was the Jianzhou Jurchens.

Established, they are all ancient Tunguska.

Although the ethnic groups of human blood belong to the same ethnic group, they are not the same as the Henan Han and Hebei Han people. Even language is not necessarily uniform. The completion of the Jurchen tribe of the Jin State and the establishment of Manchuria.

The Jianzhou Jurchen Department has no inheritance relationship.

1. The general term for the peoples of Tungusic origin.

in the Northeast.

and the vast ethnic groups of the Siberian region basically have the blood of the ancient Tungus. In the Zhou Dynasty it was called Su Shen, the Han and Jin dynasties were called Rulou, the Northern and Southern Dynasties were called Beji, the Sui and Tang dynasties were called Jin Yan, the Song Dynasty began to be called Jurchen, and after the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Manchuria. In fact, the same ethnic group, different names in different periods.

However, this nation did not form a unified state in the history before the Song Dynasty, and there were exchanges, contradictions, antagonisms, and integrations between various tribes. During the Song Dynasty, the Wanyan Jurchens rose and established the Jin regime, after which they defeated the Khitans and unified the Jurchen tribes.

2. The difference between the two tribes.

After the establishment of the Jin State, the Jurchen tribes were unified, which also included the ancestors of the Manchus, the Jianzhou Jurchens. But at that time, the Jianzhou Jurchens were very backward, and the Wanyan Jurchens looked down on them at all. Politically, the Jianzhou Jurchen did not have the status of a complete Jurchen.

Culturally, there is a big difference. After the establishment of the Jin state, the Jurchen script was created according to the Khitan script and Chinese characters, which looked very similar to the Chinese characters.

At the same time, the status of the Jianzhou Jurchens was low, and they almost did not master the Jurchen script of that year. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Jianzhou Jurchens established the Later Jin regime, which was later changed to Manchuria, and the Manchus began to gradually take shape. They are based on the Mongolian script.

Manchu was created. The descendants of the Wanyan Jurchen tribe at that time were basically integrated into the Han nationality.

So to speak: the same Jurchens.

The blood is close, but belongs to a different group with great differences, Nurhachi.

The established Hou Jin did not inherit anything from the Jin State at that time.

The Jin Dynasty, which was juxtaposed with the Song Dynasty, was not the Central Plains Dynasty in the traditional sense, and the traditional scholars did not recognize the Jin Dynasty as an orthodox regime, only the Song Dynasty was recognized as an orthodox regime, and after the Qing Dynasty took over the world, in order to ensure the legitimacy of its own regime and stabilize its own regime, it respected the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty as orthodox, indicating that their regime was legitimate and reasonable!

Because during the Song Dynasty, the Jin State took turns to invade the Central Plains in the south, whether it was the Northern Song Dynasty or the Southern Song Dynasty, they were deeply affected, resulting in all the Song (Han) people hating the Jin State to the core, so that in the end, when the United Meng destroyed the Jin, the corpses and bones of the Jin Aizong were divided, and the Wanyan royal family of the Jin State was slaughtered, and even the Jurchen civilians of the Jin State died in nine lives. It can be seen how deep the Song (Han) people's hatred for the Jurchens of the Jin Kingdom is.

After the change of dynasty to the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchen Houjin State in order to achieve the goal of entering the customs to unify the Central Plains, it is necessary to win the hearts of the people of the Ming (Han) people, but after all, the majority of Han people in the Central Plains are very repulsive to the words "Jin State" and "Jurchen", in order to facilitate the rule, Huang Taiji changed the country name from Dajin to Daqing, and the national name was changed from Jurchen to "Manchurian" and no longer mentioned "Jin State" and "Jurchen", whether from the slogan or culture, they all respected the Han regime Song and Ming as orthodox, and also imitated the Ming Dynasty in the system, The degree of sinicization is far greater than that established by any large or small ethnic minority in history, so it can ensure the basic stability of society and form a unified dynasty.

The Song Dynasty was Chinese orthodoxy, and the Jin Dynasty imitated the Song Dynasty system.

The Qing Dynasty (Later Jin) did not respect the Jin Dynasty and took the Southern Song Dynasty as orthodoxy, mainly for the following reasons: 1National Identity:

The Qing Dynasty was founded by the Manchus, while the Jin Dynasty was founded by the Jurchens. Although the Manchus have a certain connection with the Jurchens, the Manchus have always emphasized their distinction from the Jurchens. As a result, the Manchu Qing dynasty was more inclined to consider the Southern Song Dynasty to be its own orthodoxy than the Jin dynasty.

2.Legitimacy of rule: At the beginning of the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, it faced challenges from the Ming Dynasty.

If the Jin Dynasty is respected as orthodox, it means that the Qing Dynasty is descended from the Liao and Song dynasties that were destroyed by the Jin Dynasty, which is not conducive to the Qing Dynasty establishing its own legitimacy and prestige. With the legitimacy of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Qing dynasty could emphasize itself as the legitimate successor from the Liao and Song dynasties in order to stabilize its rule. 3.

Cultural identity: Although the Jin Dynasty had a certain place in Chinese history, its culture was not valued at the time. On the contrary, the culture of the Southern Song Dynasty occupied an important position, and its art forms such as poetry and landscape painting had a profound impact on later generations.

As a result, the Qing dynasty was more inclined to identify with the culture of the Southern Song Dynasty. All in all, the Qing Dynasty (Later Jin) did not respect the Jin Dynasty and adopted the Southern Song Dynasty as orthodoxy, mainly based on various considerations such as ethnicity, legitimacy of rule, and culture.

There is a theory that when Aixin Jueluo's Jurchen was in the Jin Dynasty, it was a Jurchen tribe that was hostile to the Wanyan royal family of the Jin Dynasty and was forced to stay in the northeast.

Therefore, after the later Qing Dynasty was formally established, in order to avoid confusing the previous Jin Dynasty and not tracing the orthodoxy of the Jin Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, which was hostile to the Jin Dynasty, was chosen. The enemy of an enemy is a friend.

The relationship between the Qing Dynasty (Later Jin) and the Jin Dynasty was complicated, and although the former originated from the Later Jin, in fact, its founding was based on the fusion of the Later Jin with the power of the Ming Dynasty, rather than a direct succession of the Jin Dynasty. In addition, the Jin dynasty had a relatively negative image of Chinese history due to large-scale plundering and killing of the Central Plains during its reign. In contrast, although the Southern Song Dynasty was defeated in the war, its culture and institutions had some reference significance for the founding of the Qing Dynasty, so the Qing Dynasty preferred to take the Southern Song Dynasty as orthodoxy.

In addition, the founding philosophy of the Qing Dynasty was different from that of the traditional Han dynasty, and its political and cultural system was more in line with the characteristics of the Manchus, so it also had different views and attitudes towards the issue of political succession in history.

In the Kangxi Yongzheng era, the legal principle of the Qing Dynasty was that the fall of the Ming Dynasty had nothing to do with me, and the Northeast, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet, which the Ming Dynasty could not effectively administer, were all firmly controlled by the Qing Dynasty.

For the sake of the legitimacy of their own rule solid.

It's hard to say this, there is a feeling that the descendants of the Northern Song Dynasty emperor at that time combined with them, after all, two emperors went to the north during Jingkang.

This was a verbal propaganda in the Qianlong period, leaving a retreating backhand.

Jin and Qing were both regimes established by the Jurchens, and the young Emperor Taizong of Chongde Yuan was also named Jin before he became emperor.

The main reason why the Qing Dynasty took the Song Dynasty as orthodoxy was that some comrades in the Song Dynasty were still very formalized and had strong strength, so the Qing Dynasty felt that this comrade in the Song Dynasty was still very good, and the Jin Dynasty was a very small country and had no reputation.

Mainly because the Jin Dynasty was founded by the Huns. But the Qing Dynasty, like the Song Dynasty, was founded by the Manchus. So they believed in the Song Dynasty more.