What is soluble in water 10, what is soluble in water

Dissolution includes the process of diffusion of solutes in water and the process of combining solutes with water molecules, that is, the hydration process. Among them, the diffusion process is a physical process, and the hydration process is a chemical process. Principle of similarity and dissolution:

1.Polar solvents (such as water) are easy to dissolve polar substances (ionic crystals, polar substances in molecular crystals, such as strong acids, etc.); 2 Non-polar solvents (such as benzene, gasoline, carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, etc.) can dissolve non-polar substances (most organic matter, Br2, I2, etc.) 3 Substances containing the same functional group are miscible, such as hydroxyl group (?) in waterOH) can dissolve alcohols, phenols, and carboxylic acids containing hydroxyl groups.

Solubility of functional groups (1) Are there functional groups (i.e., hydrophilic groups) that are easily soluble in water? oh、?cho、?

cooh、?nh2。(2) The functional groups (i.e., hydrophobic groups) that are insoluble in water are:

All hydrocarbon groups (?cnh2n+1、?ch=ch2、?

c6h5, etc.), halogen atoms (?x), nitro (?NO2) and other 2 molecules The ratio of hydrophilic groups to hydrophobic groups affects the solubility of substances:

1) When the number of functional groups is the same, the solubility gradually decreases with the increase of the number of carbon atoms of hydrocarbon groups (hydrophobic groups). For example, solubility: CH3OH>C2H5OH>C3H7OH>......In general, alcohols with a carbon number greater than 5 are insoluble in water. (2) When the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group is the same, the greater the number of hydrophilic groups, the greater the solubility of the substance; For example, solubility:

ch3ch2ch2oh

1. Strong electrolytes: such as HCL, NaCl, etc.

2. Some organic matter: such as ethanol.

There is also another theory that polar compounds are soluble in water (because water is also a polar compound), as long as the molecular configuration is polar, most of them are soluble in water (except for some organic substances).

Hope mine is helpful to you.

Strong acids, strong alkalis, and most inorganic salts, as well as alcohol, etc.

Gases are: NH3

hclhbr

Hihcho, formaldehyde.

HF (liquefaction at a slightly lower temperature).

SO3 is not a gas at room temperature.

There's too much of this stuff to talk about. That's just a small part!!

Monohydrogen phosphate is generally soluble in water.

There are too many, and salts before the general atomic number table are soluble in water.

Substances that are insoluble in water are:Calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate (a small amount of precipitation), magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide (colloidal), silver bromide, barium carbonate, ferrous hydroxide, iron hydroxide, copper hydroxide, various hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitro compounds, esters, most polymers, advanced (refers to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, the same below) alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, etc.

The boundaries between insoluble in water and soluble in water are:1. The concept is different.

Insoluble in water" will not be soluble with water under any conditions.

insoluble in water" can only be achieved under harsh conditions.

"Not easily soluble in water" will not be miscible with water at room temperature, but it is possible under certain conditions.

2. The solubility is different.

The order of solubility from large to small is: not soluble in water insoluble in water insoluble in water.

3. The production conditions are different.

The conditions that are not easily soluble in water are the most harsh, and under any conditions, they will not be miscible with water; It is difficult to tolerate water, and will only be soluble with water when the conditions reach a certain standard; Unlike the conditions of water, it is relatively simple, as long as it is possible under certain conditions.

Insoluble in water are: all kinds of hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitro compounds, esters, most polymers, advanced (refers to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, the same below) alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, etc.

Soluble in water are: low-grade [generally referred to as n(c)4] alcohol, (ether), aldehyde, (ketone), carboxylic acid and salt, amino acid and salt, monosaccharide, disaccharide. (can form hydrogen bonds with water).

Soap, fruit juice, sugar, desiccant, adsorbent, gasoline, vinegar, glue, etc.

Water is a good solvent in nature, and there are many species that can be dissolved in water.

There is nothing absolutely insoluble in water, polar molecules can generally be soluble in water, and there are those that can form hydrogen bonds with water, and the specific situation has to be analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

1 Particularly active metals: K, Ca, Ba, Na, Mg (hot water) 2 Metal oxides: K2O, Cao, Bao, Na2O3 Soluble salts: potassium salts, sodium salts, ammonium salts, nitrates.

4 soluble bases: KOH, Ca(OH)2, BA(OH)2, NaOH, NH3 H2O

5. A few organic substances: ethanol, acetic acid, monosaccharides, disaccharides.

6. Non-metallic elements: F2, Cl2

7. Non-metallic oxides: CO2, SO2, SO3, NH3, NO28 Most acids: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, sulfurous acid, hydrosulfuric acid, etc.

It can only be said that all substances can be dissolved into water a little more or less... Does the landlord mean complete dissolution?

For example, substances that are easily soluble in water and easily ionized are actually soluble strong electrolytes, first of all, strong electrolytes include strong acids, strong bases, and most salts.

Strong acids, all soluble, remember 6 in high school, which are HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, Hi, HBR, HCO4

Strong alkalis are also dissolved, the common ones are Naoh, Koh, Ba(OH)2, and lime water is also used as a strong alkali.

In salt, remember less and not more, common insoluble: you need to classify memory, summarized as follows.

Sulfate, only two slightly soluble CaSO4, Ag2SO4, two insoluble, BaSO4, PBSO4

Chloride, bromide, iodide, only AGX is insoluble.

In the salts of weak acids, look at acid ions (including acid acids).

Acid roots have a negative charge and are generally soluble, with the exception of CaF2

For example, carbonated acid salts are generally soluble, as well as fluoride, sulfite acid salts, and dihydrogen phosphate ).

Acid roots with 2,,3 negative charges, generally only soluble, potassium salt, sodium salt, ammonium salt...

Such as carbonate, except for Na2CO3, K2CO3, (NH4)2CO3, the rest are insoluble or slightly soluble, sulfite, phosphate, biphosphate, sulfide, silicate are the same).

Substances that are easily soluble in water and easily ionized are actually soluble strong electrolytes, including strong acids, strong bases, and most salts.

Strong acids, all soluble, remember 6 in high school, which are HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, Hi, HBR, HCO4

Strong alkalis are also dissolved, the common ones are Naoh, Koh, Ba(OH)2, and lime water is also used as a strong alkali.

In salt, remember less and not more, common insoluble: you need to classify memory, summarized as follows.

Sulfate, only two slightly soluble CaSO4, Ag2SO4, two insoluble, BaSO4, PBSO4

Chloride, bromide, iodide, only AGX is insoluble.

In the salts of weak acids, look at acid ions (including acid acids).

Acid roots have a negative charge and are generally soluble, with the exception of CaF2

For example, carbonated acid salts are generally soluble, as well as fluoride, sulfite acid salts, and dihydrogen phosphate ).

Acid roots with 2,,3 negative charges, generally only soluble, potassium salt, sodium salt, ammonium salt...

Such as carbonate, except for Na2CO3, K2CO3, (NH4)2CO3, the rest are insoluble or slightly soluble, sulfite, phosphate, biphosphate, sulfide, silicate are the same).

There are too many liquids that are insoluble in water, and all oils (cooking oil, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc.) are insoluble in water, as well as benzene, liquid hydrocarbons, etc.

Water (HO) is an inorganic substance composed of hydrogen and oxygen, which is a colorless and odorless transparent liquid at room temperature and pressure. Water is one of the most common substances, an important resource for the survival of all life, including humans, and the most important component of living organisms.

Similar to soluble, because water is polar bonded, the liquid composed of basic polar bonds is soluble in water.

There are too many, according to the principle of similarity compatibility, it can be roughly distinguished by polarity and non-polarity. Since water is polar, polar liquids are soluble in water, while non-polar liquids are insoluble in water. The premise is that you know what polarity and non-polarity are. Acids, alcohols are soluble in water, oils, esters, hydrocarbons, insoluble in water.

Many. The common one is ethanol, which is alcohol. Methanol. Formic acid, acetic acid.