What are the components of memory and how to use it

Memorizer. It consists of a memory body, an address decoder, and a control circuit.

1) The storage body is the carrier of data information. It consists of a series of storage cells, each with a definite address. Memory cells are usually addressed in bytes, with one byte per memory unit and one 8-bit binary number per word.

It's like a big warehouse, divided into many rooms, the big warehouse is equivalent to the storage body, the room is equivalent to the byte, the rooms are numbered, and the number is the address.

2) The address decoder converts the address signal sent by the CPU into a select signal for a certain storage unit in the memory. It is equivalent to the CPU giving the address, and the address decoder finds the key to the corresponding address room. Usually the address is 8 bits or 1 6 bits, input to the address decoder, generate the corresponding strobe, 8-bit address can produce 28 = 256 strobes, that is, can strobe 256 bytes.

A 16-bit address can generate a 216 = 65536 = 64k root strobe, which means that it can strobe 64k bytes. Of course, it is difficult to imagine that 65,536 strobe lines are generated, but in fact it is divided into 256 row lines and 256 column lines, 256 x 256 = 65,536, which can be gated 65,536 memory cells.

3) The memory control circuit includes chip selection control, read/write control, and a three-state gate.

The input and output buffer circuits.

Chip selection control determines whether the memory chip is working.

Read and write control determines the direction of data transmission; In the case of a read command, the contents of the gated memory cell are transferred to the data bus.

Above; In the case of a write command, data from the data bus is transferred to a memory cell that has been gated.

Input-output buffer circuitry with tri-state gates is used for data buffering and to prevent data contention on the bus. The data bus is equivalent to a large road with a lot of traffic, and the vehicle can only enter the road under the condition of green light, otherwise it will crash and cause a traffic accident. In the same way, the output of the memory is connected to the data bus, and the data in the memory cannot be transferred to the data bus at will.

For example, if the data on the data bus is "1" (high.

5V), the data in the memory is "0" (low level OV), if the two data come together, a short circuit will occur and damage the microcontroller.

Therefore, the memory output port should not only present two states, "1" and "O", but also have a third state, "high impedance"."State. It is "high resistance.""In this case, their output ports are disconnected and have no effect on the data bus, which can be occupied by other devices. When other devices exhibit "high impedance.""In this case, the memory can only output its own data to the data bus under the conditions that chip selection and output are allowed.

The memory is composed of six parts: the memory body, the address register, the address decoding driver circuit, the read-write control logic, the data register, and the read-write driver.

The memory body is the core of the memory and is the collection of storage cells.

The address register is used to store the address of the CPU accessing the memory cell, which is driven by decoding and points to the corresponding memory cell.

The decoder converts the address code input of the address bus into a high-level or low-level signal on the corresponding decoding output line, to indicate that a certain unit is selected, and the driver provides a driving current to drive the corresponding read-write circuit, and completes the read-write operation to the selected unit.

The read-write driver is used to complete the read-write operation of each person in the selected unit, including the read-out amplifier, the write-out circuit, and the read-write control circuit.

Data registers are used to temporarily store data read out of a storage cell or data to be written to memory from the CPU output IO port.

The read-write control logic receives start-up, chip-select, read-write, and clear-up commands from the CPU, and after comprehensive processing by the control circuit, it sends out a set of timing signals to control the memory.

First, the main function of memory:

1. Random Access Memory (RAM).

2. Read-only memory (ROM).

3. Flash memory.

4. First-in, first-out memory (FIFO).

5. FILO.

Second, the memory is divided into several levels, the main reasons:

1. Reasonably solve the contradiction between speed and cost to obtain a higher performance ratio.

Disk storage** is less expensive and can be used as a large capacity, but it is slower to access, so it can be used as external memory for a small number of accesses, and a large number of programs, raw data (many programs and data are temporarily excluded from the calculation), and running results.

2. The use of disk as external memory is not only cheap, but also can make the storage capacity very large, and the information it stores is not lost when the power is off, it can be stored for a long time, and it is very convenient to copy and carry.

Knowledge of storage systems.

The storage system consists of a hardware system (disk array.

controllers, disk cabinets, tape libraries, etc.), storage software (backup software; Management software, snapshots.

Replication and other value-added software), storage network (HBA cards, fiber switches, FC SAS cables, etc.), and storage solutions (centralized storage, archiving, backup, disaster recovery, etc.).

A storage system is made up of hardware systems (disk arrays, controllers, disk cabinets, tape libraries, etc.).

The memory is composed of six parts: the memory body, the address register, the address decoding driver circuit, the read-write control logic, the data register, and the read-write driver.

A storage system is a system composed of various storage devices, control components, and equipment (hardware) and algorithms (software) for managing information scheduling in a computer.

d. Memory parts.

The main disadvantage of the storage medium that makes up the memory is the use of semiconductor devices and magnetic materials. The smallest unit of memory is a bistable semiconductor circuit or a CMOS tube or a memory element of a magnetic material that can store a binary**.

A memory cell is made up of several storage elements, and then a memory is formed by many memory cells. Memory structureIn the MCS-51 series microcontroller, the program memory and data memory are independent of each other, and the physical structure is also different.

Answer]: According to its use in the computer surface system, the memory root excitation liquid is divided into three categories: internal memory (memory), external memory (external memory) and cache. The main memory is used to store programs and data that can be directly accessed by the CPU, which is characterized by high speed, less capacity, and high per bit.

External memory is mainly used to store currently inactive programs and data, which is slow, large in capacity, and low in unit. Buffer memory is mainly used to buffer between two components with different working speeds, such as between the CPU and memory, and its access speed is higher than that of memory, of course, the capacity is smaller.

The role and characteristics of each level of memory:

L2 cache is a CPU (CPU) with multiple buffers. It is divided into two types of chips: the internal chip L2 cache runs at the same speed as the main frequency, while the external L2 cache is only half the main frequency.

Due to the limitation of L1 cache capacity, in order to increase the computing speed of the CPU again, a high-speed memory, that is, L2 cache, is placed outside the CPU.

The L2 cache works at a flexible frequency that can be at the same frequency as the CPU or different. When the CPU reads data, it looks in the L1 cache, then from the L2 cache, then the memory, and then the external memory. Therefore, the impact of L2 cache on the system cannot be ignored.

Memory mainmemory is referred to as main memory. It is an important part of the computer, and its function is to store instructions and data, and can be directly and randomly accessed by the **CPU (CPU) (CPU). Modern computers often use multi-level storage systems in order to improve performance and take into account reasonable cost.

That is, the buffer memory with a small storage capacity and high access speed, and the main memory with moderate storage capacity and access speed are indispensable.

The main memory stores information by address, and the access speed is generally independent of the address. A 32-bit (bit) address can express a memory address of up to 4 GB. This is enough for most applications, but it is not enough for some extremely large computing applications and large databases that are extremely sensitive to the needs of the 64-bit structure.

Summary. Hello. Common internal memories include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), cache, physical memory, and address space.

Hello. Hu Sui's common internal memory tremors mainly include read-only memory (ROM), random memory (RAM), cache, physical memory, and address space.

Memory is one of the important components in a computer, which is composed of memory chips, circuit boards, gold fingers and other parts, which is a bridge to communicate with the CPU. Memory, also known as internal memory, is used to temporarily store computing data in the CPU and to exchange data with external memory such as hard disks. The running of all programs in the computer is carried out in memory, and the operation of memory determines the stable operation of the computer, so the performance of the memory has a great impact on the computer.

There is a very important part of the structure of a computer, which is memory. Memory is a part used to store programs and data, for the computer, with memory, there is only the ability to memorize, in order to ensure the normal work file training. There are many types of memory, which can be divided into primary memory and auxiliary memory according to their use, and main memory is also known as internal memory.