Montesquieu and Rousseau respectively proposed what kind of ideas for a new capitalist system

Montesquieu was the separation of powers, and Rousseau was the sovereignty of the people.

Summary. Hello dear, the first fundamental principle is the principle of private property, which is the backbone of the entire capitalist legal system, and the "inviolability of private property" is the right that the bourgeoisie most strongly demands to guarantee, as Lenin said: "The spirit and basic content of all previous constitutions, even the most democratic republican constitutions, boil down to the point of ownership."

The second basic principle is the principle of "sovereignty in the people", where "national sovereignty belongs to the people", which mainly refers to a parliamentary or ** election or referendum every few years, which is a political form in which the people decide who will rule and govern the country. In practice, however, state power is directly or indirectly controlled by the bourgeoisie, as Marx and Engels put it: "The modern state power is nothing more than a committee for the management of the common affairs of the bourgeoisie as a whole."

Hello dear, the first basic repentance is the principle of private property, which is the backbone of the entire capitalist legal system, and the "inviolability of private property" is the right that the bourgeoisie most strongly demands to protect, as Lenin said: "The spirit and basic content of all previous constitutions, even the most democratic republican constitutions, boil down to the point of ownership." The two basic principles of the first hail are the principle of "sovereignty in the people", where "national sovereignty belongs to the people", mainly refers to the parliament or election or referendum every few years, which is a political form in which the people decide who will rule and manage the country.

In practice, however, state power is directly or indirectly controlled by the bourgeoisie, as Marx and Engels put it: "The modern state power is nothing more than a committee for the management of the common affairs of the bourgeoisie as a whole." ”

The third basic principle is the principle of separation of powers and checks and balances, emphasizing that the legislative, executive, and judicial organs are three different forms of political and administrative activities that check each other, and that organs composed of different people must exercise their functions separately. The U.S. Constitution is the most typical expression of the principle of separation of powers and checks and balances. The fourth fundamental principle is the principle of human rights, which emphasizes the fundamental and inviolable rights of "free and autonomous individuals".

Montesquieu, in his book On the Spirit of Law, put forward the principle of the separation of the three perfections in capitalist society.

Montesquieu's doctrine inherited Locke's doctrine of separation of powers and checks and balances, and made great progress compared with it, especially the confirmation of the independent status of the judicial power, which greatly promoted the development of the theory of separation of powers and checks and balances. Satisfied.

Montesquieu put forward the idea of separation of powers, and the first country to put this idea into practice was the United States, Rousseau's ideas influenced the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolution.