Why did the Qing Dynasty, which had been divided for half a century, declare war in 1900?

Although it is normal for there to be some friction between countries, if it leads to a group fight from many countries, it is more about finding the cause itself. You should think about it carefully, why are you being beaten by others? And no one else.

After the Qing Dynasty entered its later years, it was particularly miserable, and he attracted a group of Western countries, and everyone liked to gather and bully it. Why? I think there are several reasons, the first is that Qing** is not strong.

As far as the country is concerned, if it is backward, it will be beaten, and this is an eternal truth.

If the country's strength is strong enough, foreign countries will not dare to invade it at all. It is a pity that due to the policy of closing the Qing Dynasty to the outside world, the rulers chose to close the window of communication with foreign countries, resulting in the later China simply not keeping up with the pace of the world and lagging behind the world by a large margin. And before the First Sino-Japanese War began, many Western countries believed that the Qing Dynasty had a great chance of winning, after all, it was through the Westernization Movement, how could it make great progress.

Unexpectedly, Japan, which is only a small country, can easily defeat the Qing Dynasty army. The Qing Dynasty itself was so weak, of course, it would arouse the hunting interest of the strong.

Moreover, under the influence of the industrial revolution at that time, the goods of many countries were produced, and there was no market in their own country, and their market was close to saturation, so of course they would focus on the Qing Dynasty, which had a vast market. You must know that the market of the Qing Dynasty at that time was really attractive, and for Western countries, it was easy to open the Chinese market, and it was okay to find an excuse at will, after all, the Qing Dynasty was so weak. Of course, there was a direct reason that caused the group beating in Western countries, that is, the death of the Empress Dowager Cixi.

In June 1900, the Empress Dowager Cixi directly declared war on eleven countries of the world. My God, there are many powerful countries in those countries, how can the Qing Dynasty withstand their attacks. Originally, those countries wanted to get the many benefits of the Qing Dynasty, and now they can declare war on them, and they can all form a group to come to China to get benefits.

The reason is because he is too weak. It is precisely because of his lack of strength that he will attract the covetousness of powerful opponents. You can think carefully about why no country dared to do such an act in the early Qing Dynasty, and in the late Qing Dynasty, those countries dared to extend their clutches to China.

It's not because the national strength of the late Qing Dynasty was weak, so weak that everyone wanted to bully.

Because in 1900, the Qing Dynasty also made certain reforms, and also achieved certain results, so they wanted to fight hard, but they did not recognize the current situation of society, and still ended in failure.

In 1900, Cixi realized that the threat to the rule of the Boxers far exceeded that of the Boxers, and at that time, the Boxer Rebellion broke out and flocked to Beijing, and she wanted to use the power of the Boxers to resist the invasion of the Boxers.

Because the Qing Dynasty had been bullied and oppressed by foreign invaders for too long, they couldn't stand it, and they thought they had learned advanced Western technology, so the Qing Dynasty declared war in 1900.

The place where the Qing army patrolled was geographically remote, and the news was relatively closed and they didn't know that the Qing Dynasty had fallen, so they kept patrolling.

They are a group of soldiers who have been forgotten by the Qing **, patrolling day after day year after year, and they don't know that the Qing ** is dead due to the loss of contact with the outside world.

1. The unintentional insertion of the great powers.

As the last great unified dynasty in our country, the Qing Dynasty inherited almost all the advantages of the previous dynasty and learned all the lessons of the previous dynasty, which made the Qing Dynasty achieve unprecedented success in empire building, and it is not an exaggeration to describe it as the "most successful" dynasty.

Article **2 But the flaws and advantages of the Qing Dynasty were almost as obvious, and that was the minority status of the rulers. Although for more than 200 years, the Qing emperors have been trying to bridge the differences between the Manchu and Han peoples, and the people have gradually become numb to the Sui Feng attack. However, once the hatred between ethnic groups is ignited, it can still ignite a sky-high fire, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is a typical case.

However, this peasant uprising, which affected 18 provinces across the country, did not overthrow the Qing Dynasty, and the reason for this situation was the "help" of the foreign powers.

At the beginning of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the great powers maintained the so-called "neutrality" and waited to see how the situation changed. Later, because of the cold water poured by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the great powers began to side with the Qing Dynasty one after another, and even sent foreign guns to help the Qing army fight, which made the Qing Dynasty finally victorious.

Because of the intervention of the foreign powers and their own considerations to side with the Qing Dynasty, the class conflict, including the peasant uprising, began to become complicated, and the struggle of the people at the bottom against the Qing Dynasty became a duel with the Qing Dynasty and the combined forces of the Great Powers, and the difficulty coefficient can be imagined.

The feudal dynasty was already in the late stage of the Qing Dynasty, and fatigue had appeared. Although there is a prosperous era of Kangqian, it is only a return to the light. At this time, the main trend of the times was capitalism, so the replacement of feudal society was an inevitable historical event.

The dark decay of the political Zen Qingqing **. Its representative figure is Cixi, and she even celebrates her birthday, so that the military expenses of the new army become her gift money. This also led to the joke that during the First Sino-Japanese Naval War, our ** team didn't even have artillery shells.

In fact, it's not that complicated, Zaifeng said the truth back then, and the world was stable with soldiers in his hands. It's a pity that the soldiers in the later years of the Qing Dynasty were still from the imperial court? If you don't die, it's no wonder that He Cha holds it.

Civilization + Barbarism = Prosperity. The world powers, who are not armed to the teeth and also restrict the people, cannot accept such ideas, because it will have an impact on their rule, so they simply put an end to such things. At that time, the Qing Dynasty was not without such conditions, there were many missionaries who came to China to spread their ideas, at that time their intentions were very simple, but they felt that China was no longer so advanced, so they should be like China helped other countries at the beginning, in the face of the current backward China, and use ideas to save them, but I didn't expect them to be very stubborn, and these ideas completely disagreed with the Qing Dynasty's sour and demise.

Because of Li Hongzhang's contributions! It was also all because Li Hongzhang bargained with the foreigners when he signed the treaty that Dayu Tuanqing was able to delay Chuncha and linger for a period of time, otherwise the Qing Dynasty would have perished, Li Hongzhang had worked hard to destroy the eggplant at the last moment of his life, and he was scolded for betraying the country, which really shouldn't be.

First, the Qing Dynasty paid attention to the integration of Han culture, especially since the Kangxi Dynasty, cultural and ethnic integration gradually began to strengthen, and until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu and Han cultures have reached a high degree of integration sincerity.

Second, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty were good at employing people, and many influential figures of that era emerged in the early, middle and late Qing Dynasty.

Third, policies such as apportioning the land into the stove hall and the introduction of new crops such as sweet potatoes have greatly eased the pressure on grain and reduced the burden on the poor.

Fourth, after entering the modern era, due to the invasion of foreign invaders, the Chinese nation shared the same hatred and hatred, and the main contradiction was with foreign invaders, which was also conducive to the stability of the Qing Dynasty itself.

The most important thing is that the policy of closing the country is more harmful than beneficial to the development of the country, but it is more beneficial than beneficial for the rulers.

Because the Eight-Nation Coalition controlled Cixi to control the Qing Dynasty, it could not survive until the 20th century, otherwise it would have received a boxed lunch.

The Qing Dynasty paid attention to the integration of Han culture, especially since Kang Gao Xingxi, cultural and ethnic integration gradually began to strengthen, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu and Han cultures have reached a high degree of lack of integration sincerity.

What does it mean to suddenly come like a night of spring breeze and thousands of trees and pear blossoms, and why can the scientific achievements of the 20th century be described in this poem?

Description Scientific and technological achievements are updated quickly, and there are many scientific and technological achievements, the Soviet Union (founded in 1922 and disintegrated into 15 countries in 1991).

Yuzhan Slavic (founded in 1918, dissolved into 5 states in 1991, now divided into 6 states).

Czechoslovakia (founded in 1918 and dissolved into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1992).

Pakistan (founded in 1947, formerly known as East Pakistan

West Pakistan, which became independent of Bangladesh in 1971).

Malaysia (founded in 1963 and Singapore withdrew from independence in 1965).

Cyprus (established in 1960 and became independent in the north as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in 1975, but was not recognized by the international community as de facto independence).

The United Arab Republic (founded in 1958, Syria withdrew from the UAE in 1961, and the UAE changed its name to Egypt in 1971).

Ethiopia (ancient country, from which Eritra Orange became independent in 1993).

This is related to the expansion of industrialization, after all, the widening of the industrialization gap was mainly in World War II.

It's hard to say, if you survive into the 21st century, you will ask, because it is weakened.

In 1912, Yuan Shikai forced the late Qing Emperor Puyi to abdicate, and after the abdication edict was issued, the Qing Dynasty came to an end. A total of ten emperors have been passed down for two hundred and sixty-eight years. The Qing Dynasty is over, but the rotten ship also has three catties of nails, and those Qing Dynasty troops have gone?

The famous armies of the Qing Dynasty included the Eight Banners Army, the Green Camp Army, the Hunan Army, the Beiyang Naval Division, and the Beiyang New Army.

The rise of the Qing Dynasty relied on the powerful Eight Banners Army, so the Eight Banners Army was the largest in number. After the Qing troops entered the customs, because the territory was too large, it was not enough to rely on the Eight Banners Army. Therefore, the Green Battalion Army, which was independent of the Eight Banners, was established.

Because it is marked by the green flag, it is called the Green Battalion Army. These two armies were already corrupt at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and the soldiers in the army were all opium smokers, and their combat effectiveness was basically zero. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, they were all sent home, and some young men joined other warlords or went to local regimental training.

The Beiyang Naval Division, also known as the Beiyang Fleet, was established with the help of Li Hongzhang. It became the most powerful navy of the Qing Dynasty at that time, but unfortunately because of Cixi's embezzlement of military funds, the equipment of the Beiyang Fleet was seriously backward, resulting in the annihilation of the Beiyang Naval Division in the Sino-Japanese War! Hunan Army is the name given to the local army in Hunan in the late Qing Dynasty.

The Taiping Rebellion rose and swept half of China, and the regular Qing army at that time was powerless to resist. Zeng Guofan founded the Hunan Army, turned the tide, and suppressed the Taiping Rebellion. Otherwise, the end of the Qing Dynasty would really be advanced.

After the end of the Taiping Rebellion, the Qing Dynasty broke up the Hunan army and incorporated it into other armies in order to prevent the Hunan army from becoming dominant.

Beiyang New Army, after the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty planned to build a new army and handed over this army to Yuan Shikai. However, this army has effectively become Yuan Shikai's personal army.

And he made great contributions to forcing the Qing Dynasty to abdicate.

On the eve of the fall of the Qing Dynasty, there were four more famous armies:

1. Hunan Army; 2, Huai Army; 3. Beiyang Navy; 4. Beiyang New Army.

The Hunan Army and the Huai Army, whose formation and disintegration processes were basically the same, started with the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and were formed by Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang respectively.

Most of them were annexed by Yuan Shikai, the commander of the Beiyang New Army, and after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the Beiyang New Army became the Beiyang warlords;

Some of them were scattered and became local armies close to bandits, which were later absorbed by Chiang Kai-shek, and after the end of the civil war, the remnants of the Hunan Army and the Huai Army were transformed into Xiangxi bandits, and were finally wiped out by the People's Liberation Army.

The Beiyang Navy was formed on the basis of the Huai Army by Li Hongzhang after the Huai Army, and was completely annihilated during the First Sino-Japanese Naval War in 1894.

Due to the defeat of the First Sino-Japanese War, the Hunan Army and the Huai Army were in an embarrassing position, and they disintegrated one after another, and most of them were integrated into the Beiyang New Army. After the demise of the Beiyang Navy, the Qing Dynasty formed a new army in 1895, led by Yuan Shikai, named the "Xinjian Army", commonly known as the Beiyang New Army.

After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, what happened to the millions of Qing troops? They all went**?

The Beiyang Army is the successor of the Qing Army, of course, this Beiyang Army does not refer to the Beiyang Army trained by Yuan Shikai in a narrow sense, but the army under the jurisdiction of Beiyang **, which includes the Beiyang Six Towns New Army, the Imperial Guard, the Northeast Zhang Zuolin, Feng Delin's patrol battalion, Zhang Xun's army, the Ma Jiajun in the northwest, and the army like Long Jiguang in the south, which was forced to form and nominally neutral.

Before the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the total number of troops remained at about one million. But with the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the more than one million Qing troops were also "difficult to protect". In fact, this million-strong Qing army consisted mainly of three parts.

One is the old-style army of the Qing army, that is, the Eight Banners Army; the second is the Beiyang Navy; The third is the Beiyang New Army.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the so-called Eight Banners and the Green Battalion were already decaying! Except for the fact that they are still on paper, no one thinks of them as a combat-ready army.

Even the Huai Army, the Hunan Army and other local regiments that rose in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War were armed with regiments, but after they left the battlefield, they quickly became corrupt and degenerate, and they were vulnerable!

Only Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army and the New Army in the South had combat effectiveness, and these new armies eventually became one of the gravediggers of the Qing Dynasty!