How massive is a black hole and how is the mass of a black hole calculated?

Children, I'll write simply, you should be able to understand some.

It's easy to imagine a "black hole" as a "big black hole", but it's not. The so-called "black hole" is such a celestial body: its gravitational field is so strong that not even light can escape.

In terms of composition, black holes can be divided into two main categories. One is a dark energy black hole, and the other is a physical black hole. Dark energy black holes are mainly composed of huge dark energy that spins at high speed, and it does not have a huge mass inside.

Huge amounts of dark energy rotate at nearly the speed of light, and a huge amount of negative pressure is generated inside it to engulf objects, forming black holes.

Black holes will shine brightly, shrink in size, and even **.

Some black holes evaporate, but large black holes boil more slowly, and their radiation is so weak that it is difficult for people to notice. But as the black hole gets smaller, the process accelerates to the point where it eventually spirals out of control. When a black hole is overwhelmed, the gravitational pull also steepens, producing more escaping particles and more energy and mass to be plundered from the black hole.

The black hole is getting faster and faster, causing the evaporation to become faster and faster, the surrounding halo becomes brighter and hotter, and when the temperature reaches 10000000000000000000, the black hole will be destroyed in **.

The maximum density of a black hole is close to infinity, so the mass of a black hole can only be expressed mathematically.

Its predecessor, the white dwarf, is massive. A megaton ship can only hold a white dwarf material the size of a sesame seed.

A black hole is a supernova that is more than 300 times larger than the Sun after the explosion and the remaining material is still more than 100 times that of the Sun. The white dwarf in the inner core still does a collapse motion, which reduces the volume, so the density is high and the mass is large.

How massive is a black hole?

A black hole of about 1 centimeter, which is equivalent to the size of a coinIts mass is about the same as that of the Earth. What would happen if you put this black hole on Earth?

First, not all Earths will simply be sucked into black holes. When material near a black hole begins to fall into the black hole, it is compressed to a very high density, causing it to be heated to very high temperatures. These high temperatures cause gamma rays, X-rays, and other radiation to heat up and fall into the black hole's other material.

The net effect will be that the Earth's outer layers will be subjected to strong outward pressure, which will first slow down their fall, eventually ionizing and pushing the outer layers away from the black hole. So some of the inner part of the core will fall into the black hole, but the outer layers, including the crust and all of us, will be evaporated into high-temperature plasma and blown into space.

It would be a huge ** – a large part of the rest of the Earth's material that actually fell into the black hole would be converted into energy. In the case of astrophysical black holes, up to 40% of the remaining mass of accretted matter can be radiated. This radiation is absorbed by the Earth's outer layers and causes them to vaporize.

Quasars are an example of dramatic matter for this energy conversion.

Quasars are the brightest objects in the universe, and they are powered by matter that falls into supermassive black holes. Therefore, there will be enough energy to blow away the other layers of the Earth - they will run away! For example, when a black hole is first placed in the center of the Earth, the first thing we notice is that the gravitational force on the Earth's surface increases (only) by a factor of two (assuming the black hole has the same mass as the Earth).

However, the mass of the escape velocity object will only increase with the square root of the mass, so the current escape velocity of 11 km s on the Earth's surface will only increase to about km s. A significant portion of the Earth's mass will become a vaporized hot plasma and will do so faster than it would pass through the Earth's surface radius.

The accretion disk is secondary, the Earth is rotating, so through the conservation of angular momentum, when a large amount of mass starts falling into the black hole, the mass will also start rotating at a higher and higher speed. (Imagine a skater pulling her arm to speed up the spin.) This angular momentum tends to slow down the rate at which it falls into the black hole, which eventually leads to something like an accretion disk around the black hole.

This will also limit the portion of Earth that falls into the black hole and will greatly increase the time it takes for the black hole to consume any part of the Earth's mass. The reason for the delay is that the accretion disc has to use friction to transfer angular momentum from the innermost part of the disc to the outer edge of the disc, which will cause the material to eject from the vicinity of the disc – taking away the angular momentum. The lower angular momentum near the center will cause the innermost matter to fall into the black hole.

In fact, despite the fact that the Earth only rotates once a day, the angular momentum of the Earth is enormous. There is a limit to how much angular momentum a black hole can have – approximately the maximum angular momentum is where the "surface" of the black hole (if it has a surface) is close to the speed of light. Trying to make a small (two Earth-mass) black holes with all the angular momentum of the Earth means that the surface must travel at about 10 9 times the speed of light.

Therefore, in order to keep the black hole below the angular momentum limit, most of the Earth's mass will have to be used to take away almost all of the Earth's original angular momentum.

According to the formula, we can calculate the mass of a black hole of one centimeter, which is about x 10 21 tons .

The mass of a black hole with a diameter of 1cm is very large, equivalent to the weight of an Earth

The mass may reach 21 tons, which is still relatively large, and it is also prone to collisions, such a quantity, many people did not expect.

A black hole with a diameter of one centimeter has a mass of 4.3 million times the mass of the Sun.

I don't really know how massive a black hole is, because I don't know much about it, you can consult some scientists.

The mass of a black hole is calculated mainly by measuring the Schwarzschild radius, and then according to the Schwarzschild radius, the minimum radius of a celestial body to maintain its shape can be calculated, and its mass can be inversely estimated according to the radius of the black hole, rs=2gm c 2.

Here's how it works:

From f=gmm r 2, the smaller r is, the larger f is. The gravitational force f is proportional to the attraction and falling velocity v of the object, and the maximum velocity v is c. Find the critical straight of the radius of the star (r critical straight of v=c); i.e. Schwarzschild radius.

Gmm R2 = mg is obtained from f=ma=mg, so g = gm r2.

The formula A for the non-fixed gravitational field can be obtained from the fixed gravity field potential, and E=MGH is replaced by E=GMHMH R 2, and H=R is therefore E=GMM R epitope energy B.

The velocity of the matter attracted by the star corresponds to the potential energy, and the critical radius r (Schwarzschild radius) 1 2 mv 2 = gmm r is obtained, and the Lorentz transform 1 2 mv 2 (1-v 2 c 2) = gmm r (1-v 2 c 2) gives r = 2gm v 2.

When v=c is found for the critical straightness of r, rs = 2gm c 2 , and rs is the Schwarzschild radius . On the left is the Schwarzschild radius formula (g is the gravitational constant, m is the stellar mass, and c is the speed of light).

If you look at the Schwarzschild radius alone, the existence of black holes of all radius scales and mass sizes is possible.

Planck mass is the minimum black hole mass in micrograms.

A black hole is defined as a ray of light that cannot escape, and once the mass is known, the radius can be calculated according to the escape formula, which is the Schwarzschild radius.

A celestial object with the same mass whose radius is smaller than the Schwarzschild radius is a black hole.

A stable black hole requires a certain radius of origin, while miniature black holes usually evaporate rapidly due to Hawking radiation.

If you ask what the theoretical mass of a black hole should be, then it is Planck mass. For example, if you think that it can survive for 10,000 years without swallowing it to be stable, then you can calculate the amount of "evaporation" per unit of time using the Hawking radiation formula, and then derive the mass.

The mass of the smallest black hole in the Milky Way is related to the mass of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way, if the mass of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way is yes, then the mass of the smallest black hole in the Milky Way is a time of the mass of the sun. Black holes that do not exist stably are legends.

The theoretical maximum limit of a black hole is up to the rate of evaporation caused by Hawking radiation equal to the speed of light. The horizon radius is still 10 light-years to the power of 1503 with a diameter of 1503, and the mass is not known.

There is no theoretical minimum black hole.

But there are "theoretically star-formed black holes" with a minimum mass of no less than 3 times the mass of the Sun (i.e., the Oppenheimer limit).

Since the size of a black hole is only related to mass, different masses have different gravitational radii.

A black hole is a black hole as long as all the mass of an object is concentrated within the gravitational radius. For example, the gravitational radius of the Earth is millimeters, and if the mass of the Earth is concentrated inside, the Earth is also a black hole. Of course, small black holes evaporate very quickly, some (less than a microgram) even less than a billionth of a second, so the existence of too small black holes is meaningless.

But theoretically there is really no minimum limit for the mass of a black hole, except for 0

Similarly, black holes theoretically have no upper mass cap.

The smallest black hole is 10 to 20 times more massive than the Sun, and the largest black hole is 40 billion times more massive than the Sun.

Answer your questions upstairs and [correct]:

The center of the black hole is called the singularity, and the singularity has different masses, but the volume is 0, so the density of the singularity is infinite.

However, the density of a black hole depends on the mass of the black hole and the volume of the black hole

Black holes are as small as atoms and as large as galaxies. Generally speaking, most of the black holes that have been observed by technology are giant black holes, and many are formed by the collapse of giant stars. So the mass is at least three times more than the sun.

The volume of a black hole, that is, the size of our universe occupied by its edge, is the range of the "event horizon". The so-called event horizon is when matter enters this region, and it is gone because of the gravitational pull of the black hole. Outside the event horizon, as long as matter is fast enough, there is a chance that it will not be sucked into the black hole.

Therefore, the volume of the black hole itself can be large or small.

Giant black holes are ultra-rare.

Second, there are many types of black holes. There are rotating, stationary, electrified, and uncharged, which have been theoretically demonstrated.

Third, black holes are indeed possible. Because of the inverse correlation between Hawking radiation and black hole volume. Giant black holes radiate slowly, but they become smaller in size.

The smaller size makes the radiation intense. Then when the black hole [evaporates] to the limit, the body is very small and the radiation is very large, which is figuratively called [**]. Of course, if a black hole is too big, it may take hundreds of billions of years for it to become small enough to intensify the radiation...

The landlord refers to the density of the black hole singularity! Yes, if you think that more than three times the mass of the Sun is concentrated at a point with a volume close to zero, then the density of its singularity is high.

This kind of speculation based on patting the head and saying that black holes will be ** has no scientific reason at all. In fact, the gravitational force of a black hole is so huge that even light cannot escape within its gravitational range, let alone anything that happens**.

However, black holes are also "evaporating" quanta while absorbing the surrounding matter within their gravitational range, which was first recognized by Hawking, so this evaporation quantum effect of black holes is also called the "Hawking effect". So, if there is no new matter absorbed by the black hole, as long as there is enough time, the black hole will evaporate on its own, but this is completely different from **.

Well, it's very big, much bigger than the neutron star god horse, think about a grain of sand in your hand, the density is very high, it will be very heavy, first penetrate your hand, after falling to the ground, penetrate the earth.

For example, if the Earth enters the interior of a black hole, it will be pressed into a shape the size of a football by the strong pressure of the black hole, but the mass of the ball is the same as the original mass of the Earth.

Theoretically it can be infinitely large or infinitely small ...

Not necessarily, the smaller the radius of the black hole, the greater the density, and vice versa, the smaller (referring to the average density) rs=(2mg) c2

v=(4πr^3)/3

m/vv=(4π((2mg)/c^2)^3)/3ρ=3m/(4π((2mg)/c^2)^3)=3mc^6/(4π2^3m^3g^3)

3c^6/(32πm^2g^3)

rs is the Schwarzschild radius.

m is the mass of the celestial body.

g is the gravitational constant (

c is the speed of light (299792458m s).

v is the volume. is pi (

is the average density of black holes.

Let k = c 6 (32 g 3) = (299,792,458 (6) 3) 32

k m has only m as a variable.

As we all know, the average density of a black hole is not a constant, and the greater its mass, the smaller the density, the smaller the mass, the greater the density.

A black hole is a place in space where the gravitational pull is so great that even light can't get out. The gravitational pull is so strong because matter is squeezed into a small space, and black holes can be large or small. Scientists believe that the smallest black hole is only as small as an atom.

These black holes are very small, but have the mass of a mountain. Mass is the quantity of matter or "matter" in an object.

The mass of the Sun (m) is the standard unit of mass (Cantonese) in astronomy and astrophysics. There are three types of black holes depending on the mass.

1.Stellar-mass black holes: When a star burns its last fuel, it may find itself collapsing. A low-mass star with a mass smaller than a solar fold collapses into a white dwarf. The quality is.

These are the masses of the supernovae** post-core (, 3 or 3) (see the end of ANS: ). 7 m sun (ques) is the mass of the main sequence star.

Stars larger than m the Sun collapse into black holes. Their mass is about 5 to dozens of times the mass of the sun. Until 2016, the largest known stellar black hole had a mass of a sun.

In September 2015, a black hole with 62 4 times the mass of the Sun was discovered in gravitational waves, which was formed by the merger of two smaller black holes. In the Milky Way (our galaxy) there may be many, many stellar-mass black holes.

2.Supermassive Black Holes – The Birth of a Giant:

The largest black hole is called "supermass". These black holes have a mass greater than 1 million suns. Scientists have found evidence that every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center.

The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy is called Sagittarius A. Its mass is equivalent to 4 million suns, which can hold millions of Earths. An attempt was made to search for these two supermassive black holes together at the center of the galaxy (Rubur, K et al 2017).

3.Medium black holes: Masses between 1 million and 1 million solar masses.

Detection of intermediate black holes is rare. The study revealed the possibility of the existence of medium-sized black holes (IMBHS). Such a star is formed when stars in a star cluster collide in a chain reaction.

Bulent K Zltan et al 2017 has shown that there is evidence that the black hole in the constellation Azalea is 47 2300 times the mass of the Sun.

The mass limit of a black hole or neutron star (Chandrasekhar Limit - Wikipedia) that I am referring to here is the mass of the supernova's post-core. 7 m sun (ex) is the mass of the main sequence star. If a main-sequence star is not too massive (less than about 8 solar masses), it will eventually release enough mass to form a white dwarf with a mass below the Chandrasekhar limit, which will consist of the star's former core.

For more massive stars, electron degeneracy pressure does not prevent the iron core from collapsing to very large densities, leading to the formation of neutron stars, i.e., black holes.