Supermassive black holes devour dazzling stars, how mysterious is the universe?

On October 15, astronomers observed in a European observatory telescope in Chile that a star in a galaxy 100 million light-years away was gradually torn apart by a nearby black hole and swallowed up instantly. The life of a star came to an abrupt end, great and small. It can be seen from this that the universe is so mysterious, and there are still many mysterious questions that cannot be explained by human beings with science.

1. Black holes devouring stars According to reports, astronomers have observed a rare phenomenon in Chile that is 100 million light-years away. In the Pojiang spiral galaxy, a star approached a nearby super-large black hole and was attracted by a huge force and eventually swallowed by the black hole. In this scene, we can see details that we couldn't see before, a huge star is torn apart, gradually entering a black hole, and finally disappearing.

Because the place where the swallowing occurred is hundreds of millions of light years away from us, it can also be said that this is a story that happened hundreds of millions of years ago, and the light has only reached the eyes of humans after a long spread.

Second, the vast universe can be seen from this, the universe is so magical and mysterious, the universe refers to matter and space-time, originated from a large **, from the past a state of extremely dense and extremely high temperature evolved. In the long course of history, the universe has been constantly expanding, producing various substances. There is a vast cosmic network of stars, planets, small stars, nebulae, as well as various irregular galaxies and various celestial bodies.

The various celestial bodies are mysterious and complex, bringing a lot of scientific knowledge to people.

3. The mysteries of the universe are so great that no human being can measure them. Because of the existence of the universe, human beings have learned a lot of mysterious knowledge about astronomy, such as heliocentrism, meteorites, etc. But the mystery of the universe is also manifested in the fact that there is still a lot of knowledge that mankind cannot solve.

For example, what is the mass of a star? Is there real extraterrestrial life? If it does exist, how can the Fermi paradox be explained?

What led to the final formation of the universe? What is the cause of the expansion of the universe?

Seeing the picture of the star being swallowed by a black hole, I can't help but think of two sentences from the famous writer Su Shi in "Red Cliff Fu": "Parasitic mayflies in the heaven and earth, a drop in the sea." Mourn the moments of my life, and envy the infinity of the Yangtze River.

What more peculiar phenomenon can such a mysterious universe bring to mankind? We'll see.

It's very mysterious, because there are many, many secrets in the universe that no one knows, and because of the limited technological capabilities, only a small part of the universe has been explored.

The universe is very mysterious, and there is no way to explore it with human technology.

The vastness of the universe is very large and very mysterious, and there are many unknown things in it that are worth exploring slowly, which is difficult to explore with current technology.

The universe is a huge and ever-expanding thing, and human beings have only explored the tip of the iceberg, and although new things are constantly being discovered, there is still a lot to be explored.

Astronomers recently discovered that a supermassive black hole has swallowed a star. When those black holes snack, they erupt in exactly the same way as their smaller cousins. It just took longer and the brightness increased a million times.

Astronomers have been observing the feeding habits of small star-mass black holes for decades. These black holes often orbit other stars and occasionally get food from them. When the substance approaches the black hole, it compresses downwards to form a thin accretion disk.

The heat generated by accretion produces a "soft" form of radiation, usually ultraviolet light. However, as soon as the material in the disc thins, a white-hot corona appears, emitting "hard" radiation in the form of X-rays.

The whole process ends and is completed in a few days.

Supermassive black holes also feed on the material around them, but astronomers have long believed that it is impossible to observe this process in real time, as it takes millions of years to form flares and transition to them. "Soft" and then "hard" stage.

A team of astronomers led by Dheeraj "DJ" Pasham, a research scientist at MIT's Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, made further observations of the event.

In a tidal disruption event, everything is sudden," Pasham said. "All of a sudden you have a big piece of gas thrown at you, and the black hole suddenly wakes up, like,'Wow, there's so much food – let me eat, eat, eat, eat until it's gone. 'Therefore, it will go through everything in a very short period of time.

This allows us to probe all of these different accretion phases that are known in stellar-mass black holes. ”

Over the course of two years, astronomers witnessed the whole chaotic story unfold: the first flashes, the formation of accretion disks with "soft" ultraviolet emissions, the transition to "hard" X-ray emissions, and finally the disappearance.

It is already known that this cycle occurs in stellar-mass black holes, which have only about 10 solar masses. Now we're seeing something that's 5 million times bigger," Pasham said.

Aside from the fact that Lee is very cool, these observations are just the second time astronomers have discovered corona formation around a black hole.

The corona is a very mysterious entity, and in the case of supermassive black holes, established coronas have been studied but it is not known when or how they formed," Pasham said. "We have shown that you can use tidal disruption events to capture the formation of the corona. I'm happy to use these events in the future to figure out what the corona is. ”

It's definitely impossible. Originally, the star was a planet made of matter, and it was a solid, spineless but black bean was hollow, so high that it could be a black hole devouring other stars.

I don't think so. Because black holes have magnetic fields. On the contrary, I think that a small mass black hole has the potential to swallow a massive star.

This is more difficult, because the mass of a black hole is much greater than that of a star, and there is no way to estimate the exact mass of a black hole.

Yes, as long as the black hole is big enough and the gravitational pull is strong enough, the black hole can swallow everything, it represents the beginning of destruction, so it can swallow stars.

I think black holes can devour stars, and once the black hole gets close to the star, the star is absorbed.

No, because stars and black holes are two different things, and they are far apart, and there is no contradiction between the two.

According to current theoretical estimates, the maximum radius of a star should not exceed 100 million kilometers, that is, equivalent to 2,500 times the radius of the Sun. In reality, astronomers have yet to find a star that has reached this limit, and the largest constellation Uy, the largest constellation Uy, is only 1,700 times the radius of the Sun.

At the beginning of the formation of stars, the radius will not be very large, because the huge gravitational pull will squeeze itself. At the end of the phase, the star will gradually collapse on the inside, causing the outside to expand violently, and the star will become very large. But stars do not expand indefinitely, and once they are too large, the gravitational pull of the star has no way to bind the outer material.

This is because the gravitational pull of a star is finite, and the initial mass of the star does not increase indefinitely. In the process of star formation, as more and more material is accused, the nuclear fusion reaction inside will become more and more rapid, and the resulting radiation pressure will also increase, and excessive radiation pressure will prevent material from falling further into the star, and the upper limit of the mass of the star is estimated to be about hundreds of times that of the sun.

As for why the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy is so big, this is not the same thing as a star. For example, there is a supermassive black hole in the central galaxy of the Phoenix Cluster, located 5.7 billion light-years away, with an estimated mass of 20 billion times that of the Sun. According to the Schwarzschild radius formula, the event horizon radius of the supermassive black hole is about 59 billion kilometers, which is equivalent to 10,000 times the radius of the Sun, or 395 times the distance between the Sun and the Earth, or 34 times the theoretical limit of the radius of the star.

If you put this black hole in the center of the solar system, including the eight planets and Pluto and the Kuiper Belt where it is located, they are all inside this black hole. In addition, astronomers have discovered supermassive black holes that are larger than this, for example, Ton 618 is twice as massive as this black hole.

The reason for the formation of supermassive black holes is not yet known, but their predecessors may be stellar black holes left behind by the explosion of massive stellar supernovae. The small black hole at the center of the galaxy grows by swallowing the surrounding cloud of gas and dust, eventually evolving into a massive black hole. The supermassive black hole in the central galaxy of the Phoenix Cluster is still growing, swallowing up the equivalent of 60 times the mass of the Sun every year.

Black holes are large. Because the final end of a star is a black hole, and the black hole is constantly attracting the surrounding interstellar matter, causing its own mass to increase, and eventually it must be the size of a supermassive black hole.

Fixed star. Because the volume of stars is very huge, and black holes are very dense and have a high compression ratio, the largest stars are larger.

If it's bigger than the size, the star must be bigger. However, supermassive black holes are very dense, so they are much more massive than ordinary stars.