The achievements of modern accounting, the history of modern development of accounting

Luca Pacioli: A Compendium of Arithmetic, Geometry, Ratios and Proportions is devoted to the basic principles of double-entry accounting.

The time span of modern accounting is generally believed to have been published in 1494 by the Italian mathematician and accountant Luca Pacioli in the book "Arithmetic, Geometry, Ratio and Proportional Summary" until the end of the 40s of the 20th century. During this period, there were two major developments in the method, technology and content of accounting, one is the continuous improvement and promotion of double-entry bookkeeping, and the other is the emergence and rapid development of cost accounting, which has become an important foundation of the management accounting branch in accounting. In the stage of modern accounting, there are two important periods, which are called two milestones in the history of modern accounting development:

The first is the creation of double-entry books, and the second is the establishment of the world's first association of accountants, the Edinburgh Institute of Accountants.

The core theoretical contributions of modern accounting are mainly as follows:

1) The idea of depreciation.

2) Divide capital and earnings.

3) Pay attention to cost accounting.

4) Financial statement audit system.

Accounting is a kind of economic management work that uses currency as the main unit of measurement to account for and supervise the economic activities of a unit by using special methods. Accounting is an economic management activity that takes money as the main unit of measurement, takes vouchers as the main basis, and uses special technical methods to comprehensively, comprehensively, continuously, and systematically account for and supervise the capital movement of a certain unit, provide accounting information to relevant parties, participate in operation and management, and aim to improve economic efficiency. The ancient meaning is the assembly meeting.

Since the Zhou Dynasty, China has had a special accounting official position, in charge of tax revenue, money and silver expenditure and other financial work, and conducts monthly calculations and annual meetings. That is to say, the monthly sporadic calculation is "accounting", and the annual total calculation is "meeting", and the two together become "accounting".

Modern period.

After the Opium War in 1840, the improvement of Chinese accounting and the introduction of double-entry bookkeeping for loans and loans coexisted in Chinese accounting. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Cai Xiyong (?1896) The book "Serial Ledger" (1905), which was the beginning of the introduction of double-entry bookkeeping for loans in China; Xie Lin (1885-1969) co-authored with Meng Sen in the book "Bank Bookkeeping" (1907), which created the conditions for the introduction of double-entry bookkeeping for loans.

When Daqing Bank was founded in 1908, it adopted the double-entry accounting method for cash receipts and payments, which was the forerunner of China's improvement of Chinese bookkeeping.

Summary. Accounting is produced, developed and continuously improved with the development of human social production and the needs of economic management. Among them, the development history of accounting can be divided into three stages: ancient accounting, modern accounting and modern accounting.

Accounting has a long history, and before the advent of writing, we used symbols and drawings to record the harvest of hunting. For a long time in China's history, accounting was mainly used to manage fiscal revenue and expenditure at the national level, while the accounting used by the people has always been relatively simple, until the Yuan Dynasty, the application of accounting in the people reached a considerable extent. Let's take a look at the development history of accounting in China!

Accounting is born, developed and constantly improved with the development of human society and the needs of economic management. Among them, the development history of accounting can be divided into three stages: ancient accounting, modern accounting history and modern accounting. Accounting has a long history, and before the advent of writing, we used symbols and drawings to record the harvest of hunting.

For a long time in China's history, accounting was mainly used to manage fiscal revenue and expenditure at the national level, while the accounting used by the people has always been relatively simple, until the Yuan Dynasty, the application of accounting in the people reached a considerable extent. Let's take a look at the development history of China's mountain and wild accounting!

The time span of modern accounting is from the beginning of the 50s of the 20th century to the present. The development of accounting methods, technology, and content here is marked by two important signs: First, there is a qualitative leap in accounting methods, that is, the "computerization of accounting" caused by the integration of modern electronic technology and accounting, and second, accounting is divided into two branches, financial accounting and management accounting, along with the development of production and management science.

Ancient accounting, in terms of time, is a long period from the middle and late Paleolithic to the end of feudal society. From the perspective of the main technical methods used in accounting, it mainly involves the original measurement record method, the single-entry account book method and the double-entry accounting method of Li Lizhi in the initial period. During this period, the measurement, recording, analysis and other work carried out by the accounting institute were mixed with other calculation work at the beginning, and after a long process of development, a set of methods with its own characteristics was gradually formed, and it became an independent management work.

The development of modern accounting originated in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and with the formation of the modern industrial and commercial system, accounting work gradually became independent from the industry, such as banking and so on. The bookkeeping methods and voucher system of accounting are becoming more and more perfect, and people are beginning to realize that accounting is a management tool and decision support system, which is an important reason for the rapid development of modern accounting.

Modern accounting, on the other hand, began to emerge after World War II and became more automated and intelligent with the rapid development of information technology. Modern accounting has gradually surpassed the traditional functions of simple bookkeeping, statement issuance, etc., and has become a more comprehensive and efficient management tool. With the innovation of data mining, artificial intelligence and other technologies, modern accounting has become an indispensable part of business management.

For us, the development of modern and modern accounting tells us that as a management tool, accounting will inevitably evolve and progress with the development of the times. Only by constantly learning and updating relevant knowledge can enterprises and individuals keep up with the pace of the times and make more informed decisions.

There are some important differences between modern accounting and modern accounting. Modern accounting focuses on auditing and accounting, focusing on recording and reporting financial positions, whereas modern accounting focuses on financial management and focuses on taking effective financial decisions.

Modern accounting mainly focuses on accounting standards, accounting principles, and accounting policies to achieve the accuracy and reliability of accounting information, while modern accounting focuses on using accounting information for management and financial decision-making to improve the efficiency and productivity of the organization.

In addition, modern accounting focuses more on auditing, while modern accounting focuses more on decision analysis. Auditing in modern accounting means reviewing accounts to verify and evaluate the authenticity of transactions, while analysis in modern accounting focuses more on analyzing financial information to help management make informed decisions.

Jonathan Berk and Peter Demarzo's Corporate Finace Many universities in the United States embrace the textbook adopted by Harvard, the Chinese translation of "Company", Renmin University Press, translated by Jiang Yingbing, an associate professor at Dongcai, my teacher, who uses this book now, and can study from undergraduate to graduate school.