Can peanut orange stalk be ammoniated How to perform orange stalk ammoniation

OK. Straw ammoniation commonly used treatment methods are stacking method, cellar ammoniation method, plastic bag ammoniation method and furnace ammoniation method, etc., their common technical points are: the straw feed is cut into 2-3 cm long small sections (except for the stacking method), with a closed plastic film or ammonia cellar as a container, with liquid ammonia, ammonia, urea, ammonium bicarbonate in any nitrogen compound as a nitrogen source, the use of ammonia that accounts for 2-3% of the weight of air-dried straw feed, so that the water content of straw reaches 20-30%, and the outside temperature is 20-30 Under the conditions of 7-14 days, the outside temperature is 0-10 for 28-56 days, the outside temperature is 10-20 for 14-28 days, and more than 30 for 5-7 days, so that the straw feed becomes soft and fragrant.

The palatability and nutritional value of the straw feed prepared by this method were significantly improved, especially the content of crude protein was increased.

The principle of straw ammoniation is that the ammonia sources used for ammoniation are: ammonia, anhydrous ammonia or liquid ammonia, urea, ammonium bicarbonate, etc. Due to the presence of urease on the straw, urea hydrolysis produces ammonia, ammonia combines with the water in the straw to form ammonia, and ammonia ionizes hydroxide ions and ammonium ions.

Hydroxide ions can break the ester bond between lignin and cellulose, break the mosaic structure of lignin and cellulose, dissolve hemicellulose and a part of lignin and silicon, and make the cellulose partially hydrolyzed and expanded, resulting in easy infiltration of gastric juice in the rumen of ruminant livestock, thereby improving the digestibility of straw. Ammonium ions were adsorbed on the straw, which increased the crude protein content of the straw. The nitrogen in the ammonium ions synthesizes bacterial proteins in the rumen, which can be used by livestock.

After ammoniation, the straw becomes soft, and can create a slightly alkaline environment suitable for rumen microbial activities, thus improving the feed intake and utilization rate of straw in livestock.

One of the substrates for the occurrence of all reactions is cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Peanut stalks also contain a large amount of cellulose and other substances, so they can also be ammoniated.

Yes, it's about the same as straw.

The method of adding a certain amount of ammonia, anhydrous ammonia, urea and other solutions to the straw to improve the digestibility and nutritional value of the straw is called straw ammonia. A large number of experiments at home and abroad have shown that the ammonia of urea and liquid ammonia can improve the digestibility of straw and provide the required nitrogen source for rumen microorganisms. Ammoniation treatment is the most widely used, low-cost and simple method of treating straw feed, which is suitable for the majority of rural breeding households.

After straw ammoniation treatment, the digestibility of straw organic matter can be increased by 20% to 30%, the crude protein content can be increased from 3% to 4% to more than 8%, and the feed intake can be increased by 20%. Ammoniation prevents mildew in the feed and also kills weed seeds. The cost of ammoniation treatment of straw is low, the method is simple, easy to promote, and the economic benefits are high.

Urea, ammonia, ammonia bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate are usually used as ammonia sources. The ammonia ions in these chemicals can cause a break between lignin and cellulose, and the cellulose is partially broken down and expanded, and the rumen of ruminant livestock is easy to penetrate, thereby improving the digestibility of straw. The straws treated by ammonia mainly include straw, wheat straw, corn straw, sunflower straw, rape straw, sorghum straw, potato stalk, etc.

It is best to treat it in time after harvest, and the moisture content should be 25% to 35%. The water content is too low or too high will affect the ammoniation effect, the water content of the straw is generally about 10% 12% during harvesting, and the water should be sprayed before ammoniation, so that the straw can fully absorb the water, and then carry out ammoniation.

There are many methods of ammoniation, which can be divided into above-ground stacking ammoniation and cellar treatment according to the ammoniation site; According to the temperature conditions used in ammoniation, it can be divided into ammoniation at room temperature and ammoniation furnace ammonia. Commonly used are ammoniation furnaces, cellars, pools, cylinders, plastic bags and other containers and stacking ammonia. The method of ammoniation should be adapted to local conditions.

In the vast number of rural areas, the urea indirect ammoniation method is suitable, which is characterized by simple operation, does not require complex equipment conditions, and is suitable for small rural farmers. For farmers with large production scale, liquid ammonia stacking or ammoniation furnace method should be considered, which can reduce the cost of ammoniation and the ammoniation effect is better.

Answer: There are many methods of wheat straw ammoniation, such as urea ammoniation, ammonia ammoniation, anhydrous ammoniation and ammonium carbonate. At present, the most commonly used urea ammoniation method is operated as follows.

1. Stacking ammoniation method.

This method is suitable for using liquid ammonia as an ammonia source. Choose a piece of flat land with high and dry terrain close to the sheep house, and lay plastic film on the flat ground. The prepared straw is flattened layer by layer on top of the plastic film and compacted.

Put a wooden pole every 30 40 cm thick and wide, the wooden pole is slightly thicker than the liquid ammonia steel pipe, and pull out the wooden bar when the liquid ammonia steel pipe is inserted. Wheat straw can be crushed or stacked directly. We can inject 20% ammonia at 12% of the weight of the raw material, or anhydrous ammonia at 3% of the weight of the raw material, at a temperature of not less than 20.

After the ammonia source injection is completed, the ammonia injection port is sealed in time, and the haystack is tightly sealed with the whole plastic film.

2. Ammoniation pool ammoniation method.

1) Site selection and pond construction.

The ammoniation tank should be built in a place with low groundwater level, hard soil, dry and sunny, good drainage, and close to the sheep house. The ammoniation pool is generally underground, and the bottom and wall of the pool are built with bricks, and then smoothed with cement. The volume of the pool can be large or small, and it is designed according to the amount of production on weekdays.

2) Grass mixture.

Cut the straw that has not deteriorated into 2 3 cm long segments to make it easier to step on. For every 100 kg of wheat straw, 5 kg of urea is mixed and 30 40 kg of water needs to be added. When we mix fertilizer, we need to mix it in the open space outside the pond first, and strictly implement the standards of a layer of wheat straw, a layer of chemical fertilizer, and a portion of water.

3) Filling the pool and sealing it.

Layer by layer of the mixed wheat straw into the pool, each layer must be stepped on. The height of the straw should be more than one meter above the ground to facilitate light and sealing. When we seal the pool, we cover the top of the pool with a strong plastic sheet, and press the edge of the plastic sheet with wet soil to ensure good sealing performance.

P.S. This method is also applicable to the method of ammoniating wheat straw in ammoniation cellars.

3. Plastic bag ammoniation method.

A small amount of wheat straw can be ammoniated with plastic bags, which is suitable for areas with high summer temperatures in northern China. The specific operation method is: choose a plastic bag with good quality, anti-aging and black, dissolve the urea in water equivalent to 40% of the weight of the straw 50%, and stir it with the wheat straw evenly and put it into the bag after it is fully dissolved.

Tie the mouth of the bag tightly and place it on a shelf with a leeward and sunny background and a height of one meter from the ground, at a certain distance from the wall, to prevent rats from damaging it. When the average temperature of the day and night is above 20, it can be taken out to feed the sheep in 15 to 20 days.

Answer (1) Stacking method. At ground level, straw is piled up in rectangular stacks, covered with plastic film, and injected into an ammonia source for ammonia. This method has less investment and is suitable for mass production; It is convenient to stack and take straw, and it is suitable for the annual use in the south of China and the month when the temperature in the north is high.

The disadvantage is that the plastic film is easy to break, so that the ammonia gas escapes, affecting the ammoniation effect.

2) Cellar method. Make full use of the favorable conditions of high temperature season and fast ammoniation speed, and use more pools in the south and more cellars in the north to make ammoniated feed for winter use. The brick-concrete cellar pond can be used for a long time, and it is more convenient to fill straw; The feed is not harmful to pests, and is not threatened by disasters such as water and fire and soil pollution; Only plastic film is required for capping, and the amount of film is also small, which is an ideal ammoniation method for small and medium-sized farmers.

3) Ammonia furnace method. In a closed and insulated container, the straw is heated by external energy to make the straw quickly ammoniated. The use of ammoniation furnace to ammoniate straw is not limited by climate and season, and can generally ensure 24-hour ammoniation furnace.

4) Ammoniation bag method. In the warmer season, farmers who raise fewer grass-fed livestock can use plastic bags for straw ammonia. This method is flexible and does not require special equipment. The disadvantage is that the amount of ammoniated straw is small and the cost is relatively high; Plastic bags are easy to break, and they need to be checked frequently.

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Straw ammoniation is a method of adding a certain proportion of liquid ammonia or urea to rice, wheat, corn and other straws under closed conditions. Straw ammonia is one of the more economical, simple and practical straw feed treatment technologies. Straw ammonia can improve the quality of feed, increase feed intake and digestibility; improve the nutritional level of straw and improve the return rate of feed; Improve the efficiency of breeding and increase income.

The use of ammoniation to treat straw is a commonly used method of straw treatment. After the straw ammoniation treatment, the texture is soft, the palatability is increased, and the digestibility is improved.

1) The principle and effect of straw ammonia.

The cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw can be digested and utilized by goats, but some of them are tightly chimeled with lignin, hindering the digestion and absorption of goats, and ammonia and cellulose in the straw undergo ammonia-hydrolysis reaction, opening the ester chain connecting lignin and polysaccharides in cellulose, so that the indigestible cellulose becomes an easily digestible substance. At the same time, under the alkaline action of ammonia, the lignin expands and the permeability is improved, making the digestible cellulose easier to contact with digestive enzymes, thus greatly improving the digestibility of straw.

The digestibility of ammoniated straw can be increased by about 20, and the feed intake can be increased by 20. Ammoniation can increase the crude protein content of straw by 1 2 times; It can also improve the palatability and feeding speed of straw feed. After ammoniation, the total nutritional value of straw can be increased by more than 1 time. In addition, the straw with high water content can prevent mildew after ammonia, and can also kill parasite eggs and germs.

2) Ammonia source and dosage.

The main sources of ammonia for straw ammonia are liquid ammonia, ammonia, urea and ammonium carbonate. Although liquid ammonia is the most economical source of ammonia, it needs to be stored and transported in high-pressure containers (ammonia tanks, ammonia tankers, etc.), with a large one-time investment, and it is toxic and explosive, and it is rarely used in production.

1.Urea. The nitrogen content is that it can be decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide under the action of suitable temperature and urease. The ammonia produced can ammoniate the straw. The dosage is 3 5 of the dry matter weight of the straw. Urea ammoniation is simple and easy to perform, and the effect is good.

2.Ammonium carbonate. Nitrogen content 15 17 . The dosage is 14 19 of the dry matter weight of the straw. Due to the incomplete decomposition of ammonium carbonate at low temperature, the ammoniation effect is not good in cold weather, but in the rainy season in the south, its ammoniated mildew is less.

Improves palatability and improves digestibility.

Hello, small-tailed Han sheep breed Duan roll adaptability is strong resistance to coarse food, corn straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, straw, pasture, peanut straw, sweet potato straw crushed after the mixture concentrate can be used as feed, ammoniated or silage feed is more suitable for beef cattle breeding, corn straw directly crushed and concentrate together to feed it, I am a large field specializing in orange Yuye Wu Jing breeding and breeding small-tailed Han sheep Boer goats, sincerely make friends who love breeding and exchange with each other ** breeding management technology, I hope to give you some help.

The main problem is the degree of crushing of the feed. Theoretically, yes. However, you need to control the length of the grass segments, otherwise, the grass will be too strong.

Orange stalk ammoniation and feeding method.