Who knows what happened at the turn of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty!

Jingkang's change. The Jingkang Revolution refers to the historical event in the second year of Jingkang (the fifth year of Jin Tianhui, 1127) when the Jin Dynasty went south to capture Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and captured the two emperors of Hui and Qin, leading to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. It is also known as the rebellion of Jingkang, the difficulty of Jingkang, and the disaster of Jingkang.

In the seventh year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (the third year of Jin Tianhui, 1125), the Jin army attacked the Song Dynasty in the east and west. The eastern route was completed by Yan Zongwang and led the army to attack Yanjing. The western route was finished, and Yan Zonghan led the army to Taiyuan directly.

The Jin soldiers on the east road broke Yanjing, crossed the Yellow River, and went south to Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan). Song Huizong saw that the situation was in danger, and Nai Chan was located in the crown prince Zhao Huan, which was for Song Qinzong.

In the first month of the first year of Jingkang (the fourth year of Jintianhui, 1126), Wanyan Zonghan led the Jin soldiers to the East Route Army to enter Bianjing City, forcing Song Yihe to withdraw the army, and the Jin people demanded five million taels of ** and 50 million taels of silver, and ceded the three towns of Zhongshan, Hejian and Taiyuan. In August of the same year, the Jin army attacked the Song Dynasty on two more fronts; In leap November, the Jin and Jin Route armies joined forces to conquer Bianjing. Song Qinzong personally went to the Jin military camp to negotiate peace and was detained by the Jin.

1。The difficulty of Jingkang: The Jin people took away the emblem, the second emperor of Qin. The Northern Song Dynasty perished.

2。King Kang Zhao was proclaimed emperor, and the Southern Song Dynasty began.

The alternation of the Northern and Southern Song dynasties was mainly caused by a series of wars and political factors. However, it can be said that the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty was a landmark event, and it represented an important turning point in Chinese history.

The founding of the Southern Song dynasty dates back to 1127, when Jin forces invaded the Northern Song capital of Bianjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan), forcing the Northern Song emperor Zhao Gou to surrender. In 1127, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, who had taken refuge in the south, established a new capital, Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and formally established the Southern Song Dynasty. This event is considered to be a sign of the alternation of the Northern and Southern Song dynasties.

The establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty marked the end of the unified dynasty of the north, and the political center of China shifted from the north to the south. During the Southern Song Dynasty, not only a series of political, economic and cultural reforms were implemented, but also coastal defense and the development of the sea**, and prosperous towns and commercial centers appeared in the southern region. The Southern Song Dynasty lasted for about 150 years until it was destroyed by the Mongol armies of the Yuan Dynasty in 1279.

Therefore, the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty is a landmark event of the alternation of the Northern and Southern dynasties, and it represents an important dynastic change and a change in the political pattern in Chinese history.

There was no clear landmark event between the Northern and Southern Song dynasties as a dividing point. The Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty can be seen as different stages of the same historical period, and the dividing line between them is relatively blurred.

The shame of Jingkang: During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty invaded the Northern Song Dynasty and captured the then emperor Song Huizong, Song Qinzong and a large number of royal family members and **. This marked the end of the front wheel of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Jianyan Nandu: After the disgrace of Jingkang, Zhao Gou of Song Gaozong rebuilt the Song Dynasty in the south and set the capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou), an event known as "Jianyan Nandu". Jianyan Nandu was the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty and one of the dividing points between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty.

Death of Yue Fei: During the Southern Song Dynasty, the famous general Yue Fei made great contributions to the war against the Jin Dynasty, but was eventually killed by Song Gaozong. This event marked the dark side of Southern Song politics and the failure of Southern Song foreign policy.

Battle of Yashan: At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty army attacked the Southern Song Dynasty, and the last remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty were wiped out in the Battle of Yashan. This event marked the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty and an important turning point in Chinese history, as it was the last war in Chinese history to change dynasties.

In general, the alternation of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty is a relatively vague historical period, during which there are no clear landmark events as a demarcation point. The historical development of this period was a gradual process, involving political, economic, cultural and military factors.

The east-west relationship in the title refers to the transition from west to east when the Song Dynasty moved the capital from Chang'an to Kaifeng. This turning point is because Chang'an cannot support it, as the capital of the capital, Kaifeng can. The change in the relationship between the East and the West is mainly due to the pressure of the Central Plains.

Because of the problem of harvest, the peasants are living in extreme pain. In order to save the status quo of evidence, the Song Dynasty later decided to move the capital from Chang'an to Kaifeng. Through the effect of the capital's economy, more people have been driven to Kaifeng to get a better life, and the problem of food and clothing has been solved.

The main reason for the change to the north-south relationship was that after the Song Dynasty reached its peak at that time, the various tribes in the north united together to cope with the pressure from the south, and formed many powerful steppe empires. For example, Liao, Jin, Yuan. If you look at it from the perspective of history as a whole, you will find that the entire northern empire rose in response to the rise of the southern empire.

The rise of the entire Southern Empire was due to the rise of the Northern Empire.

There is pressure from the North to the South, and there is pressure from the South to the North. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Central Plains was a scattered sand, which was not enough to pose a threat to the north, so the nomads in the north concentrated on fighting the civil war and did not think about resisting the Central Plains Empire. Because at this time, the Central Plains countries had not yet formed an empire.

And when it came to the time when the Central Plains countries created an empire, such as the Han Dynasty. The nomads of the north came together to form a huge trembling northern empire to defend against the powerful empire of the south. And when the Northern Empire was very strong, for example, before and after the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Central Plains Empire was united as a group, twisted into a rope, and the whole country worked together to resist the northern peoples.

This relationship of pressure is right. It is not only the North that poses a threat to the South, but also the South. Historically, there has never been a truly strong victory in either the North or the South.

The basis for this truly powerful victory is that the South has completely defeated the North so that the Northern Empire is destroyed, or that the Northern Empire is so powerful that it can destroy the Southern Empire. This situation occurred in history, and only the Yuan Dynasty could do it. But after the Yuan Dynasty did this, he completely transformed from a northern nomad to a Central Plains Empire, so as to march to the whole world, his ambition.

Everyone worked together to resolve the turning point between the East and the West, and the Song Dynasty formed a strong and solidified national power. And at this time the Song Dynasty was against the Northern Empire. posed a great threat, so the nomads of the north were combined into a complete northern empire.

However, it seems that the Song Dynasty has been in a state of collapse since then, unable to pose a threat to the Northern Empire. may be because the Song Dynasty was too bold, for example, the Liao State made a slight gesture at him, and the Song Dynasty immediately recognized the encouragement to the Liao State every year and paid tribute to the New Year's coin. A whole is 300,000 taels **, 300,000 pieces of cloth.

Since then, the country's strength has gradually declined. A slump cannot pose a threat to the North.

This is the reason why the Song Dynasty shifted from the relationship between East and West to the relationship between North and South.

The Southern Song Dynasty's peace events generally say that the Shaoxing Peace Conference, but the Longxing Peace Conference can also be counted.

The Shaoxing Peace Conference established the political inequality between the Song and Jin dynasties, ending more than 10 years of war and forming a situation of confrontation between the north and the south, but only maintained peace for 20 years.

The Longxing Peace Conference, like the Shaoxing Peace Conference, is a humiliating and unequal peace negotiation. However, after the signing of the Longxing Peace Conference, until Han Yanzhou launched the Kaixi Northern Expedition, there was no war between the Song and Jin countries for nearly 40 years. The Song Dynasty was under the governance of Song Xiaozong, and it was too peaceful and happy, and it was known as the rule of Qianchun in history; The Jin Dynasty also reached its peak under the rule of Kim Sejong."

During this period, Chinese civilization was greatly promoted and developed.

The Song of the Northern and Southern Dynasties was the Song of the Southern Dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen, not a dynasty, but a regime. And the Song Dynasty, after five dynasties and ten kingdoms, was a dynasty.

Southern Dynasty (420 AD – 589 AD): The general name of the four dynasties established in the south after the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Following the fall of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 420 AD, the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen regimes emerged in southern China, confronting the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei (Northern Qi), and Western Wei (Northern Zhou) regimes established by the Xianbei in the north.

The Song Dynasty (960 A.D. - 1279 A.D.) was a dynasty in Chinese history that inherited five dynasties and ten kingdoms and the lower Qi Yuan Dynasty, divided into two historical stages of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, with 18 emperors and 39 years of Guozuo.

The Song of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, known as the Southern Song or Liu Song, was built by Liu Yu, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty whose hometown was the Song Dynasty, from 420 to 479. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty was compiled at this time.

The Song Dynasty after the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was called Song or Zhao Song, which was built by Zhao Kuangyin, who was the envoy of the Song Prefecture, from 960 to 1279. Including the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty (not the Song Kingdom) is usually referred to as this time.