In addition to misers like Yan Jiansheng, what else

Wrong! In China, anyone who has received a secondary school Chinese education will know that there are two famous misers in the history of literature, one is the foreign writer Balzac's Grande, and the other is the Chinese writer Wu Jingzi's Yan Jiansheng. Everyone relishes the famous detail of Yan Jiansheng:

Before he died, Yan Jiansheng stretched out two fingers and refused to give up his breath, until his family understood what he meant and removed one of the two lamp grasses that he had lit, and then he passed away with peace of mind. Refusing to cut off for a lamp grass, isn't it stingy? It's just too stingy, stingy to the house.

However, if you carefully read all the passages about Yan Jiansheng in "The Outer History of Confucianism", you will feel that Yan Jiansheng is actually a bit wronged to be called a "miser". In the "Outer History of Confucianism", it is written that Yan Jian Sheng is in the fifth and sixth chapters. In the short space, Yan Jiansheng has actually been spending money in an uproar:

His brother Yan Gongsheng ran away from the lawsuit, and in order to help his brother settle the lawsuit, he spent more than a dozen taels of silver in the yamen; His wife, Wang, was sick, and ate ginseng and other supplements every day, not to mention, and spent four or five thousand taels of silver on the funeral alone; In order to straighten his concubine Zhao, he bribed his two uncles with more than 200 taels of silver, and gave them a coil to take the exam; He held a wedding with the Zhao family, held more than 20 tables of banquets, and invited relatives in the neighborhood to eat and drink. Spend money so generously, like a miser? The so-called miser refers to not spending where the money should be spent; Measured by this standard, Yan Jiansheng is not a miser at all.

In the article about Yan Jiansheng, it can be said that the basis for Yan Jiansheng to be a miser is not only the details of "lamp grass", but also the following details: On weekdays, the family is reluctant to buy pork to eat, and when he is sick, he is reluctant to eat ginseng with silver. In fact, none of these things can be used as proof of "stinginess".

It can be changed to another word, it is called "diligent and thrifty". In ancient China, there were many such thrifty ordinary people. Moreover, many times, the savings of the strict prison student were directed at himself, and he was actually a very pitiful man—all the money he had worked so hard to save was spent on others.

It is a typical misconception to regard Yan Jiansheng as "misers" taken out of context. Cultivating this prejudice may be related to the junior high school text, "Frugality to Cultivate Virtue". This is an article advocating frugality, but it puts it forward as a counterexample, arguing that we cannot be as stingy as Yan Jiansheng.

In fact, Yan Jiansheng is the real "thrifty", he has truly achieved "a rich life and a poor life". Now, it is time to completely "rehabilitate" the prisoners.

Shylock from The Merchant of Venice.

Abba Gong in The Miser.

Grande in Eugenie Grandet.

Pryushkin from Dead Souls.

Above are the four major misers in the world famous books.

This is a major character in the sixth chapter of the Outer History of Confucianism written by Wu Jingzi [Qing].

It is said that before Yan Jiansheng died, he stretched out two fingers and refused to breathe. Everyone speculated, but after his wife extinguished one of the two candles in the house, she put down her hand and closed her eyes, and then died.

This is an image of a miser portrayed by Mr. Wu Jingzi. But when I read it, I was still sighing: What a thrifty old man! But the teacher said that this was a miser, and he did not forget two ......candles before he died

I don't really understand why, usually grandma said that grandpa is very economical of eggplant, and he is reluctant to eat and wear, so he picks up bottles to buy money. I guess it's not the same for the prison guards? I think it's a waste to light two candles. So why is one stingy and the other thrifty?

The difference between stinginess and saving is that one is unwilling to spend the money, the other is to save the cost as much as possible, and it can also be said that one is to avoid the cost and the other is to save the cost.

Before he died, a large family came to see him. Light two candles, if he is a miser, why didn't he extinguish both candles, only one?

Why is this not cost-saving, but stingy.

Saving is to oneself, and stinginess is to others. It's like a couple going to dinner, and the girl looks at the menu and says, "It's so expensive, let's change it!" This is when a boy will say, "Well, my baby knows how to thrift." ”

When the boy saw the menu, he said, "It's so expensive, let's change it." The girl will be angry and say, "Scumbag, it's so stingy, break up." ”

In Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments: Saving is the principle of self-respect and generalization. To be stingy is to care about the value itself, to be anxious about the trivial things, and only for the sake of the things themselves.

The couple's room is that the girl is the invitee and the boy is the invitee. The two care about different things. Hence the different results.

The same is true of the strict prison student, when he is sick, others come to visit him, but he cares about two candles. Contrary to human feelings, he is a miser.

Yan Jiansheng is a typical miser, and the money he spends is really out of necessity, and there are two details that can make the reader realize the harsh and greedy nature of Yan Jiansheng's character:

First, when the Wang family died, when the Zhao family mentioned that he wanted to give the two uncles to take the exam plate Cheng Yinzi, Yan Jiansheng listened without saying a word, and held a cat under the table and grabbed it on his lap, and Yan Jiansheng kicked it away with a boot. This sudden and secretly ruthless action is exactly the expression of his lack of psychology of pity for silver and hatred for the two uncles at the moment.

Second, when Yan Jiansheng was dying, he stretched out two fingers and refused to give up, the eldest nephew. The second nephew, the nurse and others all stepped forward to guess and persuade them, but they didn't say anything, and finally Zhao stepped forward and said, "Master, only I can know your heart."

You are lighting two stalks of lamp grass in the lamp, don't worry, I'm afraid of wasting oil. ”

It wasn't until Zhao picked out a lamp grass that he nodded and swallowed his breath This detail has become a very famous example in the history of Chinese literature, and its exposure and satire of those miserly squires can be described as intriguing, and at the same time, it also adds a very expressive stroke to the character shaping of Yan Jiansheng.

Yan Jiansheng and his brother Yan Gongsheng are different from their domineering, he is extremely timid and afraid.

Yan Gongsheng slipped away after oppressing the people and making a case, and sent someone to find Yan Er's old official. The strict prison students did not dare to be dismissive, and immediately left the messenger to drink and eat, took out 2,000 yuan to send the messenger away, and hurriedly called the little servant to invite the two "Zheng Zheng" uncles - Wang De, a member of the Fuxue Diet, and Wang Ren, a member of the County Diet, to discuss countermeasures. He listened to the advice of the two uncles and shared a dozen taels of silver with the Yamen envoy fee.

Put "everything is done properly" and "the lawsuit is over". Yan Jiansheng was already aggrieved and annoyed enough, but he still had to clean up the banquet and thank the two "kings". But these two showmen began to take the class and refused to go to the banquet, and after repeated urgings, they finally moved out of their wife Wang, and the two "kings" were willing to appreciate the light.

It can be seen that the strict prison has been affected by his brother internally and held hostage by his uncle externally for a long time.

The first type: When the prisoner was dying, he always couldn't stop breathing, but he stretched out two fingers vigorously, and saw two stems of lamp grass lit in the lamp, afraid of wasting oil. Burning an extra stalk of lamp grass will make a person who is about to die linger, rest assured, and difficult to breathe, this kind of artistic exaggerated description, vividly portrays the image of a miser.

This kind of detailed description, like a sketch, vividly and vividly expresses the characteristics of the strict prison students, leaving a deep impression on the readers.

The second: its.

1. A series of activities during his lifetime showed that he was a very generous and affectionate person; That.

2. The last sentence of the strict prison before his death was "to suffer the anger of the big house all day long"; That.

3. When the two nephews guessed the meaning of the two fingers stretched out by the prison guard, they said "second uncle" one by one; That.

Fourth, Yan Gongsheng's first sentence to worship his deceased brother was "second child", and then he howled a few times.

Through the above four evidences, we can clearly understand that Wu Jingzi left many hints. He reminded us that Yan Jiansheng couldn't swallow his breath when he saw the two lamp grasses, not because he was reluctant, but because he was taboo about the identity of the "second child". This is just like the ancient eunuch who wanted to hold the "baby" with his last breath before he died.

It's just that one wants to give up, and the other wants to get, these are human nature, and it is just a person's last wish when he is dying.

Our teacher said that Yan Jian was very rich during his lifetime, and after his death, he was still worried about a lamp grass, which shows that he was a miser.

Yan Jiansheng is a character from "The Outer History of Confucianism".

One of the things that best reflects Yan Jiansheng's stinginess in the book is that Yan Jiansheng is about to die, he still stretched out two fingers and did not close his eyes, his two sons did not guess his thoughts, only his wife knew, he meant that there were still two wicks burning in the oil lamp, so the wife on the connection extinguished one wick, and Yan Jiansheng then lost his breath.

I'm going to die, and I'm worried about the two lamp grasses.

Yan Jiansheng is a typical Chinese miser, and is a classic miser in the famous book "The Outer History of Confucianism".

There is a stingy side to his character, a humble and pitiful side, and a generous and humane side. He used money as a talisman to eliminate disasters and difficulties, and to steal peace.

When Yan Jiansheng was dying, he stretched out two fingers and refused to breathe, until Zhao went up and picked off one of the two wicks, he hung down his hands and immediately lost his breath.

Writing about the scene of the dying time of the slave is unforgettable. In fact, in addition to the portrait of Scrooge, this shot can also trigger countless life emotions.

1. In **, Yan Jiansheng is a very rich person. The fragment of Yan Jiansheng's deathbed, "Two Stems of Lamp Grass", has also been included in the second volume of the fifth grade of primary school, and according to this article, it is generally interpreted as "the image of a miser in the classic Chinese classics".

2, Kuang Chaoren is a filial piety, hard-working and studious rural youth, Wu Jingzi meticulously described his step by step towards the process of personality degradation and soul degradation. The development of Kuang Chaoren's thought can be roughly divided into three stages: the juvenile period, the transition period, and the metamorphic period.

3, Yan Gongsheng is a satirical villain. Among the many characters in "The Outer History of Confucianism", Yan Gongsheng is a negative example that the author focuses on portraying. The author associates the worst people in the book with the name "Yougong", which is both a sneer and a fundamental attack on the imperial examination system.

4, Fan Jin is a poor scholar from a humble background, weak and humble, eager for fame and fortune, emotionally fragile, and insisting on pursuing his dreams. He spent all his youth and years on the erection of the imperial examination, and regarded the achievement of fame and fortune as the only goal of the middle examination, and he did not want to work to support his family for decades, and his soul was completely bound by the chains of the imperial examination.

5, Wang Hui, a character from "The History of Confucianism", a typical feudal bureaucratic superstitious mediocre official who believes in ghosts and gods. Jinshi Wang Hui was appointed as the prefect of Nanchang, and the first thing he did when he took office was not to inquire about the local public security, not to ask about the livelihood of the Li people, not to inquire about the grievances of the case, but to inquire about the local people's feelings, to understand what local specialties there are, and what places can be accommodating in various cases.