The Four Great Academies of Ancient China, the Four Great Academies of Ancient China?

The four great academies in ancient China were Yingtianfu Academy, Yuelu Academy, Songyang Academy, and Bailudong Academy.

Yingtian Academy: Yingtianfu Academy, that is, Yingtianfu Academy, Suiyang Academy, its predecessor was Nandu Academy, founded by Yang Wei, a native of Shangqiu in the Jin Dynasty after five generations, located in Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province, the national 4A-level scenic spot Shangqiu Ancient City South Lake, one of the four famous academies in ancient China, is the only one of the ancient academies upgraded to the Guozijian Academy, and is respected as the first of the four academies of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Yuelu Academy: Located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, the last peak of the 72 peaks of Nanyue in Changsha, Hunan, it is a well-preserved ancient academy. It is now one of the main cultural tourism attractions in Changsha.

Songyang Academy: formerly known as Songyang Temple, located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, north of Dengfeng City, Henan Province, backed by Junji Peak, facing Shuangxi River, it is named because it is located in the Yang of Songshan Mountain. Songyang Academy is a famous institution of higher learning in ancient China, and is famous for its science in history.

White Deer Cave Academy: White Deer Cave Academy is the first of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty, and is known as "the first academy in the sea". It is located in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, at the foot of Houping Mountain at the southern foot of the five old peaks of Lushan Mountain (in the territory of Bailu Town, Xingzi County), there is Zuoyi Mountain in the west, Zhuoer Mountain in the south, three mountains ring Taiwan, a water (Guandao River) in the middle stream, no noise of the market, there is the victory of spring stone.

The four ancient academies were Yuelu Academy, Bailudong Academy, Songyang Academy, and Yingtianfu Academy.

1. Yuelu Academy

Yuelu Academy is one of the four famous academies in Chinese history, located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain on the west bank of the Xiangjiang River in Changsha, Hunan, a famous historical and cultural city in China. In 1988, the Yuelu Academy complex was approved as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

2. White Deer Cave Academy

Bailu Cave Academy is located at the southern foot of Wulao Peak in Lushan Mountain, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. "Began in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and followed the Ming and Qing Dynasties", with a history of more than 1,000 years. Bailudong Academy is one of the highest institutions of learning in the Song Dynasty in China, ranking first among the four major academies in ancient China, and is as famous as Suiyang, Shigu and Yuelu Academies at that time, and is collectively known as the "Four Great Academies in the World".

Zhu Xi, a master of Song Dynasty, put forward the educational ideas here to become the norms of ancient China, and also have an important influence in the history of world education.

3. Songyang Academy

Songyang Academy, an ancient Chinese institution of higher learning, is located at the foot of the extreme peak, 3 kilometers north of Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. Founded in the eighth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (484), the original name was Songyang Temple, which is a Buddhist temple. In the second year of Song Jinghu (1035), when the Taimur Academy was rebuilt, it was named Songyang Academy, and a president was appointed to take charge of the affairs of the college.

Songyang Academy is one of the birthplaces of Cheng Zhu Lixue in the Song Dynasty. Its architectural style is a "specimen" for the study of ancient Chinese academy architecture, education system, and Confucian culture.

4. Ying Tianfu Academy

Yingtianfu Academy, also known as Yingtian Academy, Suiyang Academy, Nanjing Academy, Nandu Academy, Nanjing Guozijian, is located in Shangqiu City, Henan Province, Suiyang District, Shangqiu Ancient City, Shangqiu Ancient City, South Lake, is one of the famous four academies in ancient China, the history of "state and county school began here". The main attractions in the academy are: Chong Temple, Dacheng Hall, former lecture hall, college gate, imperial library, Zhuangyuan Bridge, instructor's residence, Minglun Hall, corridor room, etc.

Lushan Bailu Cave Academy, Changsha Yuelu Academy, Dengfeng Songyang Academy, Shangqiu Yingtian Academy.

1.Bailudong Academy was one of the four major academies of the Song Dynasty. Located at the foot of Houping Mountain at the southern foot of Wulao Peak of Lushan Mountain, the whole hospital has a mountainous area of 3,000 acres and a construction area of 3,800 square meters.

The mountains are surrounded by water, quiet and clear, and are the key cultural relics protection units in China. The academy "began in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and followed the Ming and Qing dynasties" for more than 1,000 years.

It was originally the place where Li Bo, a native of Luoyang, and his brother lived in seclusion to study. Li Bo raises a white deer, follows in and out, and is known as Mr. Bailu. After Li Bo for the history of Jiangzhou thorns, in the seclusion of the old site to build a platform, drainage and plant flowers, called the White Deer Cave, in fact, there is no hole, only because of the surrounding green mountains embrace, look like a hole-like only, the White Deer Cave four mountains are encircled, look down like a hole, hence the name.

2.Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan.

Yuelu Academy is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, the last peak of the 72 peaks of Nanyue in Changsha, Hunan, and is the most well-preserved ancient academy in China. Yuelu Academy was founded in the early Northern Song Dynasty. In the sixth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (973), Zhu Dong served as the Taishou of Tanzhou with Shangshu, and in view of the numerous temples and nunnery under the Huangdong in Yuelu Mountain in Changsha and the quiet environment, he accepted Liu Ao's suggestion and established the Yuelu Academy on the basis of the school established by the original monks.

In the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1903), in the call of the New Deal, Yuelu Academy, which had lasted for nearly a thousand years, was officially changed to Hunan Higher School. Later, it was successively changed to Hunan Higher Normal School, Hunan Industrial College, and was officially named Hunan University in 1926. Since its establishment, Yuelu Academy has been famous for its education and dissemination of academic culture.

3.Henan Dengfeng Songyang Academy.

Songyang Academy, located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, north of Dengfeng City, Henan Province, backed by Junji Peak, facing Shuangxi River, is named Songyang Academy because it is located in the Yang of Songshan Mountain. Founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty Xiaowen Emperor Taihe eight years (AD 484), when called Songyang Temple, to the Tang Dynasty changed to Songyang Temple, to the five dynasties of the Zhou Dynasty to rebuild the Tai Room Academy. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, the founders of Song **Xue's "Luoxue", have lectured at Songyang Academy, and since then, Songyang Academy has become the source of Song **Xue.

Songyang Academy is famous for science in the history of our country, and is famous for its cultural wealth and peculiar landscape. The mountains are surrounded by arches, the streams flow for a long time, the pines and cypresses are towering to the sky, the environment is elegant, the scenery is the clearest, and the stone buildings are inscribed and civilized in the Forbidden City. The main cultural relics of the academy include the "General Cypress" of the Western Han Dynasty and the "Tang Tablet Academy" of the Tang Dynasty, as a bright pearl in the history of ancient Chinese education, which will forever go down in history.

Henan Shangqiu Yingtian Academy.

Ying Tianfu Academy, also known as Suiyang Academy, Nanjing Academy. Because Shangqiu was called Suiyang in the Tang Dynasty, Jingde of the Northern Song Dynasty was promoted to Yingtianfu in the third year (1006), and Dazhong Xiangfu was upgraded to Nanjing in the seventh year (1014), which was one of the four capitals at that time. Shangqiu is on the verge of Bianshui, convenient transportation, business travel, since the Sui and Tang dynasties, has developed into a metropolis.

The Ying Tianfu Academy of the Song Dynasty was set up in the bustling city of Shangqiu.

The "Four Academies" refer to the three major academies of Ying Tianfu Academy (now Suiyang South Lake, Shangqiu, Henan), Yuelu Academy (now Yuelu Mountain, Changsha, Hunan), and Bailudong Academy (now Lushan, Jiujiang, Jiangxi). [1]

Songyang Academy (present-day Dengfeng Songshan, Zhengzhou, Henan)[1] and Shigu Academy (Shigushan, Hengyang, Hunan)[2] are disputed.

。Yingtian Academy (now Nanhu, Suiyang District, Shangqiu, Henan), Yuelu Academy (now Yuelu Mountain, Changsha, Hunan), Songyang Academy (now Dengfeng Songshan, Zhengzhou, Henan), and Bailudong Academy (now Lushan, Jiujiang, Jiangxi) are generally known as the four great academies in ancient China.

Yingtian Academy

Yingtian Academy, also known as Yingtianfu Academy, Nanjing Academy, Suiyang Academy, and Nandu Academy, is located in the south lake of Shangqiu Ancient City, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. Later, Yan Shu, Fan Zhongyan and others gave lectures here, which started the popularity and influence of Ying Tianfu Academy.

On February 24, 1009, the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu in the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Zhenzong gave the real amount of "Ying Tianfu Academy", and the history records that "the state and county schools began here". In December of the third year of Qingli (1043), Ying Tianfu Academy was upgraded to "Nanjing Guozijian", becoming the highest institution of learning in the Northern Song Dynasty, and also became the only academy in ancient China to be upgraded to Guozijian, and was respected as the first of the four major academies in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Yuelu Academy

Located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain on the west bank of the Xiangjiang River in Changsha City, Hunan Province, Yuelu Academy is one of the oldest institutions in the world after thousands of years of continuous singing. During the period of the Five Dynasties, there were two monks who gave lectures here and initially formed the prototype of the academy, and in the ninth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (976), Tanzhou Taishou Zhudong officially founded the Yuelu Academy on this basis.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the great Confucian Zhu Xi and the physicist Zhang Yan discussed their studies here, and the academic status and popularity of Yuelu Academy were greatly improved. Among these Shu Yuanzhong, the fate of Yuelu Academy is the most bumpy, since its establishment, it has undergone several burns and reconstructions, and it has been preserved with great difficulty.

White Deer Cave Academy

Bailudong Academy is located in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, Lushan Wulao Peak South foot, originally built in the Southern Tang Dynasty Shengyuan period, is the only country in China by the ** regime outside the capital to establish the national official school, once known as "the first of China's four major academies".

Zhu Xi, a great Confucian of the Southern Song Dynasty, once gave lectures here, and the Bailudong Academy became famous and became an important cultural cradle in Jiangxi for hundreds of years from the late Song Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, enjoying the reputation of "the first academy in China".

Songyang Academy

Songyang Academy is located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, north of Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, and is named Songyang Academy because it is located in the south of Songshan Mountain. Songyang Academy is famous for science, and has had a number of famous Confucians to lecture again, the founder of Song ** "Luo Xue" Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi brothers have lectured at this time, and then Songyang Academy has become one of the birthplaces of Song ** Learning, and it is also an important holy place for the spread of Confucianism.

The "Four Academies" refer to the three major academies of Ying Tianfu Academy (now Nanhu of Shangqiu Ancient City, Suiyang District, Shangqiu, Henan), Yuelu Academy (now Yuelu Mountain, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan), and Bailudong Academy (now Lushan, Lushan City, Jiujiang, Jiangxi).

Yingtian Academy, also known as Yingtianfu Academy, Suiyang Academy, Nanjing Academy, Nandu Academy, Nanjing Guozijian, is located in the south lake of Shangqiu Ancient City, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province.

Yuelu Academy is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, the last of the 72 peaks of Nanyue, Changsha City, Hunan Province.

Bailu Cave Academy is located at the southern foot of Wulao Peak in Lushan Mountain, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province.

Songyang Academy, located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, north of Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, backed by Junji Peak and facing Shuangxi River, is named Songyang Academy because it is located in the sun of Songshan Mountain. In the eighth year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (484), there was a building here, called Songyang Temple. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Songyang Taoist Temple.

In the first year of Hongdao in the Tang Dynasty (683), when Gaozong Li Zhi visited Songshan, it was closed as a palace, and the name was "Fengtian Palace".

1. Yingtian Academy.

Yingtianfu Academy, also known as Suiyang Academy, Nanjing Academy, Nandu Academy, and Nanjing Guozijian, is located on the south lake of the ancient city of Shangqiu, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. This academy was founded by the great Confucian Yang Yu of the Jin Dynasty after five dynasties, and entered the development of its students, until the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Suiyang Academy's Xuemin hail friends participated in the imperial examination, and the number of people who ascended to the top reached as many as fifty or sixty, so we can imagine the prosperity of Suiyang Academy at that time.

2. Yuelu Academy.

Yuelu Academy is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain in today's Changsha City, Hunan Province, hence its name. During the Five Dynasties period, Zhi Xuan and other two monks gave lectures here and initially formed the prototype of the academy, and later Tanzhou Taishou Zhudong officially founded the Yuelu Academy.

3. White Deer Cave Academy.

Bailudong Academy, located at the southern foot of the five old peaks of Lushan Mountain, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province today. Founded in the Shengyuan period of the Southern Tang Dynasty, it is the only national government school established by the ** regime outside the capital in Chinese history, and the White Deer Cave Academy was once known as "the first of the four major academies in China".

4. Stone Drum Academy.

It is located on Shigu Mountain, Shigu District, Hengyang City, Hunan Province. During the Song Dynasty, cultural undertakings were extremely prosperous, and private lectures became a fashion for a while. Su Shi, Zhou Dunyi, Zhu Xi, and Zhang Yan have all lectured here.

The Stone Drum Academy, like many other structures in China, was destroyed by Japanese artillery fire during the Sino-Japanese War.

1.Bailu Cave Academy: It is located in the valley descended by the five elders of Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi.

In the first year of Zhenyuan in the Tang Dynasty (785 AD), Li Bo lived in seclusion here to study, and raised a white deer for self-entertainment, known as Mr. Bailu. In the first year of Baoli (825 AD), Li Bo served as the assassin of Jiangzhou, and built a pavilion here, named Bailu Cave. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, the Taixie was built into a school hall, called Lushan Guoxue, and in the Song Dynasty, it was renamed Bailudong Academy, which was later destroyed in the war.

In the sixth year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1179 AD), Zhu Xi rebuilt the courtyard and gave lectures here, and the Ludong Academy became famous since then.

2.Yuelu Academy: Located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain in Changsha, Hunan, it was founded in the ninth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (976 AD) in Tanzhou Taishou Zhudong.

In the second year of Tianxi (1018 AD), Zhenzong gave the name "Yuelu Academy". Zhang Wei, Zhu Cook and other physicists have lectured here, from more than 1,000 scholars, sometimes known as "Xiaoxiang Zhusi". Later, the academy was repeatedly abandoned and repaired, and the existing building was built in the Qing Dynasty.

The four-character stone carving of "Loyalty, Filial Piety and Honesty Festival" in the front hall was written by Zhu Xi, and the wooden plaque of "Daonan Zhengmai" was given by Emperor Qianlong.

3.Shigu Academy: Located at the foot of Shigu Mountain in Hengyang, Hunan.

During the Yuanhe period of the Tang Dynasty, Li Kuan built a house here to study. Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty asked Li Shizhen to rebuild the academy. In the second year of Jingyou (1035 AD), Renzong gave the name of Shigu Academy, Liu Zongyuan, Han Yu, Fan Chengda, Zhu Xi, Zhang Zai, Wen Tianxiang, Xu Xiake, Wang Fuzhi, etc. have visited or lectured here.

It was destroyed by the Japanese army during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and rebuilt after the founding of New China.

4.Ying Tianfu Academy: also known as "Suiyang Academy", it was an earlier academy in the Song Dynasty.

Located in Shangqiu, Henan, it was the place where Qi Tongwen gave lectures at the beginning. In the second year of Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu in the Song Dynasty (1009 AD), Cao Cheng built 150 schools here, gathered more than 1,500 volumes, and accepted students. At that time, Yan Shu, the governor of Yingtianfu, invited Fan Zhongyan to come here to give a lecture.