What are the types of jade? How to identify jade?

Ancient jade collection, should be fine, high-quality, colorful, strange shape as the standard, see more, study more, can achieve the purpose of "love is a good jade". The identification of ancient jade is generally divided into the identification of new jade and the identification of old jade.

The identification of new jade focuses on the quality of the real and fake jade, the quality of the jade and the finesse of the carving. Generally speaking, good jade is only the basis for making jade, and its value can only be finally reflected after artificial design and carving. Tang Taizong said it well:

Although jade has beautiful quality, it lies in the stones, without good workmanship, and is not different from rubble. Therefore, the level of jade craftsmanship is an important weight to determine the quality of jade, good jade should be used on the premise of good jade, to achieve exquisite and harmonious composition, fine carving, and smooth and smooth for the top grade.

In addition to several basic requirements for new jade, the identification of old jade also needs to identify the production era of jade, the role in history, the identity of the occupant, and learn to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of each artifact shape (including local modeling), etc., and the uniqueness of the shape can often affect the value of jade.

Chinese jade is divided into two categories: nephrite and jadeite.

Jadeite, commonly known as "jadeite" in China, is a rising star in China's traditional jade, and it is the top grade of all jade in modern times. Common jadeite colors are white, gray, pink, light brown, green, emerald green, yellow-green, purple-red, etc., most of them are opaque, some are translucent, and have a glass luster. According to the color and texture, there are more than 20 varieties such as ruby green, bright green, yellow yang green, yang pretty green, glass green, parrot green, spinach green, light water green, light yang green, frog green, melon skin green, plum green, blue green, gray green, oil green, and violet and lotus root powder.

Nephrite jade is called true jade, such as white jade, green jade, white jade, jasper and black jade, etc., they all have a waxy luster, pure milky white, from the jade of the past dynasties, our country uses jade to nephrite jade, ancient nephrite jade in our country is called traditional jade. The common colors of nephrite are white, gray-white, green, dark green, yellow, black and other colors, most of them are opaque, some are translucent, and have a vitreous luster. The best of the white jade is as white as mutton fat, which is called mutton fat jade.

Green jade is grayish white to bluish-white, and some people currently refer to gray-white green jade as green and white jade. Jasper is green or dark green, sometimes with black dirty spots, which are caused by impurities such as chrome spinel minerals. When it contains many impurities and is black, it is a precious black jade.

Topaz is also a more prized variety. There is a yellow skin shell of sugar water in the green jade, which is called "sugar jade" by existing people, and some people call it "pink jade" if it is white and slightly pink, and "tiger skin jade" when it is colored by tiger skin.

People who play jade for the first time are most afraid of encountering fakes because they don't understand jade. At present, the identification of glass imitation jade products on the market is probably the most common and simplest of fakes. Common ones are small smooth rings called "jade", small chicken hearts, jade plaques, etc.

Because this kind of glass product is made of pouring mold, the high-temperature molten glass will overflow a little bit on the edge of the utensils when it is in order, and it will become a faintly convex line after cooling. If you touch it with your hands, you will find it with your eyes. If you take a magnifying glass to reflect the light, there must be large and small bubbles in it.

If you don't invite an expert, the first-time jade player should identify the authenticity of the jade by himself, which can be observed from three aspects:

1. Because the texture of the glass is very brittle and hard, the structure is arranged and dredged, and the density and toughness of jade are lacking, and it cannot withstand strong high-speed rotary carving, so it is generally not processed on the glass with high relief and round carving.

Second, use a magnifying glass to find bubbles, even if you can only see one, you can confirm that it is not jade.

3. Chromium oxide is added to the glass, and the color is close to ruby; Cobalt oxide is added, and the color is nearly sapphire; Chromium oxide and copper oxide are added to give the color to the ...... of emeraldsAnd so on, and so on, and there are many kinds of fake jade. However, their tones always appear thin, lacking the oily and rich feeling of natural jade.

The identification of new jade and old jade is different. The identification of new jade focuses on the true and false varieties, the quality of the texture and the finesse of the carving. The identification of old jade is relatively complex, in addition to several basic requirements for new jade, it is also necessary to identify the production of jade and its historical value.

1. Color. That is, the color of the jade should be uniform, not different tones, but also bright in color, not mixed with other variegated colors. Experts also emphasize that the color of jade should not be viewed under the light, because the color of the jade is much better under the light than under the natural light.

2. Bottom. The whole body of the finger jade should be clear, without impurities and black spots. If it is a class B or C cargo, there are often small crystalline pieces inside.

3. Water. That is, the surface of the real jade will be very smooth and warm, and there will be no capillary cracks, and if it is pickled, there will often be lines like "small fine hairs stuck to the tweed coat".

4. Work. It is the process of making jade. If you look closely, the real high-grade jade has its own unique shape, while most of the B and C goods are created by machine molds, and the shapes are almost identical.

1. Some common methods for identifying real and fake jade:

1. Drip identification method: drop a drop of water on the jade, if it becomes a dewdrop, it is a real jade that does not disperse for a long time.

2. Two-hand touch method: If it is real jade, it will feel cold and lubricated when touched by hand.

3. Highlight observation method: Observe the jade against the bright spot, and the color is clear and the green is evenly distributed.

4. Tongue tip identification method: the tip of the tongue licks the real jade and has an astringent feeling, while the fake jade does not. You can also use a magnifying glass to observe, mainly to see if there are cracks, and the value of cracks is greatly reduced.

Second, the quality identification method of jade:

There are six criteria for identifying the quality of jade, namely "color, transparency, uniformity, shape, knocking, and illumination".

1. Color: Green is the best jade, and the value of red and purple jade is only 1 5 of green jade. If the jade contains red, purple, green, and white colors, it is called "Fulu Shouxi"; If it contains only red, green, and white, it is "Fu Lu Shou". The color is dull and yellowish.

If it is a monochrome jade, it is better to have a uniform color.

2. Transparent: transparent and crystal like glass, no dirty spots, no chaff, no astringency for the top grade. Translucent and opaque jade are called intermediate jade and ordinary jade respectively. In the Qing Dynasty and before the Qing Dynasty, jade with three colors of red, green, and white was called jadeite jade.

In modern times, jadeite jade generally refers to jade that is generally transparent. The current jadeite jade is transparent and greenish.

3. Uniformity: The color of jade is uniform, although it contains white and green but the color is uneven, the value is very low.

4. Shape: The shape of jade can be processed into different styles according to different aesthetic requirements, and there are no special standards. Generally speaking, the bigger the jade, the better.

5. Knock: There are often fractures and cuts in the jade, which is generally not easy to observe, if you knock it with a metal rod, or gently throw the jade on the plate, you can distinguish the existence of cracks from the turbidity of the sound. The crisper the sound, the better.

6. Photo: There are black spots and flaws in the jade that are not easy to find with the naked eye, as long as you take a photo with a 10x magnifying glass, you can see it at a glance.

3. The general way to identify fake jade: it is to see, hear, and measure.

1. Look: Mainly look at the crystal transparency, internal structure, luster, etc. The real jade is transparent, greasy and shiny, the pattern is natural, and the internal fiber state is not easy to imitate.

2. Listen: The sound of real jade is crisp, and the sound of artificial fake jade is muffled.

3. Measurement: mainly to measure hardness. With the glass plate (Mo hardness as the standard, except for Xiuyu and turquoise, it is generally possible to scratch the streak on the glass plate, and the jade itself is not damaged at all. Fake jade is generally softer and can't scratch the glass.

Common fake jade is generally processed from plastic and glass, which are amorphous materials with low hardness, low density, and the characteristics of the material's nature. If the plastic can be picked with a steel needle, or can carve scratches, it can float lightly in the hand. The glass shows bubbles inside under the light or sunlight, and the polarizer shows amorphous ** no periodic light and dark changes when moving), and there are swirling stripes made of raw materials.

I don't know much about the identification of jade, and I still have a little understanding of the identification of jadeite. The identification of jadeite first depends on what kind of jadeite, glass jadeite is the best, followed by ice species, waxy species and bean species. The second is to look at the color and workmanship of the jadeite.

The more sunny the color, the better. You can learn about other identification materials, which teach novices how to identify.

1. Due to the brittle and hard texture of the glass, the loose structure arrangement, the lack of the compactness and toughness of jade, and the strong high-speed rotation can not be performed, therefore, the glass is generally not processed with high relief and round carving.

2. Use a large mirror to look for bubbles, even if you can only see one, it is glass. glass plus chromium oxygenation, color near rubbour; Cobalt oxide is added, and the color is nearly sapphire; Add chromium oxygenide and copper oxygenation, the color is close to emerald, etc., and there are many colors. However, its color tone is always thin, lacking the oily and rich feeling of natural jade.

The more difficult varieties are mainly fake jade made from high-content materials. Its color can be arbitrarily adjusted, and it is difficult to find bubbles when the lens is enlarged, and it is said that the original shape can be immediately displayed on the red external light spectrometer, but the visual test removes the usual inpractical damage test. In addition to smashing to find the stone section, burning to see its reaction, etc., the key is to see whether the instrument has natural stone patterns. The completion of human labor is not natural, and it will be exposed even more when the high emotion is put into the mirror.

3. The identification of jade is divided into two categories: new jade and old jade. The identification of new jade focuses on the true and false varieties, the quality of the texture and the finesse of the carving. Some of the technical aspects have already been covered.

However, the identification of old jade is different, and in addition to the basic requirements of new jade, it is also necessary to recognize the age of jade production and its historical value.

4. The verification of the historical value of jade is based on a clear era. Familiar with the common shapes, characteristic craftsmanship and circulating color quality of jade of various eras. Then refer to the papers on the characteristics of jade in a certain era, and in connection with each other, your level of jade dating will produce a rational increase, and at this point, You should come into contact with the real object as much as possible to correct the parallax between the picture in the book and the real thing.

1 Water drop identification method: It is to drop a drop of water on the jade, such as a dewdrop that does not disperse for a long time, the real jade 2 Touch method: If the real jade is touched with your hands, there is a feeling of cold lubrication 3 Inspection method:

Turning the jade to the light, such as the color is clear. Uniform distribution is the real jade 4 tongue licking method: the tip of the tongue adds real jade to astringency, while fake jade has no astringency.

Summary. The method of distinguishing the type of jade is generally from the following aspects: color:

The colors of jade are very colorful, including emerald green, dark green, white, tawny, red, purple, etc. For the same color of jade, different types of jade reflect different colors, for example, jadeite generally shows a rich emerald green or cyan color, which is different from the color of other green jade. Hardness:

The hardness of jade is very high, mostly in grade 6-7, which is relatively wear-resistant. However, different types of jade have different hardness, for example, jadeite has a higher hardness, while white jade has a lower hardness. Transparency:

The jade with higher transparency is mostly jadeite, while the jade with lower transparency is mostly white jade. Details: Different jade stones have different textures and characteristics, such as the delicate and soft texture of jadeite, which is different from the texture of other jade.

To sum up, distinguishing the types of jade requires multi-faceted observation and comparison of different types of jade, and requires a certain amount of professional knowledge and experience. It is advisable to seek the help of a professional when purchasing and appraising jade.

The method of distinguishing the type of jade is generally from the following aspects: Color: The color of jade is very colorful, including emerald green, dark green, white, tawny, red, purple, etc.

For the same color of jade, different types of jade have different colors, for example, jadeite is dressed like a rich emerald green or cyan, which is different from the color of other green jade. Hardness: The hardness of jade is very high, mostly in grade 6-7, which is relatively wear-resistant.

However, different types of jade have different hardness, for example, Feihong and Emerald have higher hardness, while white jade has lower hardness. Transparency: Jade with higher transparency is mostly jadeite, while jade with lower transparency is mostly white jade.

Details: Different jade stones have different textures and characteristics, such as the delicate and soft texture of jadeite, which is different from the texture of other jade. To sum up, distinguishing the types of jade requires multi-faceted observation and comparison of different types of jade, and requires certain professional knowledge and experience.

It is advisable to seek the help of a professional when purchasing and appraising jade.

Excuse me, but please go into more detail?

Jade can be divided into two types: nephrite and jadeite. Jadeite is also known as jade, with a hardness greater than or equal to 6, including Hetian jade, jade Zhenqi, Huanglongyu, etc. Nephrite has a hardness of less than 6, including garnet, violet, etc.

Secondly, jade can also be distinguished according to color, transparency, pattern, etc. For example, Hetian jade has a delicate texture and natural texture, mainly white jade, black jade and honey yellow, often with brown and purple stripes; There are many colors of jadeite, including cyan, white, yellow, red, etc., among which emerald green is the most common color auspicious, the texture of the jadeite imperial banquet tomb is delicate, full of flesh, hard texture, high density; Huanglongyu is usually jadeite, which is characterized by a light yellow color, and each piece has its own unique growth and quenching process.