Is it better to have more microbes and beneficial bacteria in the soil? Why?

More microbes and beneficial bacteria in the soil is not always better. Because too much may affect the effect, and there will be interactions between the strains.

Of course, more is not better. Because everything has the truth that the extreme of things must be opposed. Whether it is the intestinal flora of animals or the soil flora, it is not that the more beneficial bacteria, the healthier, nor the fewer harmful bacteria, the healthier.

True health is when the variety and number of microflora are kept in a stable equilibrium. I am a graduate student who studies microbiology, and I usually do experiments in school to screen some plant probiotics and then expand the cultivation and replant to plants, and when I find that the plants not only do not grow well, but also come out with soft roots, yellow leaves and other phenomena.

The more is not the better, the excess of microorganisms and beneficial bacteria will lead to the absorption of nutrients in the soil, and everything has a degree, otherwise it is difficult to develop sustainably.

Soil mainly contains bacteria, which can be divided into two categories: spore bacteria and non-spore bacteria. According to the shape, it can be divided into cocci, bacilli, vibrio and spirocheta. According to the mode of nutrition, it can be divided into autotrophic, facultative autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria.

According to the degree of need for oxygen in the air, it can also be divided into aerobic and gas-disgusting bacteria.

Bacteria are the most abundant group of soil microorganisms, with the largest number of species and a large number. Each gram of soil can contain millions to hundreds of millions, with fertile soils having a higher content.

There are many types of soil microorganisms, and only some nutrients needed by plants that inhibit harmful bacteria and use these bacteria to produce are needed. If effective sunlight exposure, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and protozoa are effectively killed, and the decay can be used as nutrients.

The number of soil microorganisms is large, ranging from hundreds of millions to tens of billions of microorganisms in 1 gram of soil. In 1 acre of cultivated soil, the weight of microorganisms is hundreds to thousands of catties. The more fertile the soil, the higher the utilization rate of microorganisms.

The role of soil bacteria:

With the succession of vegetation communities, the abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Fungal in rhizosphere soil increased gradually. The abundance of Acidobacter and Verrucous microbacteria in non-rhizosphere soil decreased with vegetation succession.

The influencing factors of soil bacteria were soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, water content, electrical conductivity, etc., among which soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen had significant effects. Bacteria and other soil microorganisms can be involved together in the formation of humus and the complete mineralization of organic matter.

Soil bacteria are a class of microorganisms that include soil autotrophic bacteria and soil heterotrophic bacteria.

Key features: Soil bacteria are the most abundant and widely distributed among soil microorganisms. Autotrophic bacteria can directly use the energy released during the oxidation of light energy or inorganic substances, and can assimilate carbon dioxide for nutrition, such as nitrifying bacteria, sulfur bacteria, sulfide bacteria, iron bacteria, hydrogen bacteria. Heterotrophic bacteria obtain energy and carbon sources from organic matter.

For agricultural production, soil bacteria can be divided into beneficial and harmful, beneficial such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and saprophytic bacteria, and harmful such as denitrifying bacteria.

The material in the soil can be summarized in three parts:

Solid, liquid, and gaseous parts.

Soil minerals are mineral particles of different sizes (sand, soil and gum) formed by the weathering of rocks. There are many types of soil minerals, and the chemical composition is complex, which directly affects the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and is one of the important nutrients of crops.

Solid soil particles composed of minerals and humus are the main body of the soil, accounting for about 50% of the soil volume, and the pores between the solid particles are occupied by gas and water.

The vast majority of soil gas is oxygen and nitrogen entering the atmosphere, and a small part is carbon dioxide and water vapor produced by life activities in the soil. The moisture in the soil enters the soil mainly from the surface and includes many dissolved substances.

There are also various animals, plants, and microorganisms in the soil.

The microorganisms in the soil mainly include bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc., among which the number of bacteria is the largest, widely distributed, and tiny, it is the primitive type in biology, and it can only be observed with a light microscope or an electron microscope The morphology of bacteria has three forms: spherical, rod-shaped, and spiral-shaped Most bacteria do not have chloroplasts in their bodies.

Can not carry out photosynthesis to produce organic matter, can only feed on ready-made organic matter, such as a part of the saprophytic bacteria and other microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in the remains of animals and plants into carbon dioxide, water and inorganic salts and other inorganic matter, these substances can be used by green plants for photosynthesis, and then produce organic matter, the organic matter produced provides material and energy for animals and plants in nature, it can be seen that bacteria and other microorganisms as decomposers play an important role in the circulation of carbon dioxide and other substances in nature.

Bacteria are found in a variety of soils.

Whether it's the Arctic with temperatures below freezing, or the arid desert soils with very high temperatures. Many bacteria have the ability to form spores, which form a hard shell that helps the bacteria to survive in all adverse environments. In addition, the number and type of bacteria are also affected by factors such as soil type and its microenvironment, organic matter, and farming methods, and they are more abundant in cultivated land than in uncultivated land; Largest in the rhizosphere and less common in non-rhizosphere soils, this may be due to the availability of ventilation and nutrients in the soil.

Bacteria are not freely present in the soil solution, but are tightly bound to soil particles or embedded in the organic matrix; Even with the addition of soil dispersants, the bacteria are not completely separated from the soil particles and are distributed in the soil as individual cells. Soil aggregates contain higher levels of gram-negative bacteria inside and higher levels of gram-positive bacteria on the outside. This may be related to the formation of soil aggregates, movement, surface changes, and the life cycle of bacteria.

Here are a few:

Fungi exist in a large and diverse variety of species. The role of only a few of these fungi is understood, and the rest is almost unclear.

Actinomycetes. It has the ability to decompose organic matter such as mold. Most of them belong to the bacteria that produce anti-biomass, and have the effect of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria.

Filamentous fungi.

That is, there are more than 100,000 types of mold. A very small number of filamentous fungi are known to be pathogenic bacteria that cause disease in vegetables.

Microbial fungicides have an effect on soil beneficial bacteria. Microbial agents can increase the beneficial bacteria in the soil, inhibit the reproduction of pathogens, and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

The effect of microbial inoculants is a gradual improvement process of the soil, unlike rooting agents or plant growth regulators, which have obvious effects after use. These fungi also need to be transformed and multiplied after flushing before they can play their role. Moreover, after the microbial inoculant is used, when it encounters high temperature, fungicide or uncooked farmhouse fertilizer, the beneficial bacteria may be killed, so in the process of crop growth, the microbial inoculant needs to be replenished many times.

Precautions for the use of microbial pesticides.

Avoid temperatures that are too low: The biological activity of microbial pesticides can only be effectively stimulated at higher temperatures. Studies have shown that when the temperature reaches between 25 and 30, the control effect of spraying microbial pesticides is 1-2 times higher than that between 10 and 15.

Therefore, when applying microbial pesticides, cold weather conditions such as harsh winters and early spring should be avoided.

Avoid application in a dry environment: microbial pesticides can only germinate spores and multiply in the insect body under suitable humidity conditions, so that the pest dies slowly; Dead insects can infect other healthy insects, causing a large number of individual epidemic deaths, thus playing an effective insecticidal role. Therefore, it is best to choose to apply in a humid environment such as cloudy days, after rain or in the morning, and avoid applying in hot and dry conditions such as 10 am to 4 pm on a sunny day.

For example: nitrifying bacteria, ammoniating bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, saprophytic bacteria, actinomycetes, molds, algae.

Wait a minute. Nitrifying bacteria are the ones that combine nitrous acid.

The root oxidizes to nitrate ions, allowing it to be smoothly absorbed by plants;

Denitrifying bacteria are harmful bacteria that reduce nitrate and nitrite to nitrogen;

Ammoniating bacteria break down organic matter and produce ammonia gas, which promotes the nitrogen cycle;

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia to facilitate plant uptake;

Saprophytic bacteria are bacteria that break down organic matter into carbon dioxide.

water and other substances;

a.Azotobacter.

b.Ammoniation of the potato fungus.

c.Nitrifying bacteria.

d.Anti-auspicious mountain nitrification only shed fungus.

e.Lactic acid bacteria.

Correct answer: ABC

Hello, it is a pleasure to serve you and give you the following answers: A: 1

Soil organic matter content is an important factor affecting the effect of microbial inoculants, which can provide plant nutrition and can also be used as the basis for microbial reproduction and growth. When the soil organic matter content is too low, it will affect the effect of microbial inoculants, resulting in the weakening of the fertilizer effect. 2.

Increasing the content of soil organic matter is an effective way to improve the effect of microbial agents. Organic fertilizers and well-rotted organic matter can be used to increase soil organic matter content. Organic fertilizers, such as mixtures, sludge, manure, etc., can quickly increase the content of soil organic matter and provide nutrients for microbial agents; Decomposed organic matter, such as plant residues, straw, humus, etc., can slowly release organic matter, increase soil organic matter content, and provide microbial agent nutrition.

3.Step (1) straw mulching: straw mulching on the soil surface can keep the soil moist, prevent soil moisture loss, and at the same time can slowly release organic matter and improve the content of soil organic matter; (2) Application of organic fertilizer:

The application of organic fertilizer can quickly increase the content of soil organic matter and provide nutrients for microbial agents. (3) Application of microbial inoculants: After the application of microbial inoculants, microorganisms can multiply rapidly in the soil, which is conducive to soil improvement and improves the growth of crops. 4.

Related knowledgeSoil organic matter refers to the organic matter in the soil, which is the nutrient of plants, which can provide the nutrients needed for the growth of plants, and is also the basis for the reproduction and growth of microorganisms.