How microbes appeared when the earth was born

Scientists estimate that the Earth has a long history of 4.6 billion years since its formation. From a desolate Earth to a vibrant Earth where microbes have played an indelible role.

The primitive earth had no organic matter, not even the oxygen necessary for the survival of modern higher organisms. Although so far only speculative answers have been given to the question of how the earliest organisms appeared on Earth, there is no doubt that the first organisms that appeared on Earth must have been microorganisms.

Because primitive microorganisms do not need oxygen and can obtain energy by transforming various inorganic substances, they can survive tenaciously in the harsh environment of the ancient earth. We can also find the shadows of these primitive organisms in modern microorganisms: heat-tolerant bacteria, salt-tolerant bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, etc.

Early microbes silently survived, multiplied, and evolved, accumulating organic matter for the planet. Billions of years ago, cyanobacteria appeared, microbes capable of photosynthesis and producing oxygen through photosynthesis. This is probably the first oxygen to appear on Earth.

However, this precious oxygen is not immediately released into the air after it is produced. Because a large number of metal ions were dissolved in the water at that time, these ions immediately "robbed" the oxygen produced by cyanobacteria, formed metal oxides, and deposited them on the bottom of the water. Many of today's iron ore and copper mines may have been formed at that time.

The deposition of metals causes the concentration of metal ions in the water body to gradually decrease, creating a favorable environment for the birth of more complex organisms.

As the metal ions in the water body decrease, the oxygen produced by cyanobacteria finally begins to enter the air and gradually accumulates. The presence of this oxygen changes the face of the planet. It turns out that the dominant anaerobic microorganisms have to hide in some corners where there is no oxygen, and exposure to oxygen can be fatal to them.

At the same time, various aerobic microorganisms occupy the earth's space, accelerating the process of biological evolution. After about 2 billion years, the oxygen in the air finally reached 3%, creating the conditions for the emergence of animals and plants. New plants have joined the ranks of oxygen production, which has greatly accelerated the increase in oxygen concentration.

Summary:The reproduction of microorganisms on the earth not only produces oxygen, but also participates in the formation of soil, providing a home for the survival of animals and plants.

Microorganisms are the general term for all tiny organisms that are invisible or unclear to the naked eye, and the bacteria, viruses, fungi and so on that we are familiar with are all representatives of microorganisms. About 3.5 billion years ago, somewhere on Earth, most likely in the depths of the early oceans, the first microbes were born. The first microorganisms could draw energy from their surroundings through metabolism and also use the properties of DNA to replicate themselves.

Since there are always small differences in the replication process, the differences between individuals are getting bigger and bigger. In this way, organisms begin to change, evolve, adapt to a variety of environments, and evolve into millions of different species. This is Darwin's mechanism of "natural selection", and from an evolutionary point of view, microbes are the old-timers of all living things.

Because life on the earth began with microorganisms, and microorganisms are also very primitive organisms, and they are also the most basic organisms on the earth.

Because the structure of microorganisms is relatively simple, it is relatively easy to form.

Scientists believe that the last living organisms on Earth will be microbes living deep underground, because as the sun gets hotter and brighter, only bacteria can survive in such extreme conditions.

Scientists at the University of St Andrews, Dundey University and the University of Edinburgh predict that the sun will become very hot and dissipate over the next billion years, and the Earth's oceans will begin to disappear.

Entering this tipping point, there is a lot of moisture in the atmosphere, and water vapour is a greenhouse gas that will exacerbate the greenhouse effect, and the temperature of the planet will rise to 100 degrees Celsius or even more," said Jack James of the University of St Andrews in Scotland. ”

Soon, a bacterium called extremophile will be the only remaining life form on Earth. This microorganism is now present on Earth and can survive in harsh environments.

There isn't much oxygen, so they need to survive in low or no oxygen environments, and it's high pressure and high salt because the sea water evaporates. Jack James said.

However, as living conditions deteriorate, the bacterium will eventually become extinct, and in about 2.8 billion years, there will be no life on Earth.

How did life on Earth come into being? Maybe we're all from outer space.

In ancient times, there was a large amount of water on the earth, and the atmospheric content was mainly methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor, and these gases produced chemical reactions when they encountered lightning, producing the most basic substances of life--- amino acids, and life was born, and later due to evolution, from aquatic to terrestrial, from low to high, until today.

Take the example of the evolution of life on Earth:

1. There is a belief that after an alien object hits the Earth, the organic molecules on the object are born to the Earth. The process of organic matter production on this celestial body is roughly the same as the following two mechanisms.

2. Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon and other elements on the earth form proteins under the action of the sun's ultraviolet rays and thunderstorms; It is also a coincidence that the earth is at the right distance from the sun, so there is life. Life then evolves further due to the constraints of the environment.

Then after n billion years of evolution, humans were born.

Three: Billions of years ago, Earth's weather contained much less oxygen than it does now, and the mushrooms produced during volcanic eruptions were about 200 degrees Celsius warmer than they are today. This condition is very conducive to the synthesis of organic polymers and amino acids from a variety of substances in the mushroom cloud.

These substances fall to the ground, and after years of interaction, they can synthesize RNA molecules that have the ability to replicate themselves, making the emergence of primitive cells possible.

The whole process of the birth of life on earth is only an inference that has not been clearly confirmed. Because of how life was created billions of years ago, it is still a mystery. There are also different views on the origin of life, and it is said that life on Earth comes from outer space, and life on extraterrestrial planets is the ancestor of life on Earth.

It is also said that life on earth is created by high microorganisms, and it is also said that life on earth is spontaneously generated by the earth's environment. On Earth, the natural environment is more extreme when you wake up in the morning, but this harsh environment is more conducive to the formation of organic small molecule water.

Under conditions such as continuous high temperatures and lightning, hydrogen and inorganic carbon in the air are gradually reflected to form organic substances. Among them, the more critical substance is carbohydrates. This kind of simple organic matter, through reflection, basically produces a relatively complex structure of the substance.

In it, the occurrence of proteins and DNA is important. After the bioactive substances of this basal limb are created, some substances spontaneously combine according to the self-assembly effect to produce a presence similar to a viral infection. Chemical molecules form some simple small organic molecules of water:

Polypeptide chains, carbohydrates.

Subsequently, DNA and egg calendar white organic biological macromolecules were further established, and the vesicles produced by phospholipid molecules encapsulated this life substance to prevent harm from the external environment, so that a relatively closed life substance was born, and it was also an extremely simple single-cell life. According to the research instructions, the protein, active peptides, DNA and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are put into a suitable aqueous solution, and they can be extracted and agglomerated into dispersed spherical droplets, which are aggregates.

Obarin et al. suggested that the aggregates could exhibit the conditions of life such as generation, dissolution, growth and development, and reproductive system (Figure 7). For example, aggregates have membrane-like boundaries, and the organic chemistry within them is significantly different from the natural environment of the aqueous solution. The body of agglomeration inhales some molecular structures from the external aqueous solution as products, and can also produce corresponding biochemical reactions under the catalytic activity of enzymes, and the reflected substances can also be released from the aggregates.

It's not that all the matter is synthesized together at the beginning, but through continuous evolution, continuous evolution, it can be synthesized together.

They are clever in combining a series of purification mechanisms of related organisms to overcome the relevant difficulties under different conditions of the relative species, so as to combine all the substances with the bonding effect of the canopy ants.

It is possible that the first microbial life form is to bring all the living matter together through the flow of water, because cells are born in the ocean.