What is the reason for poor air quality in winter, where the air quality in summer is better than in

The number of pathogenic bacteria in the air increases. Winter is the season of frequent occurrence of various respiratory diseases, due to staying in the relatively closed environment indoors for a long time, all kinds of pathogenic bacteria spread through the air and droplets, and stay indoors, in the indoor with poor air circulation, some of the virus and bacterial droplets in the air float for more than 30 hours, so that people's immunity decreases, and they are easy to get sick.

2. The number of pollutants in the air increases. In addition to the harmful gases formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene and radioactive substances and electronic pollution produced by the original decoration, furniture and computers, it is impossible to open windows for ventilation often in cold weather, air conditioning for heating, indoor carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and floating dust and particulate matter will gradually increase.

3. There are few opportunities for indoor ventilation. Indoor ventilation is reduced due to thermal insulation, resulting in a large accumulation of indoor pollutants.

4. Increase the time spent indoors. Due to the cold weather in winter, most people spend less time outdoors a day, resulting in an increase in indoor carbon dioxide and a decrease in oxygen content, resulting in polluted air and increased harm to the human body.

5. Indoor air heating. Normally, the air temperature decreases with altitude, the lower air is hotter, the upper air is colder, the cold air sinks again, and the hot air rises lightly, forming a convection. However, at some times, such as at night in autumn and winter, because the ground temperature drops sharply, the temperature of the lower atmosphere close to the ground is very low, and the upper air does not cool down so quickly, but the temperature is higher than that of the lower layer, and the phenomenon of "temperature reversal" occurs.

The main reason for poor air quality in winter is that the first is that many leaves of plants have fallen off and no longer purify the air, and the second is car exhaust emissions.

From the perspective of seasonal changes, generally speaking, the air quality is better in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and the air quality is poor in winter, and heavy pollution weather is frequent. From the perspective of monthly distribution, the air quality of the whole country and each region showed a significant U-shaped change law of "low in summer and high in winter, falling in spring and rising in autumn".

The air quality is better in summer. First of all, there are many green plants in summer, and the air is renewed and metabolized quickly, and some dirty air substances, such as dust and sulfur dioxide, can be purified by plants. Secondly, the temperature difference in summer changes greatly, and the air convection is rapid, which is convenient for air circulation and allows fresh air to be replenished in time.

Of course, the summer rainfall is more frequent than the winter snowfall, which further purifies the air, and the negative ions in the summer air and the ozone generated by lightning can purify the air. Of course, the summer when the temperature is right also causes the rapid multiplication of bacteria, and there are more new bacteria in the air than in the winter.

In winter, due to the obvious radiation cooling at night on the ground, the "inversion layer" is prone to appear in the low atmosphere of the atmosphere, and the horizontal and vertical exchange and circulation capacity of the air becomes weaker, and the pollutants emitted in the air are limited to the shallow atmosphere, and gradually accumulate into haze, resulting in air pollution. So in autumn and winter, people prefer to stay indoors.

So the quality of the attack is better in the summer.

First, in winter, people spend less time going out and more activities indoors, and the body exhales more carbon dioxide, cooking fumes in the kitchen, and smoke caused by smoking than at other times; Second, in order to prevent the loss of indoor heating energy consumption in winter, the daily window ventilation machine at home is reduced, and indoor decoration pollutants or dirty air with microorganisms, viruses and bacteria are more likely to gather; Third, the use of heating appliances and heating equipment in winter will increase the indoor temperature, and toxic gases such as formaldehyde in decoration materials or furniture will be greatly stimulated and released. For example, formaldehyde, the most common decoration pollutant, begins to be continuously released when the indoor temperature reaches 19 degrees, and the formaldehyde concentration increases twice for every 1 degree increase in temperature, and the formaldehyde release period can be as long as 3-15 years; Fourth, the temperature decreases in winter, the effect of ventilation and sewage is weakened, and when the indoor temperature is lower than 20, the effect of opening windows to ventilate and remove decoration pollution begins to be greatly weakened. When the indoor temperature is lower than 10, all the decoration pollution will accumulate in the room and will no longer be released to the outside.

Even if the windows are open for ventilation all day and month, the effect of removing decoration pollution is not significant.

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There are several main factors that contribute to poor air quality in winter:

Atmospheric inversion conditions: In winter, the surface temperature is lower and the air layer is more stable, forming the so-called inversion layer. This inversion layer hinders air convection and natural diffusionCauses pollutants to accumulate in the lower atmosphere, which increases the level of air pollution.

Heating emissions: Winter is the heating season, and many households and businesses will use coal, fuel and other methods for heating. The combustion process of these fuels will:A large amount of Prunus reeds pollutants are released, such as particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, further exacerbate air pollution.

Haze formation: In winter, the humidity is higher and the temperature is lower, and this weather condition is conducive to the formation of haze. When there are excess pollutants in the atmosphere, they are able to combine with water vapor to form fine particulate matter, creating haze.

In addition, the quiet winds in winter can also increase the duration of haze stay, further affecting air quality.

Radiative inversion: Radiative inversion at night is also a factor in the deterioration of air quality in winter. At night, the surface radiation loss is relatively fast, which leads to the cooling of the ground and the formation of a radiation inversion layer with relatively high temperature at high altitude.

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