How many types of blood pressure medications are there? What are their main functions?

Six classes of first-line antihypertensive drugs:

1.Diuretics: Commonly used drugs include hydrochlorothiazide, etc., which are the first choice for mild hypertension alone, especially for systolic hypertension in the elderly.

It is often used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs** mild and moderate hypertension, which not only enhances the antihypertensive effect but also reduces adverse reactions. 2.- Receptor blockers:

Commonly used drugs are propranolol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, and atenolol. It is mainly used for hyperrenin-type hypertension, high-cardiac output hypertension and hypertension accompanied by tachycardia, angina pectoris, and cerebrovascular disease. 3.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: commonly used drugs are captopril, enalapril, benazepril, etc. It can be used alone for all kinds of hypertension, and has good efficacy for primary, renal and hyperreninic hypertension.

Long-term** reversal of vascular and ventricular remodeling. 4.Angiotensin receptor blockers:

The main drugs are losartan and valsartan, and the antihypertensive effect is the same as that of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. It is mainly used for hypertensive patients who cannot tolerate dry cough caused by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and has a particularly good effect on primary and hyperrenin-type hypertension. 5.

Calcium channel blockers: commonly used drugs are amlodipine, nitrandipine, nifedipine. It is suitable for all types of hypertension**, and has better efficacy when combined with thiazide diuretics, -receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

6.- Receptor blockers: commonly used drugs are prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin.

It is suitable for patients with hypertension with hyperlipidemia, and also for patients with hypertension and prostatic hyperplasia, which can reduce dysuria.

1. Those with "lol" at the end of the word belong to -receptor blockers, such as prezelol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, etc. 2. Those with "azolazine" at the end of the word belong to -receptor blockers, such as prazosin, terprazosin, doxazosin, etc.

3. Those with "dipine" at the end of the word belong to calcium ion antagonists, such as nifedipine, nitrandipine, and nimodipine.

4. Those with the suffix "pril" belong to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, such as captopril, enalapril, cilapril, etc.

5. Those with "sartan" at the end of the word belong to angiotensin receptor antagonists, such as losartan, valsartan, telmisartan, etc.

6. Those with "thiazide" at the end of the word belong to diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, hydrofluorothiazide, chlorothiazide, etc.

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There are the following types of commonly used antihypertensive drugs: 1. Diuretics, such as dihydrogram urine glucose, Shoubishan, etc.; 2. - Receptor blockers, such as propranolol, bisoprolol, etc.; 3. Convertase inhibitors, such as captopril, etc.; 44. Calcium ion antagonists, such as heartache, luohuoxi, etc.; 5. - Receptor blockers, such as clonidine, etc. In 1993, the World Health Organization and the Hypertension Alliance recommended that the above five classes of drugs be first-line antihypertensive drugs.

Generally speaking, diuretics** are inexpensive, but can cause various metabolism***; — receptor blockers have cardioprotective effects and have a good effect on coronary heart disease; Calcium antagonists have a good antihypertensive effect and have no adverse effects on blood lipids and blood glucose; The main advantage of convertase inhibitors is that they have a strong effect on left ventricular hypertrophy and insulin resistance, but nevertheless, they are still individualized.

Classification of various antihypertensive drugs in patients with hypertension:

1.Angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARBs): such as valsartan (Devon), losartan (Kosoya). The effect is the same as that of acei and does not cause dry cough. ACE inhibitors and ARB antihypertensive drugs are the preferred antihypertensive drugs for patients with diabetes.

2.Calcium ion antagonists: mainly dihydropyridines, including nifedipine (nifedipine sustained-release tablets, baixintong), nitrandipine, amlodipine (Luohuxi) and other drugs.

It also has an organ-protective effect, and is the main antihypertensive drug for diabetic patients. It is to make the heart beat faster and the ankle edema.

3.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors): such as captopril (Kaibotong), enalapril (Yueningdin), phenalapril (lodesin), fosinopril (Monol), etc.

It has organ protective effect, especially the dual-channel excretion of the latter two drugs, and is suitable for patients with diabetic nephropathy. About 10% of patients have a dry cough***.

There are five main types of first-line antihypertensive drugs.

1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors): various "puri" drugs, such as captopril.

2Angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARB): various "sartan" drugs, commonly used drugs are valsartan (Pingxin), etc., valsartan is also the only antihypertensive drug that has been proven to improve the quality of sexual life of hypertensive patients.

Both ACE inhibitors and ARBs have a certain protective effect on the kidneys, especially suitable for renal hypertension**. However, ACE inhibitors are more likely to cause a dry cough in users.

3. Calcium ion antagonists (CCB): various "dipine" drugs, it is best to use sustained-release agents or long-acting preparations, such as amlodipine (resuxin), etc. CCBs are particularly suitable for patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease.

4-Receptor blockers: various "lol" drugs, antihypertensive effect is moderate, suitable for mild and moderate hypertension. Representative drugs include sotalol (Witt) and so on. -Receptor blockers are particularly useful in patients with hypertension and tachycardia.

5. Diuretics: antihypertensive effect is moderate, suitable for mild and moderate hypertension. Commonly used drugs are hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene, spironolactone, indapamide, etc. Diuretics are indicated for patients with volume hypertension**.

Different antihypertensive drugs have different mechanisms of action and different contraindications. Patients must go to a regular medical institution for treatment, clarify their comprehensive situation, take medication according to the doctor's instructions, and need to combine drugs if necessary. It is worth mentioning that the combination of drugs is currently the most recommended drug regimen, which can not only synergistically lower blood pressure and reduce the dose of their respective single drugs, but also cancel out adverse reactions with each other, so that patients can benefit more.

At present, there are the following types of drugs commonly used to lower blood pressure, the first type is diuretics, such as indapamide and hydrochlorothiazide.

The second category is receptor blockers, such as metoprolol tartrate and bisonol.

The third category is angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, such as erapril, beralapril, perindopril, etc.

The fourth category is angiotensin receptor antagonists, such as irbesartan, valsartan, candesartan, telmisartan, and so on.

The fifth category is calcium channel antagonists, such as nifebenzipine, felodipine and anlodipine besylate.

The sixth category is receptor blockers, such as terazosin, doxazosin, and so on.

The seventh category is a single tablet compound preparation, such as valsartan hydrochlorothiazide, irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide, perindopril, amlodipine, etc., which are commonly used at present.

Classification of antihypertensive drugs.

1) Diuretics: thiazides, loop diuretics and potassium-sparing diuretics. The antihypertensive efficacy of various diuretics is similar, suitable for mild and moderate hypertension, and has a strong antihypertensive effect in salt-sensitive hypertension, obesity or diabetes, menopausal women and the elderly.

2) Receptor blockers: commonly used are metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, cavillol, and labetalol. It is suitable for all kinds of hypertension of different severity, especially for middle-aged and young patients with fast heart rhythm or patients with angina, and the effect on hypertension in the elderly is relatively poor.

3) Calcium channel blockers: also known as calcium antagonists, mainly nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem, according to the duration of drug action, calcium channel blockers can be divided into short-acting and long-acting.

4) ACE inhibitors: commonly used are captopril, enalapril, benazepril, and serapril. The effect of blood pressure reduction is slow and gradually increases.

5) Angiotensin two receptor inhibitors: losartan is commonly used, and the antihypertensive effect is slow, but long-lasting and stable.

Disease analysis: The mechanism of action of the five major classes of antihypertensive drugs is: 1. Diuretics, which play a hypotensive role by reducing blood volume and dilating peripheral blood vessels; 2. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

It is effective for all kinds of hypertension, by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, reducing angiotensin 2 levels and dilating arterioles; 3. Angiotensin receptor antagonists. Angiotensin receptor inhibition increases sodium excretion; 4. Calcium ion antagonists. Inhibit the influx of calcium ions in vascular smooth muscle, make blood vessels smooth and relaxed, reduce myocardial contractility and lower blood pressure; 5. B - blockers.

By lowering the heart rate, the amount of blood pumped by the heart is reduced, and blood pressure is lowered.

Suggestions: Five types of antihypertensive drugs can be used alone. If one type of blood pressure lowering is used, the effect is not ideal. It is a combination of two and three.