What are the main differences between bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, and molds under the microscop

Bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts under the microscope.

The main differences between molds are as follows:

Bacteria: Thin and short single-celled microorganisms, the main forms are: balls, rods, spirals, etc. Some bacilli can form spores.

Actinomycetes: Presence of branched filaments and hyphae.

body, with spore filaments and spores.

Yeast: unicellular, the thallus is spherical, oval or oval, a few are lemon-shaped, pointed, etc. The thallus is several times to dozens of times larger than bacteria.

Mold: The width of hyphae and spores is usually much thicker than that of bacteria and actinomycetes, often several times to dozens of times the width of bacterial cells, which can be seen under low magnification, and can also see sporangia, cyst shafts, sporangia, cysts, cysts, etc.

Bacterial colonies: generally moist, smoother, more transparent, more viscous, easy to pick, uniform texture, and the color of the front and back of the colony or the edge is consistent with the ** part, etc.

Colonies that are distinctly different from actinomycetes and bacteria: dry, opaque, dense velvety on the surface, with a layer of colored "dry powder";

Yeast: The colony is similar to bacteria, showing the characteristics of moistness, transparency, smooth surface, easy picking, uniform texture, and the color of the front and back of the colony or the edge is consistent with the ** part.

Mold: easy to identify in appearance, large in form, loose in texture, dry in appearance, opaque, loose or tight spiderweb, fluffy, cotton wool or felt;

1. Differences.

1. The bacterial colony is gelatinous, the surface is smooth and moist, and the combination with the medium is not tight, easy to pick, and the positive and negative colors are consistent. susceptible to provocation by inoculation rings; Cocci form raised colonies; Flagellar bacteria often form colonies with irregular edges; The surface of the colony with the capsular is more transparent, and the edges are smooth and neat; Dry wrinkles on the surface of the colony with spores; Some colonies of pigment-producing bacteria also show bright colors.

2. Actinomycetes colony grows radially on the solid medium, dense, hard, wrinkled, not easy to pick up with a needle, and opaque. When the spores are ripe, the surface is powdery, dry, and often has an earthy smell.

3. The mold colony is large, composed of hyphae with loose villous, flocculent or spider web, some have no fixed size, extend to the whole medium, produce pigment, and the colony has color.

4. Yeast colonies are similar to bacterial colonies, but larger and thicker than bacteria, opaque, smooth, moist, viscous, easy to pick up with needles, and mostly milky white.

2. Reasons. The characteristics of colonies are closely related to the morphological and structural characteristics of microorganisms.

For example, bacteria and yeasts do not form hyphae, and their colonies only grow on the surface of the solid medium, which is not tightly bound to the medium, and can be picked up with inoculation tools; However, most of the actinomycetes and molds are differentiated into vegetative hyphae and reproductive hyphae, and the vegetative hyphae absorb nutrients deep into the culture medium, which has the characteristics of tight binding with the culture medium and not easy to provoke.

Bacterial colonies are generally gelatinous, smooth and moist surface, not tightly bound to the medium, easy to pick, and the color is consistent.

Actinomycetes colonies are generally round, flat or with many wrinkles, and under light microscope, there are radial actinomycelium hyphae around the colonies;

The colony characteristics of most yeasts are similar to those of bacteria, but they are larger and thicker than bacterial colonies, the surface of the colonies is smooth, moist, viscous, easy to provoke, the texture of the colonies is uniform, the color of the front and back sides, edges, and ** parts are very uniform, and the colonies are mostly milky white, a few are red, and some are black;

The mold colony is large in morphology, dry in appearance, opaque, loose or tight in shape, with slender hyphae, loose colonies, and fluffy and cobwebs.

1. Bacteria are prokaryotes, and their forms are basically globular, rod-shaped and spiral-shaped; After Gram staining, it can be divided into Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria; Its general structure includes cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nuclear region, and special structures include flagella, sexual fili, glycocoat, spores, etc.; The colonies are generally moist, smooth, transparent, viscous, easy to pick, uniform texture, and the color of the front and back of the colony or the edge is consistent with the ** part.

2. Actinomycetes are prokaryotes, with filamentous branches and a very fine hyphae in diameter (less than 1 micron); Actinomycetes are mainly composed of hyphae, which can be divided into aerial hyphae and intrabasal hyphae, and the aerial hyphae mature and differentiate into spore filaments, producing clusters of conidia; Actinomycetes can be divided into the most common Streptomyces spp., Nocardia spp., Small Monospora spp., Streptomyces sporangia spp., Touring Actinomyces spp., etc.; The colony is dry, opaque, the surface is dense and velvety, there is a thin layer of colored "dry powder" on it, the colony and the medium are tightly connected, it is difficult to pick, the color of the front and back of the colony is often inconsistent, and the agar plane at the edge of the colony is deformed.

3. Yeast is a eukaryotic organism with globular, oval, columnar, etc. The structure consists of cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, bud body, etc. Its colonies are similar to bacteria, but larger and thicker than bacteria, thicker in appearance, less opaque, and mostly milky white in color, a few are red, and some are black.

4. Molds are eukaryotes, which are fungi with developed mycelium and do not produce large fleshy proton body structure; According to the presence or absence of a septum in the hyphae, it can be divided into non-septal hyphae and septal hyphae; Structurally, it is divided into vegetative mycelium and aerial mycelium, and the vegetative mycelium has false roots and suckers that absorb nutrients, creeping branches that extend their functions, and attached cells and attachment branches that attach to them. The colony morphology is large, the texture is loose, the appearance is dry, opaque, showing loose or tight spider web, fluffy, cotton wool or felt-like, the connection between the colony and the medium is tight, it is not easy to pick, and the color and structure of the front and back of the colony, as well as the color and structure of the edge and the center are often inconsistent.

Actinomycetes are only a morphological classification, and actinomycetes belong to the phylum Actinomycetes in the bacterial kingdom.

Actinomycetes are prokaryotic organisms.

The middle class can form branched hyphae.

and a special group of conidia, which grow in the form of hyphae, mainly reproduce by spores, and get their name because the colonies are radial.

The main difference between it and ordinary bacteria is morphology.

Actinomycete cells are similar in structure to bacteria in that they both have a cell wall.

Basic structures such as cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid, etc.

Like general bacteria, most of them are saprophytic and a few are parasitic.

Actinomycets is a class of microorganisms between bacteria and fungi, mostly saprophytes, which are very widely distributed in nature, mainly in soil, air and water.

Actinomycetes have a cell wall that is similar in chemical composition to bacteria and does not have a nuclear membrane. The thallus is filamentous and similar to a fungus, and the thickness of the hyphae is similar to that of the common bacillus, generally no more than 1 m in diameter. The hyphae branch and can be broken into rods.

The main component of the bacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan, also known as mucopetide. Actinomycete cell walls contain alanine, glutamic acid, glucosamine, and muramic acid. The main components of yeast cell wall are polysaccharides [dextran (30%-34%) and mannan (30%).

In addition, lipids, proteins 6%-8%. Fungi (molds) have a cell wall that contains chitin and also cellulose. Chitin is a glucosamine-containing polysaccharide that is the main component of animal bones such as insects, and plant cells do not contain chitin.

Bacteria and actinomycetes are prokaryotes, the main components of the cell wall are peptidoglycan, yeasts and molds are eukaryotes, and the cell wall components are cellulose, etc., so the enzymes used to obtain their protoplasts are definitely different, peptidase and cellulase can be used respectively.

Comparison of colony characteristics: Copy.

Bacteria: moist, viscous, easy to provoke.

Actinomycetes: dry, wrinkled, difficult to provoke, small colonies, mostly pigmented yeasts: moist, viscous, easy to provoke, bright surface, larger and thicker than bacterial colonies:

The hyphae are slender, the colony is loose, fluffy, spiderweb-like, cotton-wadding, no fixed size, shiny, and not easy to provoke.

Bacteria: generally form small round colonies, white, yellow, etc., with smooth or non-smooth surface and concentric circular lines on the back of actinomycete colonies. This can be distinguished from bacterial colonies.

Yeast colonies are pale yellow, smooth, translucent, and larger than bacterial colonies. Molds: large colonies, many trichomes visible to the naked eye, brown, cyan, etc., black conidia can be seen.

It is of great significance for the identification of microbial species in scientific practice.

Bacteria and yeasts do not form compound hyphae, and their colonies only grow on the surface of the solid medium, which can be picked up with DU inoculation tools, that is, they are not tightly bound to the culture DAO base. However, most of the actinomycetes and molds are differentiated into vegetative hyphae and reproductive hyphae, and their vegetative hyphae are deeply absorbed in the culture medium, so they have the characteristics of tight binding with the culture medium and not easy to provoke.

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Depending on the situation you described: The reason why bacteria, molds, yeasts, and actinomycetes have color differences under the light microscope is mainly due to their different cell wall compositions. A commonly used method of bacterial staining is Gram stain, which appears purple or red depending on the composition of the cell wall.

The cell wall of gram-positive bacteria is rich in polysaccharides and peptidoglycan, while the fine cell wall of gram-negative bacteria is rich in lipids and proteins. Thus, in Gram staining, Gram-positive bacteria will appear purple, while Gram-negative bacteria will appear red on the front of the mask. The cell walls of molds, yeasts, and actinomycetes are mainly composed of cellulose, chitosan, and other polysaccharides, which can be adsorbed by dyes when stained, resulting in color differences.

For example, in ink staining, molds and yeasts appear dark blue or black, while actinomycetes appear red or purple. In conclusion, the color differences of these microorganisms under the microscope depend mainly on the composition of their cell walls and the choice of staining method.

1. Bacteria are prokaryotes, and their forms are basically globular, rod-shaped and spiral-shaped; After Gram staining, it can be divided into Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria; Its general structure includes cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nuclear region, and special structures include flagella, sexual fili, glycocoat, spores, etc.; The colonies are generally moist, smooth, transparent, viscous, easy to pick, uniform texture, and the color of the front and back of the colony or the edge is consistent with the ** part.

2. Actinomycetes are prokaryotes, with filamentous branches and a very fine hyphae in diameter (less than 1 micron); Actinomycetes are mainly composed of hyphae, which can be divided into aerial hyphae and intrabasal hyphae, and the aerial hyphae mature and differentiate into spore filaments, producing clusters of conidia; Actinomycetes can be divided into the most common Streptomyces spp., Nocardia spp., Monospora spp., Streptomyces sporangia spp., Touring Actinomycetes spp., etc.; The colony is dry, opaque, the surface is dense and velvety, there is a thin layer of colored "dry powder", the fungus is blindly destroyed and the medium is tightly connected, it is difficult to pick, the positive and negative colors of the colony are often inconsistent, and the agar plane at the edge of the colony is deformed.

3. Yeast is a eukaryotic organism with globular, oval, columnar, etc. The structure consists of cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, bud body, etc. Its colonies are similar to bacteria, but larger and thicker than bacteria, thicker in appearance, less opaque, and mostly milky white in color, a few are red, and some are black.

4. Molds are eukaryotes, which are fungi with developed mycelium and do not produce large fleshy proton body structure; According to the presence or absence of a septum in the hyphae, it can be divided into non-septal hyphae and septal hyphae; Structurally, it is divided into vegetative mycelium and aerial mycelium, and the vegetative mycelium has false roots and suckers that absorb nutrients, creeping branches that extend their functions, and attached cells and attachment branches that attach to them. The colony morphology is large, the texture is loose, the appearance is dry, opaque, showing loose or tight spider webs, fluffy, cotton wool or felt-milled years, the connection between the colony and the medium is tight, it is not easy to pick, the color and structure of the front and back of the colony, and the color and structure of the edge and the center are often inconsistent.