Everything about antiquity the hour, the surname I want! ） 25

I recommend a book, "Outline of Chinese Culture", which is available electronically on the Internet.

Outline of Chinese Culture, Han University Edition.

Editor-in-Chief: Xu Guanghua.

Deputy editors-in-chief: Wang Youmin, Zhao Huiping, Dai Lan.

Outline of Chinese Culture is a textbook for foreign students with an intermediate level of Chinese proficiency. It introduces China's splendid culture for thousands of years from the aspects of land, history, ethnicity, scenic spots, writing, language, thought, belief, name, education, science and technology, medicine, book collection, literature, painting, calligraphy, architecture, crafts, customs, food, clothing, entertainment, and cultural exchanges. It allows students to understand Chinese culture in a relaxed way, learn and master Chinese, and improve their Chinese proficiency.

This book is not only informative, but also popular and interesting. The content is rich and the writing is interesting. It can also be read by readers with a medium level of literacy in China.

Target audience: foreign students, domestic general readers.

Responsibility: Li Weiping Reviewer: Dong Fuguang.

Excerpts from this book: Chapter 01 The Vast Land Chapter 05 Square Words Chapter 09 Name and Font Number Chapter 12 Educational Imperial Examinations.

Chapter 16 Literary Creation Chapter 21 Architecture and Gardens Chapter 24 Customs and Habits Chapter 29 Cultural Exchange.

There is no end to it, and many of them have become unknown.

Midnight, also known as midnight and midnight: the first hour of the twelve. (23:00 to 01:00 Beijing time).

Ugly time] rooster crow, also known as wild chicken: the second hour of the twelve. (01:00 a.m. to 03:00 a.m. Beijing time).

Yinshi] Pingdan, also known as dawn, morning, day, etc.: Shi is the time of the alternation of night and day. (03:00 to 05:00 Beijing time).

Sunrise, also known as the beginning of the sun, dawn, rising sun, etc.: refers to the time when the sun has just appeared and is rising. (05:00 to 07:00 Beijing time).

Chenshi] food time, also known as morning food, etc.: the time of the ancients "morning food" is also the time to eat breakfast, (Beijing time 07 to 09 o'clock).

巳时] Yuzhong, also known as Riyu, etc.: When it is close to noon, it is called Yuzhong. (09 a.m. to 11 a.m. Beijing time).

Noon] midday, also known as sunday, noon, etc.: (11 a.m. to 13 p.m. Beijing time).

Untime] Sunset, also known as sunset, sunset, etc.: the sun is westerly for the sunset. (1 p.m. to 3 p.m. Beijing time).

Shen Shi] Feeding time, also known as day shop, evening food, etc.: (15 o'clock to 17 o'clock Beijing time).

Unitary time] sunset, also known as sunset, sunset, evening: It means when the sun sets. (5 p.m. to 7 p.m. Beijing time).

Dusk, also known as sunset, sunset, sunset, etc.: At this time, the sun has set, and the sky will be dark before it gets dark. The sky and the earth are dim, and everything is hazy, so it is called dusk. (7 p.m. to 9 p.m. Beijing time).

At this time, the night is deep, and people have stopped their activities and slept peacefully. People are quiet, that is, people are quiet. (9 p.m. to 11 p.m. Beijing time).

Noon: 11 to 13 p.m. Afternoon: 13 to 15 p.m. Evening: Ruler 19 to 21 p.m.

A clearer division can be divided into: 7-9 a.m. 9-11 a.m.

11-13 p.m. 13-15 p.m. 15-17 p.m.

17-19 o'clock in the evening. 19-21 p.m. 21-23 o'clock in the evening.

23-1 o'clock in the night.

It is all timed according to the current 24-hour system of North Code Sleepy Chongjing Time, which is the standard time division of the country.

24 hours and twelve hours:

1. In ancient times, a day and night were divided into twelve hours, namely: Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, and Hai. Each hour corresponds to two hours of late annihilation in modern times.

2. 23 1 o'clock in the sub-hour, ugly time.

1 3 o'clock, 3 5 o'clock, 5 7 o'clock, 7 9 o'clock, midday hour.

9 11 o'clock, 11 o'clock 13 o'clock, 13 15 o'clock, 15 o'clock 17 o'clock, 17 o'clock 19 o'clock, 19 o'clock 21 o'clock, 21 o'clock 23 o'clock.

3. The twelve-hour system in ancient China.

In the evening, it is divided into five watches, one watch (19:00-21:00) and two watches (21:).

00-23:00), 3rd shift (23:00-01:

00), the fourth uglier (01:00-03:00), the fifth uglier (03:

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Hours.

In ancient times, the lead day of a town was divided into 12 hours, namely: Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai, each hour is equivalent to two modern hours, and the reading is.

子 (zǐ), ugly (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌 (xū), 海 (hài).

In ancient China, people used the method of "copper kettle dripping" to keep time, and divided the day and night into 12 hours, that is, Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, and Hai, corresponding to today's 14 hours of the Second Brigade.

The hour is an ancient unit of time, and the ancient people divided the day into 12 hours, each of which is equivalent to two hours now. Legend has it that the hours are named according to the time of the animals in the zodiac.

The twelve hours are named after the earthly branches, and are counted from midnight, from eleven o'clock in the middle of the night to one o'clock, and from eleven o'clock to one o'clock in the middle of the night.

In ancient times there were twelve hours:

Child; zǐ (11 p.m. to 1 a.m.).

Chou: chou (1 a.m. to 3 a.m.).

Yin: Yin (3 a.m. to 5 a.m.).

Mao: mao (5 a.m. to 7 a.m.).

Chen: Chen (7 a.m. to 9 a.m.).

Si: SI (9 a.m. to 11 a.m.).

Afternoon: wu (11 a.m. to 1 p.m.) (12 noon is noon).

Not: wei (1 p.m. to 3 p.m.).

Shen: Shen (3 p.m. to 5 p.m.).

You: you (5 p.m. to 7 p.m.).

戌:xu (7 p.m. to 9 p.m.).

Hai: hai (9 p.m. to 11 p.m.).

There are generally two ways to say that a cup of tea is equivalent to 10 minutes, and the other is equivalent to minutes.

Saying 1: There are 12 months in a year, there are 5 weeks in January, there are 6 days in a week, there are 12 hours in a day, there are 8 quarters in an hour (2 hours), and a quarter (15 minutes) [in ancient times, a day was 100 minutes and a minute, and 15 minutes and a quarter were said], a tea (10 minutes) had two pillars of incense, a pillar of incense (5 minutes) had five minutes, a minute (60 seconds) had six snaps of fingers, and a snap of fingers (10 seconds) had ten moments. A flash is a second.

Claim 2: Engraved (equivalent to engraved) - In ancient times, a leaky pot was used to keep time. The leaky kettle is divided into two parts: the sowing kettle and the receiving kettle.

The sowing kettle is divided into two to four layers, there are small holes, can drip water, and finally flow into the receiving kettle, there is a standing arrow in the receiving kettle, the arrow is engraved for 100 minutes, the arrow gradually rises with the water storage, revealing the number of moments, to show the time. The 24-hour period of a day and night is 100 minutes, which is equivalent to 1440 minutes today. It can be seen that each moment is equivalent to the present minute.

There are also two sayings for a stick of incense: one is equivalent to 60 minutes, and the other is equivalent to 5 minutes.

One pillar of incense" is equal to one hour.

The concept of "one pillar of incense" originated from the monks meditating, and the monks used the burning of incense as a method of timekeeping, such as the monks who "played meditation seven" to make 11 pillars of incense a day, with a break of about 20 minutes in between. If you think about it, at the time, it was a great way to be unaffected by day or night, easy to carry, easy to make, and set an atmosphere. At that time, the incense was all handmade, and there was a standard, and it took about half an hour for a pillar of incense to burn out, which is now an hour.

The husband who plays the watch at night also uses incense to determine the time, so it is also called "more fragrant".

One pillar of incense" is equal to five minutes.

One pillar of incense = 5 minutes; One cup of tea = 10 minutes. The unit of calculation of time used to be: a year has December, a month has five weeks, a week has six days, an hour (2 hours) has eight quarters, a quarter (15 minutes) [in ancient times, a day was a hundred quarters, that is, a quarter of minutes, said 15 minutes and a quarter], a tea (10 minutes) has two pillars of incense, a pillar of incense (5 minutes) has five minutes, a minute (60 seconds) has six snaps of fingers, and a snap of fingers (10 seconds) has ten moments.

A flash is a second.

The ancients divided the day and night into twelve hours, which were represented by the name of the twelve earthly branches with the word "time". That is, the time of the child, the time of the ugly, the time of the yin, the time of the hour, the time of the hour, the time of the hour, the time of the noon, the time of the future, the time of the Shen, the time of the unitary, the time of the Xu, the time of the sea.

Each moment is equivalent to two hours today. The relationship between these twelve hours and the modern timekeeping system is: sub-time - 23 o'clock to 1 o'clock, ugly hour - 1 o'clock to 3 o'clock, mid-hour - 3 o'clock to 5 o'clock, and so on, the morning hour is 21 o'clock to 23 o'clock in reality.

Outwitting the Birth Gang" said: "Yang Zhi wants the Chen card to get up, and Shen Shi will rest" in the "Chen card" is "Chen time", and the ancient times always used "cards", so they often used "cards" to replace the time. The hour is from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m.; The application time is from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. (3 p.m. to 5 p.m.).

Used for calendar epochs:

The stem branch is mainly used for the calendar era. The original stem branch is "seti", also known as "Tai Sui". Tai Sui is said to be in Jia, in B is said to be Meng, in C is said to be Rouzhao, in Ding is said to be Qiangyuan...; In Yin, he said that Feng repented and took Tige, in Mao said Shan Yan, and in Chen said that he held Xu ,...In the son said sleepy, in the ugly said Chi Fenruo.

Uttering "Erya Shakti").

This set of chronological records has a far-reaching influence, and later generations have been used in the calendar, arithmetic, calculation, and fortune and reputation to defend the name of various parties (the official historical work "Zizhi Tongjian" compiled in the Northern Song Dynasty uses this set of cadre-branch terminology eras).

In the process of inheritance and development, later generations simplified this set of Seti terms to a one-word stem name. The name of the original Ganzhi and the simplified Ganzhi are recorded in the works such as "Erya" and "Historical Records".