On the issue of viral activity, resistance to viruses

To make a long story short, viruses have a kind of claw tool, which can grasp the glycoproteins on the surface of cells, etc., once grasped, it is equivalent to life, and then open its mouth and enter the cell to destroy.

A biovirus in the narrow sense is a unique infectious agent that is a tiny organism that can use the nutrients of the host cell to actively replicate its own DNA, RNA, proteins, and other living materials. Viruses in the broad sense are much more complex, including viroids, viroids, and virions, where virions are only a simple ssRNA strand, and virions are enzyme-like protein molecules. Therefore, it is difficult to have a definite and clear definition of biological viruses.

Biological viruses, whether they are virulent phages or mild phages, must replicate and reproduce in living host cells, using the nucleotides and amino acids of the host cell to synthesize some of their own components from the host to assemble the next generation of individuals.

The replicating organism is released by lysing the host cell and infecting the new host cell.

Although biological viruses will bring certain benefits to humans, such as the use of bacteriophages can ** some bacterial infections; The use of insect viruses can prevent some agricultural pests and diseases, but they are very harmful, such as HIV, rabies virus, etc., which bring danger to human life; Influenza viruses, hepatitis viruses, etc. can bring diseases; TMV, potato Y virus causes property damage to people.

A virus is a tiny organism that can spread from one organism to another and infect an organism (in fact, because the virus itself cannot be metabolized, it cannot be said that a virus is a living organism to some extent). The term "virus" is sometimes used to describe those organisms that circulate and infect eukaryotes; The term "phage" or "phagosome" is used to describe those organisms that spread between prokaryotes. The origin of the virus is not very clear.

The polyketides Harziphilone and Fleephilone, isolated from RRE binding inhibitors, inhibit the binding of the REV recombinant protein of the HIV virus to the response element RRE at a concentration of 2 8 mM, thereby blocking the replication of the HIV virus (Qian-Cutterone et al.).，1996）；Wickerols A and B, produced by strain FKI-3849, are two diterpenoids that have antagonistic effects on influenza virus H1N1 (Tsuyoshi et al.).，2012）。

Trichoderma treatment can reduce the occurrence of plant virus diseases such as tobacco mosaic virus disease, and this effect is generally considered to be the reason for Trichoderma to induce plant disease resistance, but it has been found that ferulic acid, gliotoxin and other products produced by Trichoderma have a direct passivation effect on viruses, and further research work may find more secondary metabolites that have a direct killing effect on viruses.

Virus (English: virus, formerly known as "filter virus" in Chinese) is a non-cellular form composed of a nucleic acid molecule (DNA or RNA) and protein, and is an organic species between living and non-living organisms that lives by parasitism, and it is a special organism without a cellular structure. It is a piece of DNA or RNA wrapped in a protective shell, and through the mechanism of infection, these simple organisms can use the host's cellular system to replicate themselves, but cannot grow and replicate independently.

Viruses can infect almost all living organisms that have cellular structures. The first known virus was the tobacco mosaic virus, discovered and named by Martinus Bergerinck in 1899, and more than 5,000 types of viruses have been identified to date. The science that studies viruses is called virology and is a branch of microbiology.

Viruses are made up of two or three components: viruses all contain genetic material (RNA or DNA, prions made up only of proteins are not viruses); All viruses also have capsids formed by proteins, which are used to encapsulate and protect the genetic material within; In addition, some viruses are able to form lipid envelopes when they reach the cell surface. Viruses vary in morphology, from simple spirals and icosahedral shapes to composite structures.

Virus particles are about one hundredth the size of bacteria. The origin of viruses is unknown, and different viruses may originate from different mechanisms: some may originate from plasmids (a circular form of DNA that can replicate within cells and be transferred from cell to cell), while others may originate from bacteria.

Viruses are a class of non-cellular microorganisms with small particles, nanometers as the unit of measurement, simple structure, and strict parasitism, and reproduce by replication. Viruses are microorganisms that are smaller than bacteria, have no cell structure, and can only multiply in cells. Consists of proteins and nucleic acids.

Some of them can only be observed with an electron microscope. <>

Viruses are a class of microorganisms that do not have a cellular structure and have life characteristics such as genetics and replication. Usually globular virus, baculovirus, and tadpolevirus are common. Virus, like all organisms, has the ability of heredity, mutation, evolution, is a very small size, extremely simple structure of life form, virus has a high degree of parasitism, completely dependent on the host cell's energy and metabolic system, access to the material and energy required for life activities, leaving the host cell, it is just a large chemical molecule, stop moving, can be made into protein crystallization, for a non-living body, encounter the host cell it will be adsorbed, enter, replicate, assemble, The virus is a primitive life form between living and non-living organisms because it releases progeny viruses and shows typical characteristics of living organisms.

Since viruses are a class of non-cellular organisms, a single individual virus cannot be called"Single-celled", which produces virions or virions. Virions, sometimes referred to as virus particles or virus particles, refer to a single virus that is mature, structurally intact and infectious. The nucleic acid is located in its center, called the core or genome, and the proteins surround the core, forming the capsid

The capsid is the main scaffold structure and antigenic component of the virion, which has the effect of protecting nucleic acids. The capsid is made up of a number of morphological subunits that can be identified under the electron microscope, called the capsid grain. The core and capsid are collectively called nucleocapsid.

Some of the more complex viruses (usually animal viruses, such as influenza viruses) are also covered by a lipid-like bilayer containing proteins or glycoproteins, called envelopes, on the outside of the core shell. The lipids in the envelope come from the host cell membrane. Some envelopes also have appendages such as spikes.

The presence or absence of the envelope and its properties are related to the host specificity and invasion functions of the virus. There is one type of polyhedrosis virus in insect viruses, and its core shell is encased by protein crystals, forming polygonal inclusions. <>