How to protect the dust environment safely? Dust hazards and precautions

During dust operation, dust pollution is serious, and certain measures need to be taken to prevent dust and reduce dust.

1. Process measures

1) Avoiding the selection of harmful raw materials or production process routes is the fundamental way to eliminate and reduce dust hazards.

2) Reform process equipment and process operation methods, and adopt new technologies.

3) The layout of process equipment and production process should be such that the main working place and the section with many operators should be located in the workshop with good ventilation and clean air, and the section with serious dust pollution should be placed on the downwind side of the perennial dominant wind direction.

2. Sealing measures

Sealing the dust source, making the production process pipelined, mechanized and automated, is an effective measure to prevent dust from escaping, and can also greatly improve the working conditions, reduce labor intensity, avoid direct contact between dust and the human body, and achieve the purpose of dust prevention.

3. Wet operation

This is a simple, cost-effective dust prevention measure that should be considered first when production and process conditions permit. For example, the dry crushing, grinding, screening and mixing of materials are changed to wet operation, and water is added to the materials during the loading and unloading and transfer of materials, which can reduce the generation and flying of dust, and wash the ground, walls, equipment covers, and building components with water in the workshop, which can effectively prevent secondary dust.

4. Construction measures

The rational design of the building can not only reduce the investment in dust prevention, but also significantly increase the dust prevention effect. It mainly includes the location, orientation, plane form and section design of the plant.

5. Sprinkling water and removing dust

This is a widely used and effective technical measure. With the improvement of the technical level in recent years, the improvement and update of sprinkler dust removal equipment in various industries, the application of sprinkler spray guns is becoming more and more extensive, and many areas with serious dust pollution, such as coal yards, have begun to use the method of water mist spray dust reduction to achieve dust removal effect.

6. Personal safety protection measures

Personnel engaged in dust operations shall wear dust masks, dust masks, dust helmets, protective clothing and other protective equipment that meet technical requirements according to regulations, which is also the last line of defense to prevent dust from entering the human body. Wearing a dust mask can effectively reduce the harm of dust to the respiratory system, isolate dust from entering the respiratory tract, and protect our respiratory health to the greatest extent, so it is necessary to wear a dust mask in a dusty environment.

In the face of dust environment, the timely and effective use of safety protection measures is very effective, no matter what measures are used for dust protection, wearing dust masks is a very simple and effective preventive measure, and the selection of good dust masks is a good safety protection measure for your respiratory system.

Dust source control and personal protection.

The protective measures for dust should be optimized and combined with technical measures such as technology, process equipment, materials, operating conditions and methods, occupational health protection facilities, and personal protective equipment, and comprehensive treatment should be adopted.

Eliminate or weaken the source of dust: In terms of process and materials, the selection of processes that do not produce dust, and the selection of materials with no or less hazards is the fundamental way to eliminate or weaken the dust hazards, that is, to eliminate the sources of dust through process and material selection. For example, resin sand is used instead of casting sand, and wet production process is used instead of dry production process (such as water mill instead of dry grinding, hydraulic cleaning, electro-hydraulic cleaning instead of mechanical cleaning, water mist arc welding planer, etc.).

Limit and inhibit dust and dust diffusion: adopt closed pipeline transportation, closed equipment processing, or under the condition of not hindering operation, semi-closed, shielding, and isolation facilities can also be adopted to prevent dust from escaping or limit dust to a local range to reduce diffusion: reduce material drop and reduce dust; For hydrophilic, weakly viscous materials and dust, measures such as humidification, spraying, and steam spraying should be taken as much as possible to reduce the dust diffusion in the process of transportation, crushing, screening, mixing and cleaning.

Ventilation and dust exhaust: Ventilation and dust exhaust are divided into comprehensive mechanical ventilation and local mechanical ventilation according to the working site and environmental conditions. Ventilation is to continuously deliver clean and fresh air to the workplace, dilute the dust concentration in the air, and discharge the polluted air outdoors, so that the harmful dust in the workplace is diluted to the corresponding maximum allowable concentration.

During ventilation and exhaust, the airflow containing hazardous substances should not pass through the worker's breathing belt.

Additional dust collection and purification equipment: according to the nature, concentration, dispersion and generation of dust, the appropriate dust removal and purification equipment is used to eliminate and purify the dust in the air, and prevent secondary dust.

Personal protection: Carry out targeted personal protection according to the way and way of harm caused by dust to the human body. There are three ways in which dust (or poison) can harm the human body:

One is inhalation, which enters the human body through the respiratory tract: the other is through the skin sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles on the surface of the human body into the body; The third is ingestion, which enters the body through the digestive tract. Then for the route of injury, personal protection countermeasures:

One is to cut off the way for dust to enter the respiratory system. According to the different nature of dust, equipped with different types of dust masks, respirators, (for some toxic dust, gas masks should also be worn); The second is to block the contact of dust to **. Wear work clothes correctly (some also need to wear jumpsuits and hooded work clothes), helmets (the human head is the part where sweat glands, skin fat and hair follicles are concentrated), glasses, etc

Third, it is forbidden to eat, smoke, and drink water at the dust operation site.

The hazards of dust and the precautionary measures are as follows:Dust hazards: on the respiratory system.

Hazards: When dust falls on the nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi.

, especially sharp particles such as glass, quartz, steel, bronze, silica.

and other dusts, which can often damage the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

Preventive measures: replace high-dust materials with low-dust, dust-free materials, and replace high-dust-producing equipment with non-dust-producing equipment and low-dust-producing equipment, which is the fundamental measure to reduce or eliminate dust pollution; Seal the dust source. The use of closed production equipment or the conversion of open equipment to closed equipment is an important measure to prevent and reduce dust escape and control air pollution in the workplace.

Legal Analysis: Generally speaking, it is a solid bridge particulate that is generated during the production process and can float in the air of the production environment for a long time. The harm of productive dust to the human body is many, but the most prominent harm is manifested in the lungs, due to the different properties and chemical composition of dust, the harm to the lungs is very different, according to the performance after damage, the lung diseases caused by dust can be divided into three situations.

Legal basis: Constitution of the People's Republic of China Article 53 Citizens of the People's Republic of China must abide by the Constitution and laws, keep state secrets, protect public property, abide by labor discipline, abide by public order, and respect social morality.