What do you think of the exemplary traditional residential courtyard house

The courtyard house is a unique form of ancient residential architecture in China, which has a history of more than 3,000 years so far, and the Forbidden City in Beijing is the largest courtyard house left behind. Nowadays, in the north of our country, especially in Beijing, there are still a lot of courtyard buildings, located in the east and west of Beijing. Located near Shichahai, the courtyard house has a complete architectural form, which is incomparable in both its historical value and market value.

The traditional orientation of the northern courtyard houses is generally to sit in the north and face south, which is also the common orientation of the northern houses. Because it is cold in the north, the south-facing lighting effect is better, which can effectively maintain the indoor light and temperature. The gate of the courtyard is located in the southeast corner, that is, the "Xun" position, which means that the purple air comes from the east (the ancient Chinese people are still quite a lot).

The courtyard is surrounded by a courtyard in the middle, which is a place for the whole family to relax and relax. Generally, large families are more particular, and will plant trees, flowers, and goldfish in the courtyard.

The standard courtyard is a three-entry courtyard building, one is entered by the gate, and the small narrow courtyard surrounded by the hanging flower door and both sides and the inverted seat house is entered. The second entrance is a courtyard composed of the main house, the wing room, the ear room, and the verandah. The third entrance is the area of the rear cover room behind the main house, and a door will be opened at the side room of the main landlord as a gateway to the third courtyard.

The door is the first impression of passers-by on the owner of the house, and it is also the face of the owner of the house. In ancient times when the feudal system was strict, from the princes and nobles to the common people, the shape of the door was strictly distinguished.

The gate of the royal palace of the emperor's relatives is between three and five, and there are shadow walls on both sides of the door, which is absolutely spacious and bright;

Ordinary ** and wealthy businessmen are generally Guangliang Gate, Golden Pillar Gate or Barbarian Gate, which is also very magnificent;

The houses of the common people are more casual, and the shape of the door is generally Ruyi door, wall door, etc.

After talking about the gate, let's talk about the auxiliary knocker on the gate, commonly known as the ringer. It is a warning thing that comes to visit the owner's house to knock on the door and remind the people in the house, which is equivalent to the current doorbell. Its shapes are varied, and most of them are made of metal.

In ancient times, copper rings were also very particular and restricted. According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty": the main gate of the four cities of the prince's palace is nailed with a copper ring of gold lacquer; Prince Gong's Mansion gate green copper ring; The door of the prince in the first hundred officials is made of gold lacquered beast-faced tin rings; The first and second grade official gate green animal face tin ring; Three to five grades of official black oil tin ring; Six to nine grades of official doors black oil iron ring ......

In fact, I personally think that the courtyard is a very good room type, although it is said to be boxy, but there is a yard for yourself to place all kinds of plants, and you don't have to go up and down the stairs, it should be very comfortable to live.

The traditional courtyard house is a fusion of the traditional Chinese concept of the round heaven and the earth, and its design is also very exquisite.

I like this kind of courtyard house very much, and I hope that the old house left behind can be well protected and utilized.

"合" is to combine together to form a mouth shape, which is the basic characteristic of the courtyard. Courtyard HousesThe courtyard houses in Beijing are large and small, dotted, or in the bustling streets, or in the quiet deep alleys; The large ones cover an area of a few acres, and the small ones are only a few feet; or exclusive single-family households, or several households, more than a dozen households live together, forming a system that conforms to human psychology and maintains traditional culture.

A living environment with harmonious neighborhood and foreign relations.

The courtyard house is a general term for the traditional house with the main house and the east and west wings forming a plane layout around the middle courtyard. Residential houses in China.

It has the longest history and the most extensive distribution, and is a typical form of Han people's dwellings. Its history has been more than 3,000 years, Western Zhou Dynasty.

At that time, the form has begun to take shape, the gate of the courtyard is generally opened in the southeast corner or northwest corner, the north house in the courtyard is the main house, the main house is built on the base of brick and stone, the scale is larger than that of other houses, and it is the living room of the owner of the courtyard. On both sides of the courtyard, there are east and west wings, which are where the younger generations live. There is a corridor between the main room and the side room, where people can walk and rest.

The walls of the courtyard and the houses facing the street generally do not open windows to the outside, and the environment in the courtyard is closed and quiet. There are courtyard houses of all sizes in Beijing, but no matter how big or small, they are all made up of courtyards surrounded by houses on all sides.

There are two main reasons for the formation of courtyard houses in Beijing: the first is that the natural factors are that Beijing is cold in winter and hot in summer, and the courtyard in the courtyard house is closed and open on all sides, which can create a good internal microclimate and reduce the impact of bad external climate. It can effectively shade and cool in summer, have good lighting and keep warm in winter, and effectively resist wind and sand in spring.

The open-air and transparent courtyard is also an air outlet even if it is an air inlet, and it passes through natural wind pressure.

Get smooth ventilation for healthy and fresh air quality.

In addition, the courtyard is good for drainage and rainwater collection. The second is the Chinese feudal society made by political factors.

For more than 2,000 years, a set of strict social behavior norms have been formed, and the characteristics of the courtyard house with strict defense, introverted stability, and orderly order are highly consistent with this set of norms, which is also a reason for the courtyard to be preserved in the years, and it is also the advantage of the courtyard. Thank you.

The formal courtyard house, one household and one house, the plane layout can be large or small. The owner of the house can build according to the size of the land area and the number of people in the family, so small that there can be only one entry, large enough to three or **, and two quadrangle wide courtyards can also be built with a cross courtyard. The small one has 13 rooms; For the first or second hospital, there are 25 to 40 rooms.

The back wall of the wing house is a courtyard wall, and the corner is built with a brick wall. The large courtyard is surrounded from the outside by a wall with tall walls and no windows to show its secrecy.

The Beijing area is relatively arid, so it is common to use hard mountain tops with shallow eaves and moderate roof slopes. The Beijing Courtyard House is a traditional building left over from the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is inevitably strictly constrained by the hierarchical system. It is subject to the overall planning of the city. There are also factors of the natural environment.

The layout of the courtyard is characterized by a closed building, the main reason is to resist foreign invasion, so it is better to take care of the overall situation when enclosed!

Quadrangle, one of its characteristics is actually a quadrangle in the overall layout is very good, so, in this case, its cause is due to the development of history to finally form a quadrangle, then in this case, many quadrangle is like the courtyard in Beijing, his characteristics are the same.

Beijing Residences.

Courtyard houses are traditional residences in Beijing and even in North China. Its basic feature is pressing.

Diagram of the courtyard in Beijing.

The north-south axis symmetrically arranges the houses and courtyards, sits in the north and faces south, the gate is generally open in the southeast corner, and there is a shadow wall built in the door, so that outsiders can not see the activities in the courtyard. The main house is located on the central axis, and the side is the transept and the left and right wings. The main room is the living room of the elders, and the wing rooms are used for the younger generations, which also reflects the orthodox and rigorous traditional character of the people of North China.

Beijing area belongs to the warm temperate, semi-humid continental monsoon climate, cold winter and little snow, spring drought and windy sand, therefore, the residential design pays attention to thermal insulation and cold protection and shelter from wind and sand, the perimeter brick wall, the whole courtyard is surrounded by houses and walls, hard mountain roof, walls and roofs are relatively thick.

The courtyard houses in northern China are the most typical courtyard houses in Beijing. The courtyard sits in the north and faces south, and the gate is open in the southeast corner, which is called "Kanzhai Xunmen", which is considered auspicious, and is actually conducive to maintaining privacy and increasing the change of space. Enter the gate and turn west to the outer courtyard, arrange guest rooms, servants' rooms, kitchens and toilets.

From the outer courtyard to the north through a gorgeous hanging flower door into the square and large inner courtyard, the north side of the main house called the hall, enshrine the "heaven and earth monarch teacher" tablet, hold family etiquette, receive distinguished guests, its left and right ear rooms live in the elders and used as a study. The wings on both sides of the courtyard are the junior living rooms. Each room is connected by a "hand-copying verandah", which does not have to go through the open air, and you can also sit in the corridor to enjoy the flowers and trees in the courtyard.

The Beijing Courtyard House is famous because although it is a residential building, it contains profound cultural connotations and is the carrier of traditional Chinese culture. The construction of the courtyard house is very particular about feng shui, from the selection of the site, the positioning to the determination of the specific scale of each building, it must be carried out according to the theory of feng shui. Feng Shui theory, in fact, is the ancient Chinese architectural environment science, and is an important part of the traditional Chinese residential architecture theory, which has been guiding the construction activities of ancient China for thousands of years.

In addition to the theory of feng shui, the decoration, carving and painting of the courtyard house also reflect the folk customs and traditional culture everywhere, showing people's pursuit of happiness, beauty, wealth and auspiciousness under certain historical conditions. For example, the pattern composed of bats and longevity characters means "blessing and longevity", and the pattern of the moon season flower placed in the vase means "four seasons of peace", and the auspicious words embedded in the door tube and the door, the pillar couplets attached to the eaves pillar, and the calligraphy and painting masterpieces hanging in the room are also a collection of ancient and philosophical teachings, collecting ancient and modern famous sentences, or ode to the beauty of mountains and rivers, or the study of the world, or the ambition of Yonghonghu, elegant and elegant, full of rich cultural atmosphere, Dens Courtyard, like stepping into a palace of traditional Chinese culture.

The Beijing Courtyard House is intimate and tranquil, with a courtyard scale that brings the earth closer to people's hearts, making it an ideal outdoor living space, with a square courtyard that is conducive to winter sunshine. The climate in the northeast is cold, and the yard is more wide. In the south of Beijing, the west sun is severe in summer, and the yard becomes narrow and long from north to south.

The northwest wind and sand are very large, and the courtyard wall is heightened.

The construction of the courtyard house pays great attention to feng shui, and the theory of feng shui is actually the ancient Chinese architectural environment, which is an important part of traditional Chinese architectural theory; The decoration, carving and painting of the courtyard house also reflect the folk customs and traditional culture everywhere, showing people's pursuit of happiness, beauty, wealth and auspiciousness, such as the pattern composed of bats and longevity characters, which means "happiness and longevity"; The pattern of moon flowers placed in the vase symbolizes "peace in all seasons"; The auspicious words embedded in the door hairpin, the auspicious words on the door, the couplets attached to the pillars, and the masterpieces of calligraphy and painting hanging in the room, are the collection of ancient and modern famous sentences, or the beauty of the mountains and rivers, or the learning of the world, or the ambition of the Honghu, elegant and elegant, full of rich cultural atmosphere, like a palace of traditional Chinese culture.

The courtyard house is a traditional form of dwelling in Beijing, which has begun to become a scale in the Liao Dynasty, and has gradually improved through the Jin and Yuan dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and finally became the most distinctive form of residence in Beijing.

The so-called four, "four" refers to the east, west, south and north four sides, "he" means that the four sides of the house are surrounded together, forming a "mouth" shape. After hundreds of years of construction, the Beijing courtyard house has formed a unique Beijing style from the plane layout, internal structure and detailed decoration.

The regular courtyard houses in Beijing generally sit in the north and face south according to the east-west hutongs, and the basic form is to separate the north room (main house), the south room (inverted seat room) and the east and west wing rooms on all sides, and then surround them with high walls to form a quadrangle and open a door. The gate is located in the southeast corner of the house. The total number of rooms is generally 5 rooms in the north room 3 and 2 ears, 3 rooms in the east and west rooms, and 4 rooms in the south room, including the gate hole and the hanging flower door, a total of 17 rooms.

If each room is calculated as 11 12 square meters, the total area is about 200 square meters. In the middle of the courtyard is the courtyard, the courtyard is spacious, the courtyard is planted with trees and flowers, and the goldfish are raised in the tank, which is the center of the courtyard layout, and it is also the place where people walk, lighting, ventilation, coolness, rest, and housework.

The sky is round. Founder: The priority is clear.

Respect the elderly and filial piety, parents live in the front room;

Many people yearn for the life of the courtyard, although the space is small, but they feel that life is more comfortable. To put it simply, the courtyard house is surrounded by habitable houses, and now the courtyard house is not much in our life, and there is no harmony in the courtyard when there is no harmony. So what are the characteristics of the quadrangle?

What are the cultural characteristics of the Quadrangle? Many people yearn for the life of the courtyard, although the space is small, but they feel that life is more comfortable. To put it simply, the courtyard house is surrounded by habitable houses, and now the courtyard house is not much in our life, and there is no harmony in the courtyard when there is no harmony.

So let me introduce what are the characteristics of the courtyard house? What are the cultural characteristics of the Quadrangle?

What are the characteristics of the courtyard house?

1: Four-sided courtyards of different sizes.

Courtyard houses of all sizes, large and small, are made up of courtyards surrounded by houses on all sides. The simple courtyard has only one courtyard, and the more complex courtyard has two or three courtyards, and the deep house compound where the rich and noble live is usually composed of several courtyard houses side by side. There is also a partition wall in the middle.

2: The appearance is symmetrical in the middle line.

The typical characteristics of the courtyard are that the appearance is regular, the middle line is symmetrical, and the usage is extremely flexible, to the large expansion, is the palace, the palace, to the small shrinkage, is the common people's residence, the glorious Forbidden City and the suburbs of the ordinary peasant family are all courtyard houses.

3: The courtyard is closed and private.

The general distribution of the courtyard is the gate, the first courtyard, the lobby, the second courtyard, the library, the residence, etc., there are wing rooms on both sides, and each room has a corridor, which is connected by a partition door. The understanding of the dwellings on the surface of the earth will surely promote and develop the culture of dwellings.

What are the cultural characteristics of the Quadrangle?

1 Patriarchal law is based on blood relations and honors common ancestors; There is a clear distinction between the elder and the inferior, and the primogeniture inheritance system is implemented; distinguish between large and small sects; The house respects the principle of "the north house is respected, the two compartments are secondary, the inverted seat is the guest, and the miscellaneous house is attached"; The height and size of each room are inconsistent, and the priority is clearly distinguished.

2 Architecture Buildings pay attention to doctrine, the building sits in the north and faces south, and the positioning, scale, and planning of the building need to be carried out in accordance with the theory; In the interior decoration, decoration, planning and design and other aspects have a particular theory, the overall look is full of strong traditional cultural atmosphere.

3 Social hierarchy.

The gate of the courtyard is the main manifestation of the social status of the head of the household, so people attach great importance to the construction of the gate, and the concept of hierarchy is more serious, and there are strict requirements in all aspects such as style, color, decoration, and steps of the gate.

What are the characteristics of the courtyard house I introduced above? What are the cultural characteristics of the Quadrangle? The life of the courtyard is relatively beautiful, mainly reflecting the harmonious life of the family in a courtyard.

Of course, there are courtyard houses now, but there is no joy as before, if we want to build a courtyard or buy it, we can learn about it