The relationship between the truth of history and the truth of historiography

The truth of history refers to the real situation that happened in the place at that time.

It is impossible for us to cross over, and it is impossible for the person to be resurrected. Even if there were living witnesses, it is not known whether his words were affected in some way.

The reliability of documentary records (official histories, field histories, notes, as well as modern newspapers, periodicals, order documents, documentaries, etc.) is also questionable, because most of the historical documents were compiled by later generations, and second, even the reports at the time were still constrained by many circumstances at the time.

The archaeology of cultural relics is more reliable, but it also needs to be supplemented by documentary materials, which belongs to archaeology.

To sum up, it is very difficult to restore 100% of the historical truth.

So what about the truth of historiography? Of course, the study of history should first restore the true nature of history to the greatest extent, impartially, and objectively. With the development of history, the methods of research are also constantly evolving, although it is impossible to restore the whole picture of the matter for a while, but the truth is gradually emerging.

Second, the study of history is influenced by the ideas and concepts of the times, and will form a certain view of history. The same event, interpreted from different points of view, will also lead to different conclusions.

Personally, I think that it is impossible for history to be completely objective, and the "truth" of historiography should be manifested in seeking truth from facts about the real situation at that time, and what is credible is credible, and what is not credible is not credible.

On the other hand, in the evaluation of history, Chen Yinke's attitude of having a sympathetic understanding of the ancients and understanding of the sympathy of understanding is not correct. There should be controversy, true opinions, true attitudes, and true criticism, but we should also respect and understand the ancients, and judge things on a case-by-case basis, and do not buckle our hats.

History is a thing that has been sealed in the dust, and the role of historiography is to unearth it, learn lessons from it, and enable us to have a better present and future

See. Chen Yinge's method of governing history.

History and historiography.

There is no truth in history, I don't think the things of the past are true anymore... Because for two people arguing, and there will be a group of women next to them to express their opinions, it can be seen that there are many explanations for the facts, not to mention history.

It is said that Zhao Gao, who "pointed to the deer as a horse", wanted the historian to erase his rebellious behavior and killed a lot, but the historians have always pursued the spirit of historiography, that is, to follow history.

Historiography is not the same thing as history books, history is a research discipline, and history books are a type of creation.

Historiography, also known as historiography, is the object of study that determines objective reality, and is the premise and foundation for the establishment of a science. [1] In order to establish the discipline of historical criticism, it is necessary to determine the connotation of the definition of historical criticism from an ontological perspective. In order to determine the definition of historiography, it is necessary to define historiography (also known as "historiography").

What exactly is historiography? This is a problem that must first be solved in the study of historiography and historical theory, and the study of historical criticism and theory is no exception. This is because, although it belongs to the category of historiographical ontology, rather than the important issue of historiographical criticism ontology, the basic issues such as the object of historiography and the research object of historiography theory cannot be clarified without first defining the definition of historiography.

Historical books Ancient history books refer to the books that specifically record history in ancient books, and they are the history department in the four library classifications.

Types of history books.

China's history books are vast and varied, which can be roughly divided into the following types.

Official History: In the style of chronicles and chronicles, the historical books that record the achievements of the emperor, the history of the dynasty, the biographies of the characters and the chronicles of the people, the military and the Ming affairs, culture, geography and other aspects are called the official history. For example, it is commonly referred to as the twenty-four histories.

Except for a few personal works (such as Sima Qian's "Historical Records", Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han", Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms", and Ouyang Xiu's "History of the New Five Dynasties"), most of the official histories were written by officials.

Other histories: mainly refer to historical books that record the historical facts of past dynasties or generations in addition to chronicles and biographies; Written by famous scholars, it is sometimes indistinguishable from miscellaneous histories. For example, "Han Jin Spring and Autumn".

Miscellaneous history: It only records the beginning and end of an event, what you saw and heard at a time or the private record of a family, which is a history book with a sense of anecdote.

Wild History: A history book written by the people, which is different from the official history.

Barnyard History: It usually refers to historical books that record the customs of Luxiang, folk trivia and old news, such as the "Song Barnyard Banknotes" of Pan Yongyin of the Qing Dynasty, and the "Qing Barnyard Banknotes" of Xu Ke of the Qing Dynasty. It is also sometimes used to refer to "wild history" in general.

Who says that? Historical books are only a reference for historical research.

Also known as "historiography". is a department of social sciences. It is a science that studies and expounds the specific process of the development of human society and its regularity.

Marxism believes that historiography is a part of social ideology and has a distinct class character. Its main task is to elucidate and reveal the laws of historical development from the primitive commune system through slavery, feudalism, and capitalism to socialism and communism in chronological order and by applying specific historical facts. The recording and compilation of history has been around since ancient times.

Since ancient times, many famous historians have appeared in various countries and nationalities around the world, leaving valuable historical works for future generations, accumulating rich historical materials, and expressing various historical ideas, viewpoints and methods of historical management. These records of human progress from different perspectives are an important part of the cultural heritage of humanity. However, the pre-Marxist historical theory and historiographical viewpoint, as far as its mainstream is concerned, basically proceeded from the standpoint of protecting the interests of the exploiting class.

Shi Zhen, male, born in January 1948, originally from Hancheng, Shaanxi Province. He is currently a professor and doctoral supervisor of the Department of Chemistry of Northwest University, the chairman of the Shaanxi Chemical Society, and the director of the Academic Committee of the Shaanxi Chemical Society. Director of the Organic Chemistry Discipline Committee of the Shaanxi Chemical Society, Director of the Institute of Chemical Biology of Northwest University, Director of the Green Chemistry and Technology Research Center, Member of the Education Committee of the Chinese Chemical Society, Director of the Chinese Chemical Society, Member of the Editorial Board of Chemical Bulletin, and Member of the Shaanxi Association for Science and Technology.

In 2000, Shaanxi Province was awarded the title of "Expert with Outstanding Contributions", in 2002, Shaanxi Province was awarded the title of "Advanced Worker of Shaanxi Province", and in 2006, Shaanxi Provincial Association for Science and Technology awarded the title of "Outstanding Scientific and Technological Worker of Shaanxi Province". He graduated from the Department of Chemistry of Northwestern University in 1975 and was a visiting scholar at Western Michigan University from 1986 to 1988.

"Historical knowledge" is subjective by people, and using history as a mirror can help us know the rise and fall, understand history, and sum up historical experience. Some people say that the king will be defeated or not, but no matter whether history is true or not, people's views on history must always have their own views and enlightenment, which is also the purpose of studying history. Personal opinion, don't blame you for being wrong!

Historical facts: Historical facts.

Historical knowledge: Historical knowledge is to analyze a large number of reliable historical facts under the guidance of a scientific view of history, and then draw scientific conclusions.

Historical knowledge refers to the understanding of historical materials, the identification of historical phenomena, the perception of historical laws, and the understanding of the connection between history and reality under the guidance of historical concepts, which are manifested in the characteristics of historical stages, that is, the essential generalization of many social phenomena in a specific historical stage.

Historical facts are simple and intuitive statements of facts.

Historical facts have direct guiding significance for understanding history, but there is a lack of research on historical significance.

Historical knowledge can sum up experience, draw lessons, and guide the development of real society"Historical knowledge"than"Historical facts"More important.

Historical knowledge refers to the understanding of history, which is like the understanding of the overall framework and basic historical concepts, that is, the basic principles of history: historical facts refer to the truth of history, pay attention to individual historical events, and are historical knowledge without subjective analysis. For example, historical knowledge is like the skeleton of the human body, and historical facts are muscles.