High School Biology, Urgent! Everyone, help me answer, it s good, fast, and I ll give a reward after

As can be seen from the question, the grandfather is xby, the grandmother is xbxb, so the aunt is 1 2xbxb or 1 2xbxb; Uncle is xby; The aunt's daughter is xbxb(1 2+1 2*1 2=3 4) or xbxb(1 4) and she is xby, so the probability of their offspring being xby is: 1 4*1 4=1 16

Because the amino and carboxyl groups of other amino acids form peptide bonds when they are dehydrated and condensed, the peptide bonds naturally break down during hydrolysis.

The minimum value of the total number of amino acids is 5, and the total number of peptide bonds is 17;

1 amino acid molecule will have 1 H, 1 amino group, 1 carboxyl group and one R group, because the R group is uncertain, so the R group may be an amino group, so the minimum ammonia base is not considered R group.

No matter how long a peptide chain is, if the R group is not considered, it contains only 1 amino group and 1 carboxyl group, and the amino and carboxyl groups of other amino acids form peptide bonds when dehydrated and condensed.

Therefore, there are several peptide chains, and the minimum value of amino groups is several. Therefore, there are 5 of them.

Peptide bonds are dehydrated and condensed by amino and carboxyl groups, and the 3 peptides formed by two amino acids have 2 peptide bonds, and 4 peptides have 3 peptide bonds ......Therefore, the number of peptide bonds is equal to the number of amino acids that make up the polypeptide minus 1. So there are 17.

How a polypeptide is hydrolyzed into multiple short peptides, whether the peptide bond is broken down, or the hydrolysis of polypeptides in other organisms is done under the action of enzymes, and each enzyme recognizes and acts at different sites. In other words, an enzyme only cuts the peptide bond in a section of a particular amino acid, turning the long polypeptide into several short tires.

Do peptide bonds bind to water to become amino acids? Thrilling West explains the hydrolysis process of peptide bonds, which is not right. Peptide bonds are formed when two amino acids are dehydrated and condensed. The hydrolysis of the peptide bond of one dipeptide gives two amino acids.

There is a problem here: if a certain 22 peptide is hydrolyzed into 1 4 peptide, 2 3 peptides, and 2 6 peptides, then the minimum value of the total number of amino acids and the total number of peptide bonds of these peptides are in order.

The total is 4+2*3+2*6=22

The total number of peptide bonds is (4-1) + 2 * (3-1) + 2 * (6-1) = 12

The hydrolysis of a polypeptide into multiple short peptides is due to the breakdown of peptide bonds, and the combination of 1 peptide bond (-co-nh-) and 1 water molecule to produce 1 carboxyl group (-cooh) and 1 amino group (-NH2) is due to the specific process of (H2O to form -OH and -H, -CO and -OH to form -Coon, -NH and -H to form -NH2).

The second question is wrong, it should be the minimum value of the total number of amino groups of these peptides.

If the R group of each amino acid that makes up the peptide chain does not contain an amino group, the number of amino groups is the least, and one peptide chain contains 1 amino group. A certain 22 peptide is hydrolyzed into 1 4 peptide, 2 3 peptides, and 2 6 peptides, with a total of 5 peptide chains, so the minimum value of the total number of amino groups of these peptides is 5. Every two amino acids are dehydrated and condensed to form 1 peptide bond, 4 peptides contain 3 peptide bonds, 3 peptides contain 2 peptide bonds, and 6 peptides contain 5 peptide bonds, so the total number of peptide bonds of these peptides is 3+2*2+5*2=17

1: Let the R group do not contain amino or carboxyl groups.

In a peptide chain, the amino group is the first or last idle bonding amino group.

Then the minimum ammonia base is, 1+2+2=5

2. Remember the formula: amino acids = peptide bond + peptide chain.

2,3=2+1 2*2=4 (to be counted separately because it has been hydrolyzed) 3,6=5+1 5*2=10 (to be counted separately because it has been hydrolyzed) Total = 3+4+10=17

The answer is 5,17

The peptide bonds are all the same: -co-nh- because they are all formed by the shrinkage and condensation of carboxyl groups (-cooh) and amino groups (-nh2) in the following process:

cooh + nh2-

Take off an H2O

co-nh-

It is the peptide bond that is broken, or it can be said that the peptide bond is broken. The expression of the peptide bond is -nh-co-, and the hydrolysis of the peptide bond refers to the combination of the peptide bond with water to form -nh2 and -coohIt can be seen that every time a peptide bond is hydrolyzed, a -COOH will be produced, so when the original polypeptide does not contain -COOH, the number of hydrolyzed peptide bonds is the minimum number of amino acids produced after hydrolysis, therefore, the total number of amino acids in this problem is the minimum 5, because the number of peptide bonds to be hydrolyzed is 5, so the total number of peptide bonds is 17

nh₂-ch-co【 oh h】-nh-ch-cooh│ ↓

r h o r peptide bond is the amino group and carboxyl group after the reaction (-co-nh-) peptide bond number = the number of dehydrated = the number of amino acids - the number of peptide chains.

N amino acids are dehydrated and condensed to form n-1 peptide bonds, and n-1 molecular water is removed.

a. After drinking water, antidiuretic hormone decreases; Mistake.

b. When cold, neuromodulation ( and humoral modulation ( co-regulation; That's right.

c. 3 to 4 hours after meals, blood sugar is low, and liver glycogen is decomposed into glucose, but muscle glycogen cannot be decomposed to produce glucose; Mistake.

d. As can be seen from the figure, the immune system is also involved, so it should be the result of neuro-humoral and immune regulation.

Pick B. Here 2 is the hypothalamus, and 3 is the pituitary gland and thyroid gland.

a.Antidiuretic hormone levels are markedly reduced.

c.Muscle glycogen cannot be broken down.

d.The maintenance of homeostasis is the result of neuro-humoral and immune regulation.

A: After drinking a large amount of water, the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid decreases, and the antidiuretic hormone decreases (antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, which promotes the reabsorption of water by renal tubules and collecting ducts).

B: Right. It is the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center, which can be the thyroid gland and is the thyroid hormone.

C: Muscle glycogen cannot be broken down.

D: It should be neurological-humoral and immunomodulating.