What fertilizer do you need to apply when growing eggplant? How to prevent pests and diseases in egg

For example, in its seedling stage, the eggplant likes the common fertilizer used by the farmer, so we need to apply the common fertilizer to it. At the maturity stage, it prefers to absorb fertilizers containing nitrogen, and some fertilizers containing such elements should be applied in a targeted manner. Pharmaceutical prevention and control:

Spray once before the onset of the disease or before the rainy season, remove the diseased fruits and leaves, spray once a week or so, and spray 2-3 times in a row. The agent is Bordeaux liquid, methyl tobuzin,

Generally, you can choose to sow in summer and autumn, before sowing, the seedbed should be properly disinfected, cultivate robust eggplant seedlings, when the seedling age reaches one month, you can transplant the seedlings to the greenhouse, generally planting 2500-2800 plants per mu, pay attention to the application of root water. Timely removal of diseased leaves, timely prevention of pests and diseases, especially underground pests, can be used biphenyl clothianidin to control underground pests, diseases can be prevented by applying carbendazim and other prevention, pyraclostrobin and other prevention and control, disease control can be added at the same time can be added sea elf foliar fertilizer to enhance the disease resistance of eggplant trees.

Choose disease-resistant varieties.

Apply more well-rotted organic fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, promote the healthy growth of plants, and improve plant resistance.

In the high temperature season, it is necessary to water frequently with small water to keep the soil from drying out or cracking, reducing root damage and controlling hair.

Although there are many varieties of eggplant crops, but its basic traits have not changed, the root height of the plant is only developed, it likes fertilizer, the drought tolerance is poor, the stem lignification degree is high, the branches are many, the growth period is carried out at the same time when the seedlings are cultivated, and the vegetative growth and reproductive differentiation growth are carried out at the same time, and the eggplant is not a difficult vegetable to wait for from the nutritional point of view after 4 true leaves. Eggplant naturally likes nitrogen fertilizer, which is suitable for cultivation in soil rich in organic matter and strong water and fertilizer retention. In the growing period of eggplant, the requirement for nitrogen fertilizer is relatively high.

Nitrogen deficiency before flowering and flowering, the most taboo fertilizer for planting eggplant, I have to say that there is no completely rotted farmhouse fertilizer, and farmhouse fertilizer is generally applied by the roots of the hole, affecting the root system, and the delicate root system may be further fermented and dissipated by the large farmer's fertilizer burned and withered, affecting the slow growth of the plants on the ground.

Fertilization at the <> seedling stage: The nutrition of eggplant seedlings is very important for it, because only when the soil nutrition is high can the eggplant seedlings with strong roots be cultivated, so it is necessary to pay attention to the application of certain basal fertilizer at the seedling stage. The base fertilizer can be used organic fertilizer, potassium sulfate, calcium phosphate, etc., although eggplant is a very fertilizer-eating crop, but it is also taboo to apply too much fertilizer at one time, and the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is very large in the full fruit period.

However, when it is high temperature, it should be the principle of "many times and a small amount", apply less fertilizer at a time, and apply more times at a time, so as not to be idle.

Eggplants are long throughout the growth cycle and have deep roots, so fertilization is key. When we fertilize the eggplant in the summer phase, especially in the high temperature phase, we use a small amount of fertilizer multiple times. For example, the use of urea is generally about 10 kg per mu, followed by planting eggplant, in the summer when the high temperature and rain and humidity are also very large, it is taboo to use some powdered type of fertilizer, or manure fertilizer, such a fertilizer type is easy to be washed away by rain, rarely can penetrate into the soil, and finally the eggplant itself can not absorb any nutrients Rural open-air eggplant fertilization needs to be carried out according to the characteristics of eggplant fertilizer, the growth period of eggplant is long, the demand for nutrients is large, and there are different growth needs in different growth stages. Therefore, fertilization should be determined according to the growth of eggplant.

When fertilizing eggplant, we should pay attention to the use of fertilizer envy containing reed material, and the unrotted chicken manure in the farmhouse fertilizer must not be fertilized for eggplant. When choosing to use nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, urea, and ammonium bicarbonate, it is also necessary to use them strictly according to the instructions, so as not to cause poor growth of eggplant due to improper fertilization.

Eggplant should not be applied to fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen, the main edible part of eggplant is, its fruit, eggplant fruit is a non-bright branch is often good vegetable, is to enrich our "vegetable basket" a very delicious berry, consumers always like the appearance of the eggplant fruit that grows better, Jing Pa Min As the saying goes, "goods sell a skin", it is not false at all, if in the later stage of eggplant coloring, continue to apply fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen, it is easy to cause poor coloring, and the colored fruit is back to green, although it does not affect the edible, But to affect the appearance of eggplant, potassium nitrate also contains a certain amount of nitrate nitrogen, eggplant coloring stage, it is not easy to apply, you can use potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, etc.

The most taboo fertilizer for eggplant is the farmhouse fertilizer that is not fully rotten. Eggplant has a great demand for nitrogen in the fruiting period, but under high temperature weather conditions, it is necessary to adopt the high-level "small amount and many times" fertilization method to avoid excessive application amount for the second time. Generally, top dressing is carried out once every 7 days or so, and it is used together with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

1. Reapply basal fertilizer. Eggplant is a fertilizer-loving and fertilizer-tolerant crop, with a long growth period, and in order to obtain high yields, sufficient basal fertilizer must be applied before planting. The amount of basal fertilizer accounts for about 1 3-1 2 of the total amount of fertilizer.

Generally, 5000-7000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer (chicken manure, horse manure, cow manure, pig manure, etc.) is applied per mu, and it is best to apply 2 3 generally, 1 3 with an appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer 25-50 kg, and then apply it intensively into the planting ditch or planting hole.

Second, top dressing in stages. Eggplant has a long fruiting period and needs to be topdressed several times. The amount of nutrients absorbed by eggplant increases rapidly after the full flowering period, so the key period of top dressing is from "door eggplant staring" to "four door bucket" harvesting.

During this period, top dressing can be done every 10-15 days, and 15-20 kg of ammonium sulfate or kg of urea per mu of top dressing can be applied each time, or 500-600 kg of decayed human feces and urine can be topdressed. The fertilization method can be furrowed, hole or flushed with water. If it is cultivated in the high temperature season or greenhouse in midsummer, it should be avoided to be applied with water to prevent the volatilization of the active ingredients, resulting in reduced fertilizer efficiency and fertilizer damage.

3. Spraying fertilizer outside the roots: eggplant leaves are yellow due to nitrogen deficiency and magnesium deficiency near the main vein, and defoliation often occurs and affects the yield. In order to make up for the lack of root fertilization, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed with urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, etc. according to the growth of eggplant from the fruiting period.

Generally, once every 7-10 days, spray 2-3 times in a row.

The eggplant itself does not have high requirements for fertilizer, but the temperature is high in summer, and improper fertilization can easily cause fertilizer damage.

1. Avoid excessive one-time fertilizer application. Eggplant has a great demand for nitrogen fertilizer in the full fruiting period, but under high temperature weather conditions, the fertilization method of "small amount and multiple times" should be adopted, and the one-time application amount should not be too large. Generally, top dressing is done once in about 7 days, and 10 15 kg of urea is applied per mu each time.

Second, do not apply with water. Many vegetable farmers have the habit of applying chemical fertilizers with water, but it is very unsuitable in hot weather conditions in summer. Because of the high temperature, nitrogen fertilizers, especially ammonium bicarbonate, are easy to decompose and volatilize, and the ammonia produced by decomposition not only reduces the fertilizer efficiency, but also easily causes eggplant ammonia poisoning.

Therefore, when applying fertilizers such as urea and ammonium bicarbonate, it is necessary to take furrow application or hole application.

Three taboos are to apply nitrogen fertilizer alone. When topdressing, it is not possible to apply only nitrogen fertilizer every time. In the full fruit period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied 2 or 3 times, and ternary compound fertilizer is best used to meet the needs of eggplant growth and fruiting, and it can also play a role in improving the quality of eggplant.

The first is to avoid potassium chloride fertilizer (potassium chloride), almost the whole process of eggplant growth. The other is the seedling period to avoid ammonia (ammonia, ammonium bisinate) fertilizer application, will burn eggplant seedlings, in the high temperature season can not dig a ditch cover to apply ammonia-containing fertilizer, high temperature ammonia volatilization can still burn into the eggplant. In planting, most of the base fertilizer mostly uses farmhouse fertilizer, if you need to add chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer, use superphosphate and potassium sulfate, use urea in top dressing, and potassium fertilizer topdressing In addition to potassium sulfate, you can also use foliar spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate to supplement potassium fertilizer.

The nutrient demand of eggplant is relatively large, and the type of fertilizer and the amount of fertilizer required at each stage of eggplant are not very different, so reasonable and effective fertilization plays a key role in whether eggplant can achieve the purpose of high yield and high quality.

Although eggplant is dominated by digestion and absorption of base fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are also indispensable. In the fertilization period, it is not possible to only top the nutrient organic fertilizer every time, and in the harvest period, it is necessary to use phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, etc., which can improve the production of eggplant, improve the quality, and increase the effect of the harvest period. Before flowering and fruiting, at the veraison stage and at the fruit Peng stage, the eggplant was sprayed to improve the quality of bee pollen fertilization, and the circulatory system had a strong fruit setting rate, which promoted the growth and development of the fruit, without deformity, quality improvement, and continuous harvest.

Heavy application of base fertilizer: integrated tillage, 15000 20000kg of organic fertilizer, 10 15kg of urea solution, and 50kg of compound fertilizer (15 15 15) were applied every 667 square meters.

Light application of seedling fertilizer: after transplanting to before full bloom, fertilize 1 2 times according to the growth and development potential of the plant, and the concentration value should not be too high, otherwise it will cause the plant to grow vigorously and cause flower and fruit drop. During the pollination period, in order to avoid falling flowers and fruits, if the plant is not seriously deficient in fertilizer and water, there is generally no need to fertilize and irrigate.

Immediate topdressing fertilizer: When the pollinated fruit grows to the size of a goose egg, immediately water and fertilize, apply 10 20kg of urea solution and 25kg of compound fertilizer per 667 square meters of hole, so as to promote the rapid growth of the fruit. After the end of pollination, fertilize 2 3 times, and apply 10 15kg of compound fertilizer per 667 square meters of hole each time.

Fertilization is terminated as the fruit is gradually unpacked, keeping the soil layer moist at all times. The father Guangzhou Honda ploughed and applied base fertilizer basically the same as the mother Honda. As long as there is enough bee pollen to supply, no further fertiliser is generally required, and the soil layer is moist at all times.

In the harvest period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used 2 3 times, and ternary compound fertilizers are best used to achieve the growth and development of eggplant, and it can also have the effect of improving the quality of eggplant fruit.

Common problems of eggplant fertilizationMany farmers have the habit of applying it with washing, but this method cannot be used under the standard of hot weather. Due to the relatively high ambient temperature, nutrient organic fertilizers, especially potassium nitrate, are very easy to dissolve and evaporate, and the nitrogen dioxide caused by refinement not only reduces fertility, but also easily causes eggplant ammonia poisoning. Therefore, when topdressing urea solution, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and other chemical fertilizers, it is necessary to use furrow application or hole application.

The depth is not shallow than 5cm, in order to reduce the evaporation of organic fertilizer related components, and it should be watered in time after fertilization.

Heavy application of basal fertilizer, because the growth period of eggplant is relatively long, so before planting, it is necessary to apply sufficient basal fertilizer, and the amount of basal fertilizer is one-third or one-half of the total amount of fertilizer. The well-rotted organic fertilizer is chicken manure, horse manure, cow manure, pig manure, etc., which is topdressed in stages, and the eggplant fruiting period is relatively long, so it needs to be fertilized many times.

Eggplant must avoid noon when fertilizing, and then ensure sufficient water after fertilization, so as not to make the eggplant grow better.

1. Cataplexy.

This disease usually occurs in the seedling stage of eggplant, which is manifested by the fact that the seedlings are water-stained near the base of the soil, and then they will shrink into threads, and the leaves have fallen to the surface before the seedlings have fallen. To prevent this disease, we need to ventilate the plants, keep them in moderate light, and avoid overwatering. It can also be treated with 58% remycin 800 to 100 times or Pricr 600 times.

2. Brown striae.

This disease is also a common occurrence of eggplant, which is manifested by the change of water-stained spots on the leaves to brown wheel stripes with grayish-white and small black spots on the edges. The fruit also develops lesions and slowly develops into a sauce color. In this case, we try to choose varieties with good resistance, do a good job of ventilation, and we also need to reduce the moisture of the soil appropriately.

It can be controlled with 1500 times of promethine solution or 50% 600 times of bacterial dorin.

3. Cotton blight.

This lesion now appears as a number of water-stained round spots on the fruit, which then turn brown and sunken, with the occasional dense white mold, which eventually causes the fruit to rot or even fall off. For this reason, we need to make diligent repairs during the time period when they are growing to ensure the flow of light and air. It can also be sprayed with special drugs**, which will have a good effect.

4. Aphids. The main insect pests are aphids, which can be sprayed directly with special agents**. And there are mites, they are also more harmful, if the flowers that occur can be controlled with 1500 times the liquid of the mite.

Extended information: 1. Eggplant growing conditions.

1. Temperature: eggplant is thermophilic and heat-resistant, and its most suitable growth temperature is 20 30, and its fertilization and fruit development are stunted when it is lower than 20; When it is lower than 15 17, the growth and development are stunted, and the flower loss is serious. When it is less than 13, the growth basically stops. 0 1 when frost damage occurs; Fertility disorder occurs above 35.

2. Light: Eggplant has high requirements for light time intensity. Under the conditions of long sunshine and high intensity, eggplant has vigorous growth, flower buds, high fruit yield and good coloring.

3. Moisture: eggplant likes water and is afraid of waterlogging, because of its lush branches and leaves, large transpiration, and large water demand, the soil field water holding capacity is 80% during the growth period, and the relative humidity of the air is 70% 80%. If the humidity is too high, the disease is serious, especially the soil is waterlogged, which is easy to cause the root to die.

Eggplant has a well-developed root system, which is more resistant to drought, especially before fruit setting, and properly controlling water before fruit setting, and multiple tillage can promote root development, prevent seedlings from growing, and be conducive to flower bud differentiation and fruit set.

4. Soil: It is suitable for cultivation in soil rich in organic matter and strong water and fertilizer retention. Eggplant has a higher requirement for nitrogen fertilizer, and the flower bud differentiation is delayed when nitrogen is deficient, and the number of flowers is significantly reduced, especially in the peak flowering period, if the nitrogen is insufficient, the short column flowers become more and the plant development is not good.

Under the condition of low nitrogen fertilizer level, the effect of phosphate fertilizer was not significant, and the potassium uptake increased sharply in the later stage.