Introduce a nation that is not commonly spoken, and introduce a nation in our country

Miao people: an ancient civilization and a people who pay attention to etiquette, and the festivals are unique and distinctive.

In most areas, the Miao people eat three meals a day, and rice is the staple food. Deep-fried poop is the most common type of fried food. Typical foods mainly include: blood soup, chili bones, Miaoxiang turtle and phoenix soup, cotton cabbage, insect tea, Wanhua tea, pounded fish, sour soup fish, etc.

The Miaoling Mountains and Wuling Mountains, where the Miao people live, have a mild climate, surrounded by mountains and rivers, and dotted with large and small fields and dams. It produces rice, corn, millet, wheat, cotton, flue-cured tobacco, rape, tung oil, etc. In addition, it also contains abundant timber resources and mineral resources.

Miao people have many Miao festivals in history, and the more solemn festivals have been "Miao Year", "April 8", "Dragon Boat" festival and so on.

The Miao people have a long history, and in the ancient Chinese classics, there have long been records about the ancestors of the Miao people more than 5,000 years ago, which is called from the Yellow River basin to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River"Nanban"of clans and tribes. The Miao people have no written language, and the Miao language belongs to the Miao branch of the Miao Yao language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family.

The Miao people live in the high mountain area and are mainly agricultural, with upland rice as their crops. Grain, buckwheat, potatoes and beans, and the cash crop is hemp, which is generally grown by oneself and woven by oneself. The Miao people have a wealth of folk oral literature, such as ancient songs, poems, love songs and so on.

The Miao people are also good at dancing, and the reed sheng dance is the most popular.

Miao language: Miao is divided into three major dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Due to the long-term interaction between the Miao and the Han people, a large number of Miao people are fluent in both Chinese and Chinese.

The Miao area is dominated by agriculture, supplemented by hunting. Miao people's flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, paper-cutting, jewelry making and other arts and crafts are magnificent and colorful, well-known at home and abroad. Among them, the batik process of the Miao people has a history of thousands of years.

There are more than 130 kinds of Miao costumes, which can be comparable to the costumes of any ethnic group in the world.

The Miao people are a people who can sing and dance, especially for their love songs and drinking songs. Lusheng is the most representative of the Miao people.

25.Dulong clan.

The Dulong clan was once known as "Yuren", "Quren" and so on. After liberation, according to the wishes of the nation, it was named Dulong Tribe. Now it mainly lives in the Dulong River Valley of Gongshan in Yunnan Province.

In the middle of this century, the Dulong people were still in the stage of disintegration of the primitive commune, and the women still admired the custom of tattooing. In the past, the religious beliefs of the Dulong people were still in the more primitive stage of nature worship or animism, and even the only annual festival (Dulong language: Kaqiwa) was associated with religion.

The festival is held on a certain day of the winter month of winter (the time varies from place to place), and the length of the festival often depends on the amount of food prepared.

ergrgffvgrtyry5uy6 fat field powder hair each reflects the hair Jiayuguan method.

Nation is a historical category with its processes of occurrence, development and disappearance. There is still no unified understanding in foreign countries, and the understanding in Chinese academic circles is not consistent. Marxism holds that a nation is "a stable community formed by people in history with a common language, a common region, a common economic life, and a common psychological quality expressed in a common culture."

Therefore, different from human races, ethnicities are social unifications formed over a long period of history, and are formed due to the differences in economic life, language, living habits, and historical development of various ethnic groups (or tribes) in different regions.

Ethnic concept. Culture.

Ethnic group**. Nation formation.

National identity. Ethnic economy, distribution.

Ethos. Ethnic enclaves.

Hello, dear. A nation is a group of people who are objectively distinguished from other groups of people in terms of culture, language, and history, and is a concept formed in modern times through the study of the history of human evolution and race. The modern concept of nationality can be a group of people who are distinguished by a country, or it can simply refer to a group of people who have a common cultural concept but do not have a common language and history.

In modern times, the same people may have different religious beliefs; The same people can also have different historical origins, and different people can use the same language. National Age: A nation is a new ethnic group formed for political purposes, and in the case of the integration of cultural customs, the nation cannot be directly transformed into a national concept.

Typical national concepts include the Chinese nation, the Brazilian nation, the American nation, etc. Starting from January 1, 2016, Chinese citizens who have reached the age of 18 may apply for a change of ethnic composition based on the identity of their father or mother. Nation refers to a stable community formed through long-term historical development, a group of groups that are distinguished from other groups of people based on history, culture, and language, and are gradually integrated and formed by related tribes living in the same area along with social progress, economic development, and cultural, linguistic, and civilizational progress.

8] The "Chinese nation" we call has the nature of a national nation and is a common name for the 56 ethnic groups in contemporary China. [2] There are very few single-ethnic countries in the world. Even if it is a single-nation state, it is not a single nation internally.

There is also a problem of integration in the construction process of the so-called mono-nation-state. The definition of nation in Black's Law Dictionary is: a large group of people who share the same origin, language, traditions, etc., and form a political unit, and when this political unit is equal to the state, it is usually called a nation-state.

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Nationality refers to the common psychological quality formed by people in a certain stage of historical development with a common language, a common region, a common economic life, and a common national cultural characteristics.

of a stable community. The term "nation" is used very widely. But the meaning of the expression varies from occasion to occasion.

One is in a broad sense, which generally refers to various communities formed by people in history and at different historical stages, such as primitive peoples, ancient peoples, modern peoples, modern peoples, indigenous peoples, etc., and even clans and tribes can also be included. Or it is used to refer to the ethnic groups of a country or a region, such as the Chinese nation and the Arab nation.

Wait. The other is the nation in the narrow sense, which refers to the bourgeoisie.

Nationalities and socialist nations refer to individual national communities. Such as English, German, French, Han, Mongolian, Manchu, Hui, Tibetan, etc. Nation belongs to the historical category of a certain stage of social development, which does not exist at the beginning of human society, but comes into being when human history develops to a certain period.

In the same way, with the development of society, when it reaches a certain historical period, the nation will die out. The process of the formation of a nation is, in fact, the national language, the national psychology, and the national spirit.

National economy and life, that is, the process of the formation of national culture and national characteristics. After the formation of a nation, in the process of common development and common prosperity, all ethnic groups will inevitably have more and more commonalities, and their differences will become smaller and smaller, and the factors of national assimilation and national integration will gradually increase, and finally the disappearance of national differences, that is, the realization of national integration, and the return of mankind to a state of no national differences. But this is not a return to the state of prehistory, without ethnic differences, but a restoration and development in a higher form.

China has been a unified multi-ethnic country since ancient times. For thousands of years, many ethnic groups have been active in various periods of history. After a long period of differentiation, integration, development and changes, the Han nationality and 55 ethnic minorities were finally formed.

Coexisting situation.

China is a unified multi-ethnic country. In addition to the Han nationality, there are 55 ethnic minorities whose ethnic composition has been determined, and with the exception of the Neihui and Manchus, who have all switched to Chinese, the other 53 ethnic groups have their own languages. Different branches of the ethnic group also speak different languages.

As a result, there are 55 ethnic minorities in the country, with a total of 72 languages spoken. These languages belong to five language families: Sino-Tibetan, Altaic, Austronesian, Austroasiatic, and Indo-European.

The Sino-Tibetan language family can be divided into three language families: Chinese, Tibeto-Burman, Miao-Yao, and Zhuang-Dong. Belonging to the Tibeto-Burman language family, there are Tibetan, Menba, Lhoba, Qiang, Pumi, Dulong, Jingpo, Yi, Susu, Hani, Lagu, Naxi, Kino, Tujia, Zaiwa, Achang and other languages; Miao, Bunu, Mian, She and other languages belonging to the Miao Yao language family; Belonging to the Zhuang-Dong language family are Zhuang, Buyi, Dai, Dong, Shui, Linglao, Maonan, Li, Gelao and other languages.

The Altaic language family can be divided into three language families: Mongolian, Turkic, and Manchu-Tungus. Belonging to the Mongolian language family are Mongolian, Daur, Dongxiang, Eastern Yugu, Tuhe and Baoan languages; Belonging to the Turkic language family are Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Tatar, Sala, Western Yugu and other languages; Belonging to the Manchu Gusi language family, there are Manchu, Xibo, Hezhe, Evenki, Oroqen and other languages.

Belonging to the Austroasiatic language family are Wa, Deang, Brown and other languages.

Belonging to the Austronesian language family are the languages of the Gaoshan tribe.

Belonging to the Indo-European language family are Russian, which belongs to the Slavic language family, and Tajik, which belongs to the Indo-Iranian language family.

In addition, the lineage of Korean and Kyung-kyo, has not yet been determined.

At present, among the 55 ethnic minorities in China, except for the Hui and Manchu who no longer use their own ethnic scripts and directly use Chinese characters, there are 29 ethnic groups that have written languages that are consistent with their own languages, and because some ethnic groups use more than one script, such as the Dai language uses four scripts and the Jingpo people use two scripts, the 29 ethnic groups use a total of 54 scripts. The list is as follows:

Ethnic name The name of the person who uses the script.

Mongolian traditional Mongolian and Tote scripts.

Tibetan Tibetan.

Uyghur Uyghur old script, Uyghur new script.

Miao Old Miaowen, Qiandong Miaowen, Xiangxi Miaowen, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan Miaowen, Northeast Yunnan Miao Wen (the last 4 species are newly created).

Yi nationality planing and standardizing Yi language.

Zhuang square Zhuang characters, Zhuang Wen (newly created).

Buyi Buyi (newly created).

Korean: Korean.

Dong Dong (newly created).

Yao dialect script, Mian dialect script.

Bai Nationality Old Baiwen, Baiwen (newly created).

Tujia Tujia Wen (newly created).

Hani Hatyawen and Bikawen (both new).

Kazakh: Old Kazakh script, new Kazakh script.

Dai Old Dai Wen, New Dai Wen, Old Dai Nawen, New Dai Nawen, Dai Bandeng Wen, Jinping, Dai Wen Li Li Wen (newly created).

Susu Nationality Old Susu script (uppercase Latin alphabet pinyin script, lattice-style pinyin script, phonetic syllable script), new Susu script.

Wa Salar language, Wa script (newly created).

Lahu Lahu language.

Aquarium Water book.

Naxi Dongbawen, Gebawen, Marisa Wen, Naxi (Xinchuang) Jingpo Jingpo Wen, Zaiwa Wen (Xinchuang).

Kyrgyz Kyrgyz.

Tu Tu Wen (newly created).

Qiang Qiang (newly created).

Xibe Xibe.

Russian ethnic Russian.

Dulong clan Dulong Wen (newly created).

Kino Kinowen (newly created).

According to statistics, there are 56 ethnic groups in China, with more than 120 minority languages, more than 50 minority languages, and 22 ethnic minority languages.

Each DAO nation has at least one language, and some speak several languages. The Hui people in China use Chinese, the Manchus used to have their own language, and then gradually used Chinese, and the other 53 ethnic minorities have their own languages. There are more than 20 ethnic minority languages, which cannot be passed on without a written language, and are on the verge of extinction.

For example, there are only a dozen elderly people over 60 years old who are currently speakers; Manchu, now only about 100 people can understand it.

There are 29 ethnic groups in China that have scripts that are consistent with their own languages, such as the traditional scripts of Tibetan, Yi, Mongolian, Uygur and other ethnic groups, which are widely used. Since some ethnic groups use more than one script, such as the Dai language uses 4 scripts and the Jingpo people use 2 scripts, a total of 54 scripts are used by 29 ethnic groups. However, there are only 22 scripts that are often used.

There are still more than 20 ethnic groups that still do not have their own scripts and choose Chinese characters as their own scripts. Chinese characters are the legal language that represents China at international events.

There are four ethnic minority languages in use at present: Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, and Zhuang.

In fact, strictly speaking, each ethnic minority has its own language, and some have more than one language according to different tribes and ethnic groups. Take the Manchu people, who are closest to the Han nationality, have their own language, and many of the authentic Beijing dialects spoken by the current Beijingers are Manchu, such as Saqima and Bei......hai

The oldest ethnic group in China, the Qiang (now concentrated in western China).

Qiang, the orthodox descendants of Emperor Yan, the oracle bone inscription is the common language of the ancient Qiang people, with a racial history of no less than 6,000 years and about 310,000 people. Historical records record that "first there was Emperor Yan and then there was Huang" "Jin Language Chinese": "Xi Shaodian married the Yu clan and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor.

The Yellow Emperor is made of Ji Shui, and the Yan Emperor is made of ginger water. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor is Ji (the ancestor of the surnames Ji Zhou, Wu, Wei, Lu, Hu, Yan, Linghu, etc.), and the Yan Emperor is Jiang (the ancestor of the surnames Jiang, Lu, Qi, Nie, Gao, Zhang, Cui, etc.). "We often see that the sons and daughters of China at home and abroad, across the Taiwan Strait and three places claim to be the descendants of Yan and Huang, and most of the people who can worship are only the Yellow Emperor, because the Han population is the largest, and the main body of the Han nationality today originates from the descendants of the Yellow Emperor's tribe, rather than the Yandi tribe of the ancient Qiang tribe (the Yanhuang tribe was annexed by the Yellow Emperor and gradually integrated, so the Han people also have the blood of the ancient Qiang people.

In addition, the descendants of the surname Jiang gradually merged with the Huaxia people to form the Han nationality) Many ethnic minorities in the southwest such as: Tibetan, Yi, Naxi ......All originated from Qiang.