Types and characteristics of mushrooms, what are the types of mushrooms?

1) Types of mushrooms that are commonly consumed.

Shiitake mushrooms: the normal shiitake mushroom body is round and straight, the mushroom umbrella is thick, the cover is smooth, and the quality is not broken; The hand guard stipe has a hard feeling, and the fungus umbrella is puffed up immediately after letting go; The color is yellow-brown, the folds under the fungus umbrella should be tight and fine white, and the stipe is short and stout; There are aromas in the distance, no scorched flakes, rain flakes, mildew and debris.

Mushroom: There are white cracks like chrysanthemums on the umbrella surface, and the color is yellow-brown and smooth; The fungus umbrella is thick; The edge is rolled down, the fungus is fine and even, the body is dry, the miscellaneous small stalk is short (the diameter of the fungus umbrella is 2 3 cm), and the aroma is strong.

Thick mushroom: the umbrella surface has no pattern, millet color and slightly shiny; The meat is thick and tender, the flowers are slightly larger, and the edges are cracked more.

Oyster mushroom: flat-topped, light brown, good oyster mushroom slices are large, the umbrella umbrella is thicker, the edge of the umbrella surface is intact, there are fewer cracks, the fungus pleat is white or light yellow, the pleats are uniform, and the stipe is short. Edible mushrooms are sometimes mixed with poisonous mushrooms, but it is not difficult to identify them with a little attention.

The color of the poisonous mushroom is relatively bright, and the mushroom umbrella has red, purple, yellow or other variegated colors and spots, and the base is red; The umbrella has a fungus wheel on the stem and cysts at the root; After tearing, it will come out with white or yellow milk and a spicy taste.

2) Identification of toxic and non-toxic.

In terms of color, the color of poisonous mushrooms is bright, often red, green, and yellow, and the mushrooms are abruptly undulating, and the mushroom umbrella often has variegated spots, and there are filaments or small pieces of residue or scales on the surface. Non-poisonous mushrooms are generally not bright in color, with flat caps and smooth umbrella surfaces.

From the point of view of secretions, the lid or injured part of the poisonous mushroom often secretes a viscous and thick liquid, which has a russet method, a spicy and other peculiar smell, and the mushroom cover is easy to change color after tearing. Non-poisonous mushrooms are generally drier, and the liquid secreted after breaking is white with a special fragrance, and the mushroom lid generally does not change color after tearing.

The umbrella handle of poisonous mushrooms has mushroom wheels on the upper part and is easy to break, and the lower part has cysts at the root of the mushroom holder, and the umbrella handle is difficult to tear open by hand. The umbrella handle of non-poisonous mushrooms has no mushroom wheel on the upper part and no mushroom holder on the lower part, and the umbrella handle is easy to tear by hand.

Identified by chemical method, the milk method of extruding poisonous mushrooms, smeared on paper, and a drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid is dropped after drying, which turns blue or red immediately after 20 minutes, and turns blue after 30 minutes. In addition, the mushroom is strangely shaped, such as the stem is slender or thick, the mushroom surface is thick and hard, like a trumpet, like a human head, like an umbrella, etc. Even if the color is normal, it is mostly poisonous mushrooms.

One more point. That is, the cleaner the roots of the mushrooms, the more harmful it will be to the human body. How harmful it is not clear.

1.Comparison method: Identify local edible or poisonous mushrooms one by one with the help of a colorful mushroom atlas suitable for local use.

2.Look at the shape: poisonous mushrooms are generally sticky and slippery, often stained with some debris or patch-like patches on the cap, and often have a fungus ring on the stipe (like wearing a miniskirt); Non-poisonous mushrooms rarely have rings.

3.Color: Poisonous mushrooms are mostly golden, pink, white, black, green, etc., and non-poisonous mushrooms are mostly coffee, light purple or gray-red.

4.Smell: poisonous mushrooms have a sour, spicy, bitter, hemp or potato, radish flavor, and non-poisonous mushrooms have a bitter apricot or fruit flavor.

5.Look at the secretions: tear off the stem of the picked fresh wild mushrooms, the non-toxic secretions are clear as water, some are white, and the fungus surface is torn off and does not change color; The toxic discharge is thick, russet-brown in color, and easily discolored in the air after tearing.

6.Water immersion method: After the poisonous mushrooms are soaked in water, the water is cloudy like milk; After the non-poisonous mushrooms are soaked, the water is still very clear.

7.Test: When picking wild mushrooms, you can use green onions to rub on the mushroom covers, if the green onions turn greenish-brown, it proves poisonous, and if it does not change color, it is not toxic.

8.Boiling test: When boiling wild mushrooms, put a few rushes, garlic or rice to boil together, the mushrooms are cooked, and the rushes turn into blue-green or purple-green is poisonous, and those that turn yellow are not poisonous; Garlic or rice is toxic when it changes color, and it is non-toxic if it doesn't.

9.Chemical identification: Take out the mushroom juice, soak it with paper, and immediately add a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid or white vinegar on it, if the paper turns red or blue, it will be poisonous.

Types of mushrooms: oyster mushroom, enoki mushroom, crab mushroom, king oyster mushroom, white jade mushroom, Xiuzhen mushroom, tea tree mushroom, bisporus mushroom, shiitake mushroom, slippery mushroom, mouth mushroom, lion's mane mushroom, white spirit mushroom, shimeji mushroom, flower mushroom, straw mushroom, chicken leg mushroom, etc.

1. Shiitake mushrooms: nourishment**. The reason why shiitake mushroom has the effect of beauty and anti-aging is that it contains a variety of nutrients that are very beneficial to human health and nourishment, such as: protein, vitamin B, calcium, phosphorus, iron, selenium and a variety of enzymes.

Especially for women, the "anti-aging trump card" contained in "mushrooms" - selenium, which can not only promote metabolism, but also anti-aging, regular consumption can keep ** smooth and delicate at the same time can also make hair black and shiny.

2. Lion's Mane mushroom:

Anti-aging and anti-cancer. Lion's mane mushroom is an excellent food that is high in protein, low in fat, and rich in minerals and vitamins. The unsaturated fatty acids it contains are beneficial to blood circulation and can reduce blood cholesterol levels.

It can improve the body's immune function and delay aging. Lion's mane mushroom contains a variety of amino acids and rich polysaccharides, which can help digestion and have remarkable curative effects on gastritis, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and other digestive diseases.

3. Agaricus bisporus:

Lowers blood lipids. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that Bisporus mushroom has the effect of refreshing digestion and lowering blood pressure. Regular consumption of Bisporus mushroom can prevent scurvy, prevent swelling and cancer, promote wound healing and relieve the poisoning of lead, arsenic, mercury, etc., and has the effects of tonifying the spleen, moistening the lungs, regulating qi and dissolving phlegm, preventing pernicious anemia, improving nerve function and reducing blood lipids.

Bisporus mushroom is rich in copper, which is an indispensable micronutrient for human health, and has an important impact on the development and function of blood, central nervous system and immune system, hair, bone tissue, brain, liver, heart and other internal organs.

4. Straw mushroom: improve the body's immunity. Straw mushrooms are high in vitamin C, which can promote human metabolism and improve immunity. It also has a detoxification effect, such as lead, arsenic, benzene into the human body, can be combined with it to form ascorbate, with urine excretion.

Straw mushroom can also eliminate food and heat, nourish yin and aphrodisiac, increase milk, prevent scurvy, promote wound healing, protect the liver and stomach, enhance human immunity, and is an excellent food and medicine nutrition and health food.

5. Enoki mushroom:

Fitness and disease resistance. Enoki mushroom contains a complete set of essential amino acids, among which lysine and arginine are particularly rich, which is conducive to the absorption and utilization of various nutrients in food. Enoki mushroom can effectively enhance the biological activity of the body, promote metabolism in the body, and is also beneficial to growth and development.

Enoki mushroom also contains a substance called mushroom, which has the ability to enhance the body's resistance to cancer cells, and regular consumption of enoki mushroom can also lower cholesterol, prevent liver disease and gastrointestinal ulcers, enhance the body's righteousness, prevent disease and fitness.

Mushrooms, also known as edible mushrooms, edible mushrooms, edible fungi, etc., refer to the macrofungi with edible value of the fruiting body, widely distributed throughout the earth, most abundant in the forest deciduous area, as an ideal natural food or multi-functional food.

1. Bisporus mushroom.

Bisporus mushroom is also known as white mushroom, mushroom, foreign mushroom, etc., and producers and operators in Europe and the United States often call it ordinary cultivated mushroom or button mushroom, which is a mushroom cultivated and consumed worldwide, and is known as "world mushroom".

Ask me how to send **.

Answer: Shiitake mushroom is a fungus that grows on wood, also known as mushroom, etc., for the fruiting body of the fungus of the family Centricaceae, the world's second largest edible mushroom, is also one of China's specialties, known as "mountain treasure" in the folk.

Chicken leg mushroom The shape of chicken leg mushroom is somewhat like chicken thigh, which is very nutritious, the taste is also very good, and its fat content is very low, even if it is a friend of fitness and **, you can eat it with peace of mind.

Please give it a thumbs up, dear.

The types of common mushrooms are as follows:

1. Shiitake mushroom: the world's second largest edible mushroom, one of China's specialties.

Shiitake mushroom is one of the specialties of our country, and it is also the second largest edible mushroom in the world, its flesh is thick and delicate, the taste is very delicious, and it is rich in nutrition, and is known as the "queen of mushrooms".

2. Oyster mushroom: a common edible mushroom, widely distributed, relatively low.

Oyster mushroom is a common edible mushroom, widely distributed around the world, inexpensive, and very nutritious. It belongs to a kind of good light fungus, which can be produced in most parts of China, including Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Heilongjiang and other regions.

3. Enoki mushroom: the fruiting body is small, the flesh is soft and elastic, and the flesh is white.

Enoki mushroom The other name of enoki mushroom is shiitake mushroom, mushroom, the fruiting body is usually small, most of them grow in bunches, the flesh is relatively soft and elastic, the cap is spherical, hemispherical, the diameter is in, the flesh is white, and the edge is thin.

4. Lion's mane mushroom: It looks like a monkey's head, and it is an edible mushroom with both medicine and food, and it is fleshy.

Lion's Mane Mushroom The shape of Lion's Mane Mushroom is like a monkey's head, so it is named Lion's Mane Mushroom, it is a very famous edible mushroom with both medicine and food in China, the fruiting body is medium, large or large, the diameter is, fleshy, and the shape is capitate or obovate.

5. Tea tree mushroom: the scientific name is columnar field mushroom, edible and medicinal mushroom, medium temperature edible mushroom.

The Chinese scientific name of tea tree mushroom is columnar Tiantou mushroom, which is a edible and medicinal mushroom, the surface is very smooth, dark red at first, with light wrinkles, the flesh is white, the stipe is solid, yellow-white. It is also rich in nutrients and belongs to the medium-temperature type edible mushroom.

6. Other species: straw mushroom, bamboo sun, porcini mushroom, king oyster mushroom, white mushroom, etc.

There are many other types of mushrooms, and common mushrooms include straw mushrooms, bamboo sunflowers, porcini mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, white mushrooms, pine lactobacillus mushrooms, bisporus mushrooms, etc.