During the Warring States period, what were the guide tools made of natural magnets that people used

Before the "Four Great Inventions", there were records in ancient books in China that used magnets to make tools to determine the direction, and this tool was called "Sinan". Experts generally believe that Sinan was born in the Warring States Period of our country.

compass, but not really a modern compass.

According to the "Ancient Mine Record".

According to records, this use of magnets to indicate directions first appeared in Cishan (now Handan City, Hebei Province) in Hebei during the Warring States Period.

Magnetic Hill area). "Guiguzi".

There is also a record of "so Zheng people's jade, carrying Sinan's car", Guiguzi himself, the "Zheng people" who took jade mentioned in the text, and the magnetic mountain that produced magnets recorded in other ancient books happened to be located in the Handan cultural circle at that time.

In other words, it is very likely that Guiguzi saw and heard the technique of using magnets to indicate the direction at that time, and then wrote it into his own book.

The shape of Sinan that we often see now comes from the guide tool researched and restored by Wang Zhenduo, a historian of science and technology in China. The basis for Mr. Wang's restoration is "Han Feizi" in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

and the Eastern Han Dynasty thinker Wang Chong's "On Balance".

The ladle of Sinan is cast on the ground, and its guide is recorded.

The south pole of the magnet is ground into the handle of a spoon and placed on a smooth chassis made of metal, on which the pattern indicating the direction is marked. When the magnetic spoon stops rotating on the chassis, the handle of the spoon points due south.

In addition to Sinan, the guide car is another tool that exists in ancient records and has the function of indicating directions. Legend of the Yellow Emperor.

And Zhou Gong used to manufacture and use guide cars.

However, according to later research on the Han Dynasty guide car, it has been confirmed that the reason why the portrait on this car can always point to the south depends on the mechanical structure, not the physical properties of the magnet. Mr. Wang also restored a model of the guide car based on the records, which is still on display in the museum today.

to the Northern Song Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty was born with a compass porcelain bowl specially matched with the use of these two - the porcelain bowl similar to the coordinate system was fired, the magnetic needle or compass fish was placed on the water surface, observe its direction, and then with the help of the auxiliary line in the porcelain bowl, you can calculate the current direction.

This guide tool is called Sinan. It is a guide tool made of natural magnets, reflecting the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient working people.

Sinan, this is a compass that has been born a long time ago, and it is made of natural magnets.

Sinan, this thing is very convenient when you use it, and you can use it to better determine the direction.

About 2,000 years ago, the Chinese used natural magnets to make guide tools, called compasses.

The compass was called Sinan in ancient times, and its main component was a magnetic needle mounted on an axis. The magnetic needle can rotate freely under the action of the natural geomagnetic field and remain tangent at the magnetic meridian.

directionally. The south pole of the magnetic needle points to the geographic south pole, which is the north pole of the magnetic field, and the direction can be discerned by using this property. It is commonly used in navigation, geodetic surveying, travel, etc. There are three types of parts for the compass that physically indicates the direction, namely the Sinan and the lead compass.

and magnetic needles are both Chinese inventions.

The compass is the result of the understanding of magnetism by the ancient Chinese working people in long-term practice. As one of the four great inventions of ancient China.

Its invention has played an immeasurable role in the development of human science and technology and civilization.

About 2,000 years ago, the Chinese used natural magnets to make guide tools. Judgment.

Sinan is an instrument used to identify the direction in ancient China, and it is the invention of the ancient Chinese working people in the long-term practice of understanding the magnetic properties of objects.

The ancients discovered natural magnets very early.

It has the characteristics of indicating the north and the south, and the earliest tool to indicate the north and south, Sinan, is made of natural magnets. However, natural magnets are very fragile and can be easily damaged during the cutting process, and their magnetic properties will weaken or even lose after being hit or heated. So, after trial and error, people invented various artificial magnets.

According to the Northern Song Dynasty. Zeng Gongliang "General Essentials of the Martial Arts".

Note: If you are unable to identify the direction due to weather conditions, you can use a guide fish to identify the direction. The guide fish here is a guide tool.

As the name suggests, the shape of the guide fish is a fish, and this fish is made of thin steel sheets, which are two inches long and five minutes wide. When it is time to point, just put it in a bowl of water and the head of the floating small fish will always point south.

The steel sheet itself is not magnetic, so how can it be guided? There is only one answer - the steel sheet must be magnetized so that it becomes a magnet. The "General Essentials of the Martial Arts" gives the method of magnetization:

After cutting the iron sheet into the shape of a fish, it is burned red in a charcoal fire and taken out, and then placed in water with tongs to cool. When cooling, the fish should be along the meridian.

and at an angle to the horizontal plane. In this way, a guide fish is made that can indicate directions.

The ancients gave the method of magnetization, but did not explain the principle. Modern physicist.

A scientific explanation is given: this magnetization method is called geomagnetic method, which uses the magnetic field of the earth itself to magnetize. When heated at high temperatures, the movement of molecules in the iron sheet accelerates, and it is subjected toEarth's magnetic fieldThe magnetic domains in the iron sheet are neatly arranged in accordance with the direction of the magnetic field.

At this time, once the iron piece is thrown into cold water, it suddenly cools, and the magnetic domain is fixed, and it becomes a permanent magnet.

Shen Kuo, a scientist from the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in "Mengxi Writings".

Another method of artificial magnetization is mentioned, "the Fang family uses a magnet to rub the needle, and it can be guided". The technician sharpens the tip of the needle with a magnet to make the tip of the needle magnetic and thus guided. This is the use of the magnetic field of the natural magnet to make the arrangement of the magnetic domains inside the steel needle tend to the same direction, so that the steel needle gains magnetism.

Summary:The ancients made magnets through artificial magnetization, so that the performance of the magnet guide became more and more stable and reliableCompassThe application and development has played a huge role.

They made it from ore, they chose the right stone, and then they made these products.

First of all, they are manufactured according to some principles of electromagnetic induction, because the dictionary says it has suction, so they will go through some relatively hard alloys to develop and mix. It is sintered, finely machined, and then filled with some magnetism, resulting in the formation of a magnet.

They are designed through a special forging process, and the magnets made are also very magnetic.

(1) Compass.

2) Asia, Europe, America.

3) 4 centuries.

4) War (or violence).

5) During the Southern Song Dynasty, the compass was transmitted to Europe through the Arabs; Chinese papermaking first spread to Vietnam, Korea, Japan and other countries in eastern Asia, and then to Europe through the Arabs.

6) Papermaking and printing.

According to the knowledge of the Kaiji, as early as the Warring States Period, the people of Sosun Split have found that the magnet indicates the characteristics of the north and the south, and made "Sinan", which is the earliest guide instrument in the world, so the answer is:

In ancient times, people invented "Sinan" according to the principle of magnet (referring to polarity).

It was the first compass.

In addition to attracting iron, the magnet also has the characteristic of pointing to the pole, that is, it will fix the two large magnetic fields pointing to the north and south poles of the earth, and the compass is made using this principle. The earliest compass was called Sinan. In fact, the direction of the compass is not due south, because there is a certain deviation between the geomagnetic poles and the geographical poles.

A magnet is a magnet that points north and south when the magnet is free and stationary due to the action of the geomagnetic field

So the answer is: point; It is affected by the geomagnetic field

China is the earliest country in the world to study magnetic phenomena, Sinan is a spoon made of natural magnet grinding, the spoon head part of the magnetic spoon is the N pole, the spoon handle part is the S pole, the magnetic spoon is under the action of the geomagnetic field, and the spoon handle is the guide when it is stationary

The compass is one of the four great inventions of our country, and the earliest defeat and blindness were recorded in the "Mengxi Writings" of Shen Kuo, a scholar of the Song Dynasty

So the answer is: China; Sinan; Spoon; spoon handle; the Four Great Inventions; Shen Kuo

Answer: Answer: China is the first country in the world to study magnetic phenomena and made a pointing instrument Sinan, which is made of natural magnet grinding spoon, when stationary, its spoon handle points to the south The compass is one of the four great inventions of China, and it was first recorded in the Northern Song Dynasty scholar Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan".

Therefore, the answer is: China, Sinan; Spoon, spoon handle, four great inventions, Shen Kuo.