Who is the originator of Chinese hermits? A famous hermit in ancient China?

"Hermit" refers to a reclusive person.

The earliest hermit in the history of our country, or the originator of the hermit, should be Xu You, who lived in the ancient Yao period.

Xu Youzi Wu Zhong. "Yao heard that the world and let Yan, but retreated and escaped in the sun of Yingshui in Zhongyue, hidden under the mountain of Ji. ”

He is the poster child of the "reclusive man".

The two old men of Boyi Shuqi stopped the Xiqi army from advancing to the court song when King Wu was fighting, but they did not succeed, and they did not come out of seclusion in Shouyang Mountain, did not eat Zhou Su, and ate the roses every day. The hermit took Boyi Shuqi as the originator, and offered two statues to sacrifice to the feast.

From this, it can be seen that the two old men of Boyi Shuqi are the originators of hermits. Of course, there are also legends about hermits in the more distant Yaoshun era and even the Yanhuang era, but they are all nonsense, so they can't be counted.

Guiguzi of the Zongheng family has lived in seclusion for a long time, has no quarrel with the world, and has devoted himself to the study of vertical and horizontal theory, opening up a precedent for living in seclusion.

Qinglian monk - Li Bai (great poet of the Tang Dynasty); Xiangshan monk - Bai Juyi (great poet of the Tang Dynasty);

Humiliating Layman - Sikong Tu (Tang Poet);

Cottage Monk - Wei Ye (poet of the Northern Song Dynasty);

61 Layman - Ouyang Xiu (Northern Song Dynasty writer);

Dongpo monk - Su Shi (Northern Song Dynasty writer);

Huaihai Jushi - Qin Guan (Northern Song Dynasty poet);

Houshan Monk - Chen Shidao (Northern Song Dynasty poetess);

Xiechuan Jushi - Su Guo (Northern Song Dynasty writer);

Yi'an Jushi - Li Qingzhao (Southern Song Dynasty female lyricist);

Chashan Monk - Zeng Ji (poet of the Southern Song Dynasty);

Luchuan Jushi - Zhang Yuangan (Southern Song Dynasty poet);

Guanyuan Monk - Ji Yougong (Southern Song Dynasty writer);

Shihu Monk - Fan Chengda (Southern Song Dynasty poet);

Sui Chu Jushi - You Hao (poet of the Southern Song Dynasty);

Yuhu Jushi - Zhang Xiaoxiang (Southern Song Dynasty poet);

Secluded dweller - Zhu Shuzhen (female lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty);

Houcun Resident - Liu Kezhuang (Southern Song Dynasty writer);

Shenning Monk - Wang Yinglin (Southern Song Dynasty scholar);

Wu Zhen Jushi - Liu Ying (Jin Wen Scholar);

Liuru layman - Tang Yin (Ming painter and writer);

Zunyan Jushi - Wang Shenzhong (Ming essayist);

Wenling Jushi - Li Zhen (Ming scholar);

Lianxi monk - Xue Lundao (Ming Sanqu family);

Shen Yu Jushi - Li Liufang (Ming writer, painter);

Liuquan Monk - Pu Songling (Qing scholar);

Shi Zhenlin (Qing scholar);

Rehabilitant layman - Hong Liangji (Qing scholar, scholar);

Ming Shan Jushi - Zhao Ziyong (Qing scholar).

Tao Yuanming. Typical. Liu Yuxi.

Zuo Ci in the Three Kingdoms period is a typical example, and Xie Lingyun is also very famous.

There are many, the famous ones are Zhuge Kongming, Tao Yuanming, and some such as Boyi, Shuqi, Yan Guang and so on!

Jiang Taigong (later out of the mountain), Laozi, Zhuangzi, Fan Li, Jikang, Tao Yuanming, Zhuge Liang (before the age of 27).

Guiguzi in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the four Hao mountains in the early Han Dynasty.

An insight into the subtleties of human nature.

Tao Yuanming, Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, Wang Wei, Zhuangzi, etc.

Tao Yuanming (352 or 365 - 427), the character Yuanliang, also known as Qian, privately called "Jingjie", known as Mr. Jingjie. Xunyang Chaisang people. From the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, he was a great poet and poet.

He once served as Jiangzhou sacrificial wine, Jianwei joined the army, the town army joined the army, Pengze County Order, etc., the last time he was the Pengze County Order, he abandoned his post for more than 80 days, and since then he has returned to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China, known as the "Sect of Ancient and Modern Hidden Poets", and has "Tao Yuan Ming Collection".

During the reign of Wei Zheng (240-249), Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Shantao, Xiang Xiu, Liu Ling, Wang Rong and Ruan Xian often gathered under the bamboo forest in Shanyang County (now Hui County, Henan, Xiuwu area), and were known as the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest. According to Mr. Chen Yinke's examination, in the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty, the "Geyi" atmosphere of the outer book was prevalent than the attached internal classics, and in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was to take the name of Tianzhu "Bamboo Forest" and add it to the "Seven Sages" to become the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest". "Bamboo Forest" is neither a place name, nor is there really any "Bamboo Forest".

Wang Wei Shen Zen enlightenment, learn Zhuang Xindao, proficient in poetry, calligraphy, painting, **, etc., with the name of poetry in Kaiyuan, Tianbao, especially long five words, many landscapes and pastorals, and Meng Haoran together called "Wang Meng", known as "Poetry Buddha". The calligraphy and painting are particularly exquisite, and later generations recommend it as the ancestor of Nanzong landscape painting. Su Shi commented on it:

The poems of the taste of Maha, there are paintings in the poems; Looking at the painting, there is poetry in the painting. There are more than 400 poems, and the representative poems include "Acacia", "Autumn Dusk in the Mountain House" and so on. He is the author of "Wang Youcheng Collection" and "The Secret of Painting".

Zhuangzi (c. 369 BC 286 BC), a philosopher in the middle of the Warring States period, Zhuang's family, the name Zhou, the character Zixiu (Yizuo Zimu), Han nationality, Meng (now Mengcheng, Anhui, also known as Shangqiu, Henan, Dongming, Shandong) people. He was a great thinker, philosopher and writer in the pre-Qin (Warring States) period of our country.

Whether it is in peacetime or wartime, people can choose to be born or enter the world, and the group of people who are born are often called hermits, and a considerable number of people in ancient China were hermits. SoNational cultureLet's take a look at who the four great hermits of ancient China were.

Yan Hui. Yan Hui (521-481 BC) was a native of Shandong in the late Spring and Autumn period. Ziyuan, Confucius's most proud protégé.

Yongye" said that he "has a spoonful of food and a scoop of drink, and in the alleys, people are unbearable, and they will not change their pleasures." Judging by the humility and eagerness to learn, "no anger, no offense". He had great respect for his teachers and always had great respect for Confucius.

Known for his virtues, Confucius often praised him. Unfortunately, he died early. Since the Han Dynasty, Yan Hui has been listed as the first of the seventy-two sages.

When the literati offered sacrifices to Confucius, Yan Hui was sacrificed alone. Since then, successive rulers have continued to add titles and epithets to him.

Tao Hongjing. Liquid Tao Hongjing (456-536), a famous hermit, was known as the "Prime Minister of the Mountains". He was born in the Southern Liang Dynasty in Danyang Moling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu).

A Taoist thinker, pharmacist, alchemist and writer during the Qi and Liang periods of the Southern Chinese Dynasty, he was later known as Huayang and retired to Mr. Zhenbai. A representative of the Maoshan Taoist priests in the Southern Qi and Southern Liang periods of the Southern Dynasties.

Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming (c. 365-427 years old), the character Yuan Liang, changed his name to Qian in his later years. The term "Yuanming" is well known.

Mr. Goyanagi, also known as Mr. Yasutsu, is the private title of a relative and friend after his death. A native of Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang City), he was a poet, poet, essayist and pastoral poet in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and the early Southern Song Dynasty.

Yan Guang. Yan Guang was a hermit in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his ancestral home was Ziling and Yuyao. In the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25), Liu Xiu became Emperor Guangwu.

Yan Guang changed his name and fled to other places. Liu Xiu remembered the old and asked people to draw his portrait and look for him everywhere. Send an ambassador and a carriage to Luoyang, Kyoto.

Liu Xiu asked him to be a counselor, but he refused. He returned to Fuchun Mountain (now in Tonglu County) to farm, study, and fish. He died at home at the age of 80.

Zhaojun County donated millions of gold for his burial. His grave is in Tran Hill (Kexing Mountain).

Immortals:

Nanhua old immortals--- blue-eyed and childish faces, holding quinoa canes. The Book of Heaven "Taiping Technique" was awarded to Zhang Jiao.

The Southern Fire De Xingjun --- to serve God and go to the Mizhu house.

Yu Ji --- Taoist priest of Langya Palace, dressed in a crane and carrying a quinoa staff. Get the book of God on the water of Yangqu Spring, called "Taiping Qing Lingdao", live in the East, go back and forth to Wuhui, Pu Shi Fu Shui, save people from all diseases, all without testing. was angrily beheaded by Sun Ce.

The Venerable Master Zixu --- lived in Jinping Mountain, knew the life and death of people, and was Liu Fu and Zhang Renbu.

Zuo Ci --- Mr. Wujiao, squinting, lame, wearing a white rattan crown and a green lazy clothes. There are three volumes of the Book of Heaven, called "Dunjia Book of Heaven".Big drama Cao Cao.

Nandou --- wears a red robe, and his appearance is very beautiful.

Beidou --- wears a white robe, and his appearance is very evil, scattered into nine, and merged into one. Note to death.

The god of the pear tree--- thirty miles away from Luoyang City, has a pool, the name of the Dragon Pond; There is a shrine in front of it, named Yuelong Temple. There is a big pear tree next to the ancestral hall, more than ten zhang high, this tree has been carried on for hundreds of years, and there are often gods and men living on it.

Li Yi --- lives in the west of Qingcheng Mountain in Chengdu. The crane has a childish face, blue eyes and square pupils, scorching and light, and the body is like an ancient cypress. Know the good and bad in life and death. for Liu Beibu.

The temple god of General Han Fubo's Ma Yuan Temple--- was ordered by General Fubo to guide Zhuge Liang to be barbaric.

High human: Hua Tuo --- the character yuan, Peiguo Qian County people. Auntie. Author of "Green Capsule Book".

Guan Zhi --- word Gongming, plain people. The appearance is rough and ugly, and he is a good drinker. Shenbu.

Pujing --- Hedong to solve the good people. The former elder of the National Temple in Guanzhen, Bishui, once rescued Guan Yu. Later, in Yuquan Mountain, the grass is a nunnery, sitting in meditation and participating in the road, and the heroic spirit of Guan Yu is ignited.

Hermits: Sima Hui--- character Decao, Yingchuan people. Lives in Nanzhang. Mr. Mizukami. The pine-shaped crane bone is extraordinary. once said, "Fulong and phoenix, two people get one, but the world can be safe." ”

Lou Zibo --- Jingzhao people. Secluded in Zhongnan Mountain, the road number Mengmei Jushi. The crane bone is pine, and the shape is ancient. Help Cao Cao build an earthen wall and break Ma Chao.

Meng Jie --- the Taoist Wan'an hermit, the brother of Meng Shu. Bamboo-crowned grass shoes, white robe soap, blue eyes and yellow hair. Help Zhuge Liang to be barbaric.

Lin Kui in the Song Dynasty. A man planted plums and cranes on a small lonely mountain in Hangzhou. Catch the breeze and enjoy the bright moon, pet the "plum wife" to protect the "crane", the water is clear and shallow, the shadow is sparse and slanted, and the dark fragrance floats at dusk. Flowers bloom and fall in front of the court, watch the clouds roll up outside the sky, and get rid of a fairy.

Xu You (the one who does not accept the Yao position), Jieyu (Chu Mad), Zhuang Zhou (Zhuangzi), Fan Li (Tao Zhugong), Guiguzi, Yan Guang (Yan Ziling), Tao Hongjing (Emperor Wu of Liang's prime minister in the mountains), Tao Yuanming, Chen Jun, Zhang Sanfeng.

Hermit is a Taoist philosophical term. It refers to a scholar who focuses on the study of knowledge and a folk educator. First of all, there are "scholars", that is, intellectuals, otherwise there would be no hermits.

The hermit was first and foremost an intellectual, one of the members of the "scholar" class. Not all people who live in the countryside and mountains and forests can be called hermits, those who yearn to enter the government but have no opportunity or ability to enter the government are not hermits, and those uneducated farmers and woodcutters are not hermits;

Only those who can maintain an independent personality, pursue freedom of thought, do not compromise, do not attach themselves to power, have extraordinary talents and knowledge, and are truly unwilling to enter the profession from the heart, can be called hermits.

Like Zhuangzi, they advocated a natural attitude towards life, and chose a lifestyle of seclusion and concentration on learning. Hermits are generally Taoist figures, and Taoist representatives are often hermits, such as, Xu You, Chaofu, Liezi, Zhuangzi, Guiguzi, Zhang Liang, Huang Shigong, Deng Yu, Zhuge Liang, Liu Bowen, Mr. Shui Jing, Xu Maogong, Miao Xun, Chen Jun, Heshang Zhangren, Tao Yuanming, etc., of course, there are many hermits who did not leave their writings, because of the war so that we cannot understand them.

Hermits were early Taoist figures who, like Lao Tzu, advocated a natural and inactive attitude to life and chose a lifestyle of escapism and self-cultivation. Hermits are generally Taoist figures, and Taoist representatives are often hermits, such as Laozi, Zhuangzi, Liezi, Heshang Zhangren, and so on.

In the twenty-fifth year of Tang Kaiyuan, Li Bai moved to Donglu and lived in seclusion with Shandong celebrities Kong Chaowen, Han Zhun, Pei Zheng, Zhang Shuming, and Tao Wei in Zhuxi, Zhulai Mountain, and the world called them "Zhuxi Liuyi". Later, Li Bai "sent Han Zhun Pei Zhengkong Chao's father back to the mountain" in the poem "Last night's dream, the cloud made the bamboo creek moon" The sentence is the affectionate memory of this secluded life.

Tao Hongjing (456 536), the word is clear, the name Huayang seclusion, known as the "Prime Minister of the Mountain", the Southern Dynasty Liang Danyang Moling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) people. A Taoist thinker, pharmacist, alchemist, and writer in the Qi and Liang dynasties of Southern China, he was a reclusive man in Huayang and died in Mr. Zhenbai. One of the representatives of the Taoist Maoshan school in the Southern Qi and Southern Liang periods of the Southern Dynasties.

Tao Yuanming (c. 365-427), the character Yuanliang, changed his name to Qian in his later years. When it comes to fame and dive, the words are clear. Self-named Mr. Wuliu, after his death, relatives and friends privately talked about Jingjie, known as Mr. Jingjie.

A native of Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang City), he was a poet, poet, essayist, and pastoral poet in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and early Song Dynasty.

Eastern Han Dynasty hermit Yan Guang (year of birth and death unknown), a Zun, Ziling, Yuyao people. In the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25), Liu Xiu ascended the throne as Emperor Guangwu, and Yan Guangnai changed his surname incognito and avoided to another country. Liu Xiu thinks of the old and makes the painting look for it.

Sent an envoy to prepare the car, and the three hired began to Luoyang, Kyoto. Liu Xiuzhi gave advice to the doctor, did not obey, and returned to Fuchun Mountain (now Tonglu County) to cultivate and fish. He died at home at the age of 80.

Zhaojun County gave millions of money, Gu Qianhu was buried, and the tomb was in Chenshan (Kexing Mountain). It is famous for the "High Wind and Bright Festival".