How the marshland is formed, how the marshland is formed

The swamp is like a large pond full of mud, and the ground is soft, and it is often found in lakes, forests, meadows, riversides, coastal lowlands, etc. The water flowing into the lake brings a lot of sediment, which makes the lake shallower and shallower, and gradually the aquatic plants also grow out of the water, and the lake gradually becomes a swamp with dense aquatic plants. In the forest, the ground is covered with thick fallen leaves, like a quilt, and after the rain, the ground is very wet, and it does not dry out for many years, and gradually it becomes a swamp.

In addition, there is a possibility that a place may become a swamp due to the melting of snow in the mountains.

A swamp is formed when the surface layer of the soil is too wet for a long time.

Most lakes can gradually silt into swamps due to mechanical and biological sedimentation. Mechanical sedimentation first forms a delta at the mouth of the lake, and gradually expands towards the center of the lake, so that the lake bottom is filled, the water body becomes shallow, and the lake shrinks until it becomes a swamp.

Plants in lakes in humid climates tend to be distributed in concentric circles: terrestrial plants grow on the shore, shallow plants grow in shallow waters on the shore, deep-water plants grow in the deeper waters, and floating plants grow in the middle of the lake. The remains of the dead plants are piled up at the bottom of the lake, causing the lake to gradually shallow and shrink in size, and the plant belt gradually moves from the edge of the lake to the center of the lake, and finally the whole lake becomes a swamp.

Ecological functions of the swamp:

The ecological function of the swamp is that it can be used as a direct water source or to supplement groundwater, and can effectively control floods and prevent soil desertification, and can also retain sediments, toxic substances and nutrients, thereby improving environmental pollution. It stores carbon in the form of organic matter, reducing the greenhouse effect and protecting the coast from wind and waves.

Marshes are an important part of wetlands. Wetlands refer to areas of shallow water with still or flowing water, such as natural or man-made marshes, and also include waters with a depth of not more than 6 metres at low tide. Wetlands, along with forests and oceans, are known as the three major ecosystems in the world and are widely distributed around the world.

A large number of plants and animals live in the wetland system.

How the marshland is formed:

1. In forest areas, leaf litter continues to accumulate, because of the carbonization process, most of the minerals in the soil are quietly leached, resulting in the death of plants and trees, and the replacement of moss plants multiplies in large quantities, forming swamps.

2. In areas that are too wet, the same is true, where weeds multiply in large quantities to form thick grasses, which deteriorates the aeration effect of the soil, causes the original plants to die rapidly, and grows sedge plants, forming swamps.

3. The river bank on the low-lying plain, in the case of shallow river water and slow flow rate, can grow aquatic plants and gradually form swamps.

4. In the coastal lowlands, which are repeatedly flooded by the sea, the beach can also form swamps with land grasses and reeds.

5. In plateau and alpine areas, due to the snow on the ground in winter, the ice and snow melt in the spring and summer of the following year, the ground is waterlogged, and the growth of short grass and bryophytes will also form swamps.

6. In areas with humid climate, the river water carries sediment into the lake, and the plants in the lake die in large numbers, and with the emergence of new plants, they begin to multiply in large quantities, and the lake will become smaller and smaller, and the sediment of the lake will become more and more, and when it reaches a certain limit, the original lake will become a swamp.

The production of marshes is closely related to plant communities, and there are many hygro-loving and water-soluble marsh green plants growing and developing in marshes. Because there is more water, the oxygen in the soil layer of the swamp is insufficient, and under the standard of anaerobic fermentation, the green plants will dissolve slowly after mold, and will be semi-dissolved, and finally produce peat, plus a lot of fine sand deposits, it will slowly transform into a swamp.

A swamp is an area where the soil is very moist or covered by shallow water resources, and is permanently soaked by stored water. Areas where the soil moisture content is almost above saturation and peat deposits are generally muddy areas with abundant aquatic weeds. The production of marshes is closely related to plant communities, and there are many hygro-loving and water-soluble marsh green plants growing and developing in marshes.

Because there is more water, the oxygen in the soil and soil layer of the marsh is insufficient, and under the standard of anaerobic fermentation, the dissolution of the green and chromic plants is slow after mold, and it is semi-dissolved, and finally peat is produced, and a lot of fine sand is deposited, which will slowly turn into a swamp.

In the low-lying areas along the rivers in the plains, because the rivers are shallow and the water flow is slow, there are many aquatic plants that grow and develop, and when the accumulation and consumption of water exceeds the equilibrium or slightly abundant, it is more beneficial to the growth and development of marshes. In the lowlands of the coastal areas, because the sea surface is constantly eroding and flooding the bays, the beaches are full of wild grasses and reeds, and it is very easy to produce salt marshes. Ordinary river valleys, as a safe passage for rivers or mountain springs, are also very beneficial for the generation and growth of marshes.

In some highland areas, mountain slopes and other areas, the road surface is covered by snowfall for a long time, and the snow falls in the spring and summer of the following year, and the glaciers melt, resulting in a large amount of water storage, which promotes large-scale hybridization of short bryophytes and can also produce swamps.

In the vast mountain forest area, many flowers and trees continue to accumulate dry branches and dead leaves, when the precipitation falls, very thick dead leaves and a lot of frugal precipitation, blocking the volatilization of soil water content, so that the soil layer maintains too much moisture. Together, due to the long-term erosion of precipitation, some flowers and plants have disappeared, prompting many bryophytes to breed with great fanfare. Green plants such as moss digest and absorb and retain a lot of water, so swamps are slowly formed.

Stupid friend. The swamp is not only a soil resource, but also contains precious and colorful biological resources, which can improve the humidity of the air environment, promote the air and water circulation system, and benefit the growth and development of mountain forests and various food crops.

The marshes are formed for the following reasons:

Long-term over-wetting of the soil surface is the direct cause of the formation of swamps, the cause of long-term over-wetness of the soil is meadows, low-lying lands due to gentle slope drop and heavy soil clay, poor surface water drainage or difficulty in infiltration, forest logging areas or burned areas due to the loss of the huge water absorption of trees, the water balance of the soil layer is destroyed, and the groundwater overflow zone formed by the frequent exposure of spring water.

Due to excessive irrigation in the irrigation area, in addition, in the permafrost zone suitable for the growth of lower plants, due to the seasonal thawing effect, it will also contribute to the process of swamping, and some swamps in the development process, because the accumulation rate of dead plant residues is greater than the decomposition rate, there will be a quagmire accumulation layer, called peat bogs, and most of the swamps in the cold temperate zone belong to this category.

The accumulation rate of some swamp plant remains is less than or equal to the rate of decomposition, and only a certain thickness of grass root layer appears, which is called latent swamp, and most of the swamps in the Sanjiang Plain in northeast China belong to this category.

Hydrological characteristics of the marshland:

The existence of swamp water is mostly in the form of gravity water, capillary water, membrane water and other forms in the peat and grass root layer, the swamp water balance, large evaporation, and small runoff are important characteristics of the swamp water balance, except for some swamps in individual periods of surface flow, most of them are lateral permeability of the swamp surface flow in the pore medium.

The temperature of the swamp, the surface temperature and the diurnal variation of the swamp are smaller than that of the general ground, and the surface temperature and diurnal variation of the bog are less than that of the general ground, and the surface is not waterlogged and the peat bog that is close to the dry and the dry latent bog is the opposite, and the vertical depth of the diurnal variation of the marsh temperature is generally very small.

When the diving level reaches the surface of the swamp, the freezing process starts late, the freezing process is slow, the depth is small, when the surface organic matter is close to drying, the cooling is fast and the freezing is early, but the lower layer is very slow to freeze, and the freezing depth is also small.

The formation of the swamp is inseparable from the vegetation, and a large number of hygrophilic and water-loving marsh plants grow in the swamp. Due to the abundance of water, the soil of the swamp lacks oxygen, and under anaerobic conditions, the plants decompose slowly after mildew, showing a semi-decomposed state, and eventually form peat, coupled with the accumulation of a large amount of sediment, it will gradually evolve into a swamp.

A swamp is an area where the surface of the land is very moist or covered by shallow water sources and has been flooded with water for a long time. Where soil moisture is nearly saturated and there is a build-up of peat, it is usually a muddy area with dense aquatic weeds. The formation of the swamp is inseparable from the vegetation, and a large number of hygrophilic and water-loving marsh plants grow in the swamp.

Due to the abundance of water, the soil of the swamp lacks oxygen, and under anaerobic conditions, the plants decompose slowly after mildew, showing a semi-decomposed state, and eventually form peat, coupled with the accumulation of a large amount of sediment, it will gradually evolve into a swamp.

Along the low-lying rivers on the plains, there are a large number of aquatic plants growing because of the shallow water and slow flow rate, which are most beneficial to the development and formation of marshes when the accumulation and consumption of water reach a balanced or slightly surplus state. In the coastal lowlands, salt marshes are prone to the formation of salt marshes due to the constant invasion of the coast by the sea, and the beaches are overgrown with weeds and reeds. The general river valley, as a channel for rivers or springs, is also very conducive to the formation and development of marshes.

In some plateaus and mountains, because the ground is covered with snow for a long time, the snow-covered glaciers melt in the spring and summer of the following year, forming a large amount of stagnant water, which makes a large area of short bryophytes hybrid, and can also form swamps.

In vast forest areas, a large number of trees accumulate litter, and when rain falls, thick leaves accumulate a large amount of rainwater, blocking the evaporation of soil moisture and keeping the soil in an overly moist state. At the same time, due to the long-term erosion of rain, some flowers and trees have disappeared, so that a large number of bryophytes have multiplied. Plants such as mosses absorb and retain large amounts of water, so swamps gradually form as well.

Marshes are not only land resources, but also contain valuable and rich biological resources, swamps can increase atmospheric humidity, promote atmospheric water circulation, beneficial to the growth of forests and various crops, in addition, it is also of great significance in maintaining ecological diversity, etc.

A swamp is a land where the surface and subsurface soils are often over-moistened, and wet plants and swamp plants grow on the surface, and there is peat accumulation or no peat accumulation but there is a latent layer. Its formation depends mainly on geomorphological conditions and hydrothermal conditions. The details are as follows:

1.Due to the gentle slope drop and heavy soil clay in meadows and low-lying lands, the surface water drainage is not smooth or it is difficult to infiltrate.

2.The water balance of the soil layer is destroyed due to the loss of the huge water absorption of trees in the deforestation area.

3.Groundwater overflow zones are often exposed due to springs.

4.irrigation area due to over-irrigation, etc.

5.In the permafrost zone, where plants such as denun are suitable for growth, seasonal thawing will also contribute to the process of swamping.

6.In the process of development, in some swamps, because the accumulation rate of dead plant residues is greater than the decomposition rate, a quagmire accumulation layer appears, called peat bogs, and most swamps in the cold temperate zone belong to this category; The cumulative velocity of some swamp plant residues is less than or equal to the decomposition rate, and only a certain thickness of grass root layer appears, which is called latent swamp.